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Optimization of allergic asthma model in rats
Radová, Hana ; Pourová, Jana (advisor) ; Vopršalová, Marie (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Mgr. Hana Radová ABSTRACT (thesis towards the PharmDr. degree) Optimization of allergic asthma model in laboratory rat The aim of this thesis was the optimization of allergic asthma model in laboratory rats as experimental animals. More specifically, based on the determination/quantification of the number of cells (neutrophils, eosinophils, macrophages and lymphocytes) in bronchoalveolar lavage of Wistar rats, we attempted to determine the optimal time interval (1 hour or 24 hours) needed for the manifestation of an adequate allergic reaction after antigen challenge. Subsequently, we compared Wistar rats with Brown Norway rats over this time interval, and more parameters in Brown Norway rats were examined, specifically the level of eosinophil peroxidase and proteins in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. We evaluated the induction of the tested model in comparison with non-allergic animals. In conclusion, (1) the time interval of 24 hours after the antigen challenge is more appropriate for the assessment of the selected model of allergic asthma; the time of one hour was not sufficient for the development of the allergic reaction. (2) Considering all evaluated parameters, Brown Norway rats are more suitable...
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Acne Therapy: Comparison of Treatment and Patients' Experience
Picková, Jana ; Pourová, Jana (advisor) ; Vopršalová, Marie (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Candidate: Mgr. Jana Picková Consultant: PharmDr. Jana Pourová, Ph.D. Title of Thesis: Acne therapy: comparison of treatment and patients' experience This thesis deals with the clinical aspects of the therapy of acne. In theoretical part, basic facts about acne together with current pharmacological options of its treatment have been summarised. The non-pharmacological methods have been covered as well. In experimental work, data (the occurrence of acne in the population in relation to sex, environment, season and the therapy used) obtained from patients' health cards, and information obtained from the patients through a questionnaire have been evaluated and compared.
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Observations of dispensing of several drugs with dependence potential in Pharmacies
Zábranská, Kristýna ; Fendrich, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Vopršalová, Marie (referee)
Monitoring of the dispension of drugs with abuse potential in pharmacy Kristýna Zábranská Prof. MUDr. Zdeněk Fendrych Medication over the frame of standard treatment is a serious as well as underestimating problem. In the conseqeuncies it leads to hard medical and economic damage. Analysis of the dispension of prescription drugs with abuse potential (analgesics, benzodiazepines, nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics) in the pharmacy in 2006 confirmed that the consumption of this drugs is high, especially in the elderly (51 - 60 years). Group of the patients in this age was dispensed 72% of all dispensed drugs, that were monitoring. Monitored drugs were more frequently prescribed to women, in particular benzodiazepines. The three most prescribed substances were diazepam, alprazolam and bromazepam. In this sequence they were dispensed to women too. To the group of men there was the most often prescribed substance diazepam, zolpidem (Hypnogen) and tramadol (Tramal).
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The pharmacotherapy of epilepsy
Trávníčková, Jana ; Melicharová, Ludmila (advisor) ; Vopršalová, Marie (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of pharmacology and toxicology Candidate: Jana Trávníčková Supervisor: PharmDr. Ludmila Melicharová Title of diploma thesis: Pharmacotherapy of epilepsy Epilepsy is one of the most frequent central nervous system diseases. This disorder is characterized by repetitious epileptic spasms. Classic as well as modern antiepileptic medication is being used in nowadays therapy with various effects, indications and adverse effects. Pharmacotherapy must always be continuous and long-term based, sometimes even long-life. In some cases surgery treatment may be used. An important part of epileptic treatment is non-pharmacological processes. Even though we cannot wholly cure epilepsy by pharmacotherapical methods, nowadays possibilities of epileptic treatment enable us to improve quality of life of a patient and help them live their life without major limitations.
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Administration of cytostatic drugs and extravasation
Rohová, Marie ; Vopršalová, Marie (advisor) ; Pourová, Jana (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Králové Department of pharmacology and toxicology Candidate: Mgr. Marie Rohová Consultant: PharmDr. Marie Vopršalová, CSc. Title of Thesis: Administration of cytostatic drugs and extravasation Key words: extravasation of cytostatics, vesicants, irritants, specific measures This thesis deals with the issue of extravasation in intravenous administration of cytostatics in oncologic patients, as one of the most feared complication of cytostatic therapy, which may has a serious irreversible consequences for patients. Extravasation describes the unintended leakage of drug from vessel into surrounding tissues or the unintended instillation of drug directly into the perivascular tissues. The severity of tissue injuries depends on several factors, including the volume and concentration of the cytotoxic agent, the localization of extravasation, the sensitivity of the tissue and the vesicant potential of the cytotoxic agent. In order to avoid extravasation, the principles of safe drug use must be followed, and if extravasation occurs, the recommendations for the drug should be known and followed. This is the only way to prevent serious damage to the patient, or significantly reduce the consequences. The experimental...
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Pharmacology of LSD
Fencl, František ; Pourová, Jana (advisor) ; Vopršalová, Marie (referee)
Hallucinogenic drug LSD was synthesized for the first time in the research institute of the Sandoz company in Basilei in 1938. Its discoverer, Albert Hofmann was interested in ergot alkaloids and modification of their basic structural component - lysergic acid. With the aim of obtaining a chemical compound of therapeutic quality, he prepared his twenty-fifth derivative of lysergic acid named LSD-25. Psychical effects of this drug were discovered five years later, in 1943. From this moment on, LSD was the subject of investigation in many pharmacological and clinical studies. A very strong effect on the human psyche based on the damage of perception and mind as well as alienation from the real world was observed. Although the effect of LSD on the human organism, including its effective doses, ability to induce addiction and other pharmacological parameters have been assessed in a number of studies, the exact mechanism of this effect remains unexplained. It was demonstrated that LSD is capable of affecting the deepest centres of human emotions, and look inside the human soul with their help. This effect was later used in clinical psychotherapy for the treatment of some psychical disorders with very good results. However, the cases of LSD abuse and acts of violence or crime due to this drug were...
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Evaluation of the Effect of Quinazoline Derivatives in Isolated Rat Trachea
Valíčková, Lucie ; Vopršalová, Marie (advisor) ; Herink, Josef (referee)
Vasicine is a quinazoline alkaloid contained in the plant Justicia adhatoda (syn. Adhatoda Vasic, Acanthaceae). The Indian plant is already used for thousands of years in traditional Indian medicine to treat asthma in particular (4). The aim of presented work was to determine the bronchodilatatory effect of new derivatives of 4-hydroxyquinazoline, respetively VN-011 (4-[2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethoxy]quinazoline) and VN-013 (4-[2-(1- methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethylsulfanyl]quinazoline). The survey relaxing activity test substances, we used the methodology isolated rat trachea, which was contracted by carbachol at concentration of 10-5 M and maximum relaxation at the end of the experiment was induced by theophylline in concentration of 10-2 M. Using GraphPad the DRC, we examined substances calculated curves of EC50 (1494,0 mol/l for VN-011 a 692,0 mol/l for VN-013) Our obtained results were compared with standard drug theophylline - EC50 was taken from the thesis (27). Both the tested derivatives (with ethoxy- and etylsufanyl fragment) showed by comparing of EC50 significantly higher dilatatory effects on smooth muscle of the trachea in rats than theophylline.
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The current contraceptive options
Stibůrková, Martina ; Vopršalová, Marie (advisor) ; Hronek, Miloslav (referee)
My academic dissertation is about the use of different methods of contraception in the field. This study is based on questionnaires which were distributed to two groups. The first being girls studying in a Medical Assistant School with specialization in Pharmacological Studies. The second being Pharmacological University students. Both groups were asked same questions. The aim of the study was to find out which types of contraceptions are being used, how content they are with the products, and to what degree they are informed. I focused on medicaments being used currently, as well as the relationship between the girls and their gynaecologists. I covered the interaction of medicaments. I also examined smoking with contraception pills and the dilemma of long-term use of hormonal contraception pills, and the adverse effects of both. The questionnaires were compared between the two groups.
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Comparison of the effects of substances (VN 004 and VN 009) from derivative of vasicin on model of isolated trachea.
Vrátná, Sandra ; Vopršalová, Marie (advisor) ; Pourová, Jana (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Candidate: Mgr. Sandra Vrátná Supervisor: PharmDr. Marie Vopršalová, Csc. Name thesis: Comparison of the effects of substances (VN 004 and VN 009) from derivative of vasicin on model of isolated trachea The aim of the thesis was to determine the in vitro activity of relaxing two structural modifications quinazoline alkaloids VN 004 (4- dimetylaminoetylsulfanylchinazolin) and VN 009 (N- [2- (piperidin-1-yl) ethyl] quinazolin-4-amine) on smooth muscle isolated rat trachea. They tested synthetic materials were derived from alkaloids vasicin and vasicinone contained in bushes Adhatoda vasica. On isolated rat trachea we were observed cumulative relaxation effect of single doses of the aforementioned compounds. From the measured values it was clearly evident that these synthetic quinazoline derivatives demonstrated on isolated rat trachea relaxing effect. Derivates with ethylaminfragment VN 009 was less effective derivative, but even so, demonstrated a greater activity than the standard theophylline. Conversely, stronger relaxation effect reported from the second derivatives with ethylsulfanyl fragment VN 004, the value of ED50 was 32.5 times lower than the ED50 of theophylline.
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