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Reproductive modes in large Branchiopoda (Crustacea) and their effect on genetic structure of populations
Šimková, Zuzana ; Sacherová, Veronika (advisor) ; Straková, Barbora (referee)
This bachelor's thesis focuses on the influence of the reproductive systems of four groups of so-called large branchiopods (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) on genetic variability in their populations. The groups include the orders of fairy shrimp (Anostraca), tadpole shrimp (Notostraca), clam shrimp (Spinicaudata), and conchostracans (Laevicaudata). This thesis primarily examines the populations in Europe. Reproductive strategies are one of the key factors that influence the genetic variability of populations. Other factors include historical events such as the breakup of the supercontinents Gondwana and Pangea and the last ice age, along with its associated processes (such as the colonization of new habitats after the end of the last ice age, etc.) The most genetically variable populations in Europe are gonochoristic (Branchipus schaefferi, Phallocryptus spinosa, Triops mauritanicus, Leptestheria dahalacensis, and Lynceus brachyurus), followed by populations with other reproductive systems. Based on current knowledge, some gonochoristic species and species utilizing a different reproductive system are divided into multiple genetic lineages. Depending on the historical processes, these lineages were most likely separated before the last ice age. Therefore, the current geographical distribution of lineages...
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Evolution of brain size and encephalization in birds
Straková, Barbora ; Němec, Pavel (advisor) ; Landová, Eva (referee)
Vertebrates show dramatic interspecific variation in the size of their brains. Large and complex brains evolved independently in birds and mammals. Despite many fundamental differences in their anatomical organization, recent evidence indicates that extensive regions of the avian cerebrum are homologous to pallial components of the mammalian brain. Birds have brains that are comparable in their relative size to the brains of mammals, and much larger than the brains of non avian reptiles. However, the selection pressures that have driven evolution of avian brains remain poorly understood. Comparative analyses identified various traits such as body size, metabolic rate, maternal investment, parental care, prolonged development, mating system and migratory behaviour as important correlates of relative brain size. By contrast, there seems to be a little evidence that sociality favour the evolution of large brains in birds. It has also been shown that particular behaviours such as song learning or food-hoarding correlate with size of those brain regions that participate in these behaviours. Future studies should not only look for novel determinants of brain size but also include known correlates and utilize path analysis modelling to describe the direct, indirect and spurious dependencies among these...
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Evolution of brain size in birds
Straková, Barbora ; Němec, Pavel (advisor) ; Remeš, Vladimír (referee)
Vertebrates show dramatic interspecific variation in the size of their brains. The complexity of brains is considered to be the key factor of evolutionary success in Vertebrates, and therefore an evolutionary trend towards increasing brain size and coplexity is assumed. Large and complex brains evolved independently in birds and mammals. Birds have brains that are comparable in their relative size to the brains of mammals. However, in stark contrast to mammals, there is no general trend towards increase of brain size in birds. Relatively large brains have evolved independently in many avian lineages. Highly encephalised orders are parrots (Psittaciformes), woodpeckers and relatives (Piciformes), hornbills, hoopoe and wood hoopoes (Bucerotiformes), owls (Strigiformes), storks (Ciconiiformes) and several families of songbirds (Passeriformes), mainly bowerbirds (Ptilorhynchidae) and corvids (Corvidae). Otherhighlyencephalizedgroupsarenon-parasiticcuckoos(genusCentropus,Phaenicophaeus and Coua) and family Diomeidea and genus Pelecanus belonging to the clade water birds. Less encephalized groups include the basal lineages such as paleognaths and fowl (Galloanserae), and also pigeons (Columbiformes) and swifts, treeswifts and hummingbirds (Apodiformes). We suggest that this mosaic evolution is result of...
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Evolution of brain size and encephalization in birds
Straková, Barbora ; Němec, Pavel (advisor) ; Landová, Eva (referee)
Vertebrates show dramatic interspecific variation in the size of their brains. Large and complex brains evolved independently in birds and mammals. Despite many fundamental differences in their anatomical organization, recent evidence indicates that extensive regions of the avian cerebrum are homologous to pallial components of the mammalian brain. Birds have brains that are comparable in their relative size to the brains of mammals, and much larger than the brains of non avian reptiles. However, the selection pressures that have driven evolution of avian brains remain poorly understood. Comparative analyses identified various traits such as body size, metabolic rate, maternal investment, parental care, prolonged development, mating system and migratory behaviour as important correlates of relative brain size. By contrast, there seems to be a little evidence that sociality favour the evolution of large brains in birds. It has also been shown that particular behaviours such as song learning or food-hoarding correlate with size of those brain regions that participate in these behaviours. Future studies should not only look for novel determinants of brain size but also include known correlates and utilize path analysis modelling to describe the direct, indirect and spurious dependencies among these...
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Business Plan
Straková, Barbora ; Fiala, Roman (advisor) ; Řepová, Helena (referee)
This masters thesis is focused on the theoretical description of the business plan creation and is devided into chapters where the plan is described in details. The theoretical part contains an explanation of legal issues of the real estate renting. The practical part is focused on practical application and is designed as an instruction how to do the business in this area. The target of this thesis is the business plan creation. Financial analysis will reveal if the plan is to be realized and if it is payable. Analysis of the market, included in the plan, is focused on customer behaviour and competitors analysis. Analyses of internal and external environment are focused on the factors which affect the market position of the business.
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Intercultural Communication and Cooperation in the Context of the Czech – Spanish Business Environment
Straková, Barbora ; Nový, Ivan (advisor) ; Dědina, Jiří (referee) ; Castillo, David Andrés (referee)
The main aim of this dissertation thesis is to explore a different view and contribute to the research in the area of the intercultural communication and cooperation. In this thesis we are trying to examine two different cultures from the point of view of the cultural standards. To be able to gain a comparable and trustful outcome, the research was conducted on a specific group of Czech and Spanish business managers and employees. The main common characteristic of the members of this specific group was determined based on at least half a year of interactive communication within Czech -- Spanish international cooperation. Given the current situation of the increasing globalization process, compounded by integrating cultures, we believe that the above mentioned topic is highly valuable for daily management skills and employees' relations. We find it very important to pay more attention and give more thought to this issue, as the correct communication is one of key means to successful business management and cooperation. It is obvious that misunderstandings in communication and cooperation within the managing teams might lead to fatal breakdowns. It is no longer possible to overlook the strong influence of the globalization process. This fact should be taken into a serious consideration by leaders of the universities and multicultural companies. This should be followed by the integration of new management methods corresponding to the changes and new influences in multicultural entities. With respect to the structure and wide range of the changes brought into the companies by the globalization process, it was a real challenge to fulfill the goals of this dissertation thesis based on the realized qualitative examination research. An important output of this research is the identification of key differences within the above specified tested group. These differences arise from specific thinking and behavior which lead to different attitudes in regards to managing both life situations and a professional career. Based on these findings, we suggest classifying the Czechs and the Spanish into particular existing theoretical models. Good understanding of the key differences coupled with the theoretical knowledge allows us to suggest some suitable recommendation, tips and tricks for a better mutual communication among Czech and Spanish managers and employees on both professional and personal levels.
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Vlivy cestovního ruchu na národní hospodářství ve srovnání Česká republika ? Chorvatsko
Straková, Barbora ; Janáček, Kamil (advisor) ; Halás, Vladimír (referee)
Tato diplomová práce se především zabývá vztahem národního hospodářství a cestovního ruchu, jejich vzájemného vymezení a působení. Velký prostor je také věnován satelitnímu účtu cestovního ruchu, který slouží jako nástroj ke statistickému zachycení těchto vlivů. Toto téma je dále pak z praktického hlediska znázorněno na dvou ukázkových zemích, na České republice a Chorvatsku. Po uvedení do problematiky, která je obsahem první kapitoly, je v druhé kapitole nastíněn vývoj cestovního ruchu ve světě a jeho pohled do budoucnosti. Třetí kapitola rozebírá satelitní účet cestovního ruchu, jeho metodologii, tvorbu, aplikaci a výsledky v obou srovnávaných zemích, a to jak z pohledu národních tak mezinárodních statistik. Ve čtvrté kapitole jsou samostatně analyzovány jednotlivé vlivy cestovního ruchu na národní hospodářství s konkrétní ukázkou v obou výše zmíněných zemích. Poslední kapitola obsahuje srovnání České republiky a Chorvatska dle mezinárodní statistik.
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