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Characteristics of tax havens and their users
Sovičová, Veronika ; Janský, Petr (advisor) ; Poláková, Nikol (referee)
The purpose of the thesis is to address the characteristics of the countries that tend to engage in tax haven practices - both tax havens and their users. In the descriptive part of the thesis, we review a number of common traits of the countries that become tax havens. We mostly focus on the features other than those directly related to provision of financial services, such as bank secrecy or low/non-existent tax rates. Our primary interest are the characteristics that may contribute to the adoption of tax haven status. Subsequently, we employ the method of ordinary least squares to examine the traits of the countries that use tax haven services. Specifically, we are interested whether countries with certain characteristics tend to own greater shares of global offshore wealth than others. We include the traits such as corruption, top marginal income tax rates, inflation, GDP, or country's distance from Switzerland to examine the relationship. Some of our most interesting findings are that top marginal income tax rates are negatively correlated with the offshore-held amount of wealth and, contrary to common belief, more corrupt countries appear to have lower offshore wealth shares.
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Country-by-country Reporting Data of Firms in Extractive Industries
Batíková, Marta ; Janský, Petr (advisor) ; Poláková, Nikol (referee)
This thesis studies the mandatorily published data of companies in extractive industries, listing their payments to governments by types and countries, where the payments were paid. The first aspect of the thesis contains a comparison with the data describing the same phenomenon available before these mandatory reports were published and compares the competitiveness of extractive industries on national markets using the concentration Herfindahl-Hirschman Index. Then it estimates by different approaches the effect of tax rate and country's macroeconomic indicators on payments paid by companies from extractive industries and sum of payments collected by the government from the extractive sector. The econometric analyses using the panel data with significant results suggest that the corporate income tax has a negative parabolic effect on the elasticity of all types of payments summed by countries as well as on the elasticity of the collected taxes from the extractive industries.
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Airbnb taxation
Luková, Veronika ; Poláková, Nikol (advisor) ; Šťastná, Lenka (referee)
Airbnb is an internet platform that provides mediation of accommodation operating according to the principles of a shared economy. Because it is a new type of business, it is an environment with very limited regulation, but it has a big influence on the housing market. Especially in Prague, which currently lacks flats for long-term lease. This thesis is to be the very first to provide a unique view of the Prague market and then it discusses possible ways of regulation in the form of taxation of professional hosts. At the same time, the thesis analyzes determinants of the price of accommodation using the hedonic model. These results are then used to estimate the host revenue. According to the results, the regulation and form of taxation should be supplemented by a maximum short-term rental period of 135 days per year, so that the owners of the property are motivated to rent it out primarily for long-term.
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Determinants of Web-Based CSR Disclosure in the Retail Sector of the Czech Republic
Mjartanová, Viktória ; Gregor, Martin (advisor) ; Poláková, Nikol (referee)
A b s tra c t Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is an engaging, momentous aspect of current business practices. Firm s may build and reinforce stakeholder relationships by taking part in CSR projects. Companies, operating in the retail trade sector, may be of special interest as they aim to communicate w ith the general public, as potential customers. One may thus concentrate on observing their corporate social responsibility disclosure from commonly available inform ation. Furthermore, to the best of our knowledge, only few studies document the corporate social responsibility efforts of firm s in the Czech Republic. More research w ith this regard can hence provide new insights. We thus investigate the determinants of web-based CSR effort disclosure of retailing firm s in the Czech Republic. The linear probability model, probit as well as logit are used in the analysis, together w ith a set of sub-sector, organizational, legal and financial explanatory variables. We find evidence of a positive relationship between the probability of CSR effort disclosure and E B IT . We also find some evidence th a t net debt, net profit, RO A as well as firm age are positively related to firm CSR effort reporting.
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