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The liability of the carrier in international carriage of goods (focused on carriage of goods by sea)
Lojda, Jiří ; Pauknerová, Monika (advisor) ; Dolanská Bányaiová, Lucie (referee) ; Poláček, Bohumil (referee)
The liability of the carrier in international carriage of goods is a classical issue, which is well known, but still actual. The increasing intensity of international trade has impact on the demand for the transport services. Different rules in different legal systems constitute a hindrance for a proper functioning of international transport services. Nowadays, this problem is well solved by the international conventions containing certain rules, regarding contract of carriage in international transport of goods. However, these conventions govern the contract of carriage only in particular mode of transport which is the reason why it is necessary to describe the liability of the carrier in all these particular modes of transport. The starting point of this thesis is to describe the applicable sets of rules, which can govern the contract of carriage in international transport. Today, the relation among these sets of rules can appear be genuinely complicated. The most crucial point seems to solve the problem of relation between the conventions containing certain rules regarding contract of carriage and the legislation of the EU. In the EU, the most important sets of rules are Regulation (EC) No. 593/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 June 2008 on the law applicable to...
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World Trade Organization and European Union - the International Trade Aspects of their Relationship
Nasková, Dominika ; Pauknerová, Monika (advisor) ; Dolanská Bányaiová, Lucie (referee) ; Poláček, Bohumil (referee)
World Trade Organization and European Union - the International Trade Aspects of their Relationship The purpose of this thesis is to provide an overall and comparative insight into the relation of the World Trade Organization and the European Union, both being the most influential entities in scope of international trade. The relationship of these two organizations is complex and needs to be assessed with regard to various circumstances - primarily, there is a questionable relationship between the legal systems of those entities, complicated by the attitude of the European Union towards the law (or agreements) of the World Trade Organization. Secondly, both the European Union and the World Trade Organization represent individual and separate entities acting in the area of international trade and thirdly, the European Union is a Member of the World Trade Organization. All these dimensions play a key role when defining the relationship between those entities. The thesis commences (first chapter) with the overview of the development of international trade and organizations with the purpose of regulating this area. Second and third chapter deal with basic terms relating to the World Trade Organization and the European Union - their development, instruments, aims and forecasts. World Trade Organization...
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Alternative Dispute Resolution focusing on Mediation
Doležalová, Martina ; Pauknerová, Monika (advisor) ; Balaš, Vladimír (referee) ; Poláček, Bohumil (referee)
This dissertation focuses in particular on a subject matter, that is relatively new in the Czech environment. It is mediation in civil (noncriminal) matters, governed by Act 202/2012 Coll. The author classifies it as one of the several methods of alternative dispute resolution. In the second part of her work she analyzes the med-arb method. In the third part of the dissertation, the author analyzes the mediation process itself, and specifically focuses on its legal aspects. The fourth part of the dissertation includes a comparative study of selected countries, in the field of civil law (Austria, Italy, Netherlands, Germany, France, Belgium, Slovakia) and the Anglo-Saxon law (UK). The fifth part of the dissertation analyzes the Czech legislation. The author suggests adjustments de lege ferenda as well as amendments that do not require any changes of the law, but that can be addressed through the interpretation of individual provisions. The author complements her work with a selection of foreign cases, as the Czech case law has been completely missing so far. The work ends with an analysis of the Code of Conduct for Lawyers-Mediators, which will be currently published for lawyers - registered mediators.
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Arbitration
Čeladník, Filip ; Winterová, Alena (advisor) ; Růžička, Květoslav (referee) ; Poláček, Bohumil (referee)
1 The purpose of this thesis is to discuss the main aspects of the Czech legal regulation of the arbitration proceeding under the view of the particular Western European national and international legal orders. By doing so, the author strives for critical review of the arbitration proceeding as per the Czech legal order under the worldwide perspectives and with the prism of modern Western European and world legal theory of the arbitration proceeding. The intention of such research is to determine if the contemporary Czech legal regulation of the arbitration proceeding is in conformity with the modern theory and practice of the arbitration proceeding. This thesis also aims to answer a question whether the Czech courts shall have the right to review the application of law by the arbitrators. The author is seeking to answer this question by comparing the the Czech, or rather Continental system of law with the law of England and Wales.
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Liability of Carriage by Contract Types
Poláček, Bohumil ; Frinta, Ondřej (advisor) ; Lederer, Vít (referee)
The aim of the thesis was to describe and compare relations arising from carriage of persons or articles, namely liability of contracting parties according to individual contractual types. Another goal was to compare individual principles of liability. Kinds of liability of the contracting parties ensuring carriage services by the contract type are as follows: (1) carrier - carriage of the person (a) timeliness of carriage, (b) damage to health, (c) damage to baggage carried with the passenger, (d) damage to the article which the passenger had with him during carriage (e) damage to baggage carried separately from the passenger; (2) carrier - carriage of goods a) loss of consignment, b) destruction of consignment, c) damage to consignment, d) depreciation of consignment, e) exceeding delivery time; (3) operator; (a) incapacity of the means of transport; (b) damage caused by operation of the means of transport; (4) lessor - incapacity of the means of transport; (5) storage provider - storage and custody of articles; (6) freight forwarder - provision of carriage; (7) mandatory - informing the mandator about true fulfillment of his order. Reasons to be relieved of liability apply to all contracting parties providing carriage services. Reasons to be relieved of liability may be unprivileged (common...
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Case law influence on Czech national and international arbitration proceedings
Sedloňová, Věra ; Růžička, Květoslav (advisor) ; Müller, Milan (referee) ; Poláček, Bohumil (referee)
Case law influence on Czech national and international arbitration Proceedings Abstract Arbitration proceedings represent, besides civil judicial procedures, one of the methods for solution of material disputes in private-law relations. Arbitration proceedings have been used for quite a long time. In our territory they were used already under the rule of Charles IV. For example, Jakub Krčín and Štěpánek Netolický, who were well-known artificial lake engineers, belonged among highly appreciated arbitrators. Significant development of arbitration proceedings was registered after 1949, when the Steady Arbitration Court was established at the Czechoslovak Chamber of Commerce in May 1949 and exists up to now under the name "Arbitration Court attached to the Czech Chamber of Commerce and the Agricultural Chamber of the Czech Republic". Legal regulation of arbitration proceedings was undergoing various changes. A principal change occurred in 1964, when the Act no. 98/1963 Coll., on arbitration proceedings in international trade and on enforcement of arbitration awards entered into force, admitting arbitration proceedings only in international trade relations and only for legal entities, at that time foreign trade enterprises. Another principal change then occurred as at 1 January 2015, the effective date of the...
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International trade in pharmaceuticals
Šmíd, Jindřich ; Růžička, Květoslav (advisor) ; Müller, Milan (referee) ; Poláček, Bohumil (referee)
International trade in pharmaceuticals Abstract The purpose of this thesis is to provide an analysis of the human pharmaceuticals international trade. This work examines the general questions of the diagonal relationships between states and private foreign pharmaceutical companies because there are a lot of many specific problems too. The author also focuses on questions concerning the contractual relationships of many stakeholders. There are many opportunities to beginning new directions in research innovative medicines and personalized medicine, but there are dangerous situations for the generic pharmaceutical market. Only a comprehensive knowledge and understanding of these relationships are efficient to develop new pathways to solving problems. The hypothesis of this dissertation text is the concept of efficiency good relationships to the stable distribution of the pharmaceutical products. There are many aspects of the relationships between stakeholders with possibility influencing of the final benefit from the business. Problems result from different interest, strength or weakness of stakeholders. In essence speaking, this thesis is divided into three parts. At first, with regard to our membership in the European Union, it was necessary to make the analysis some legislation of the European Union which...
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Arbitration
Čeladník, Filip ; Winterová, Alena (advisor) ; Růžička, Květoslav (referee) ; Poláček, Bohumil (referee)
1 The purpose of this thesis is to discuss the main aspects of the Czech legal regulation of the arbitration proceeding under the view of the particular Western European national and international legal orders. By doing so, the author strives for critical review of the arbitration proceeding as per the Czech legal order under the worldwide perspectives and with the prism of modern Western European and world legal theory of the arbitration proceeding. The intention of such research is to determine if the contemporary Czech legal regulation of the arbitration proceeding is in conformity with the modern theory and practice of the arbitration proceeding. This thesis also aims to answer a question whether the Czech courts shall have the right to review the application of law by the arbitrators. The author is seeking to answer this question by comparing the the Czech, or rather Continental system of law with the law of England and Wales.
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Electronic commerce from a private international law perspective
Kurilova, Elena ; Růžička, Květoslav (advisor) ; Poláček, Bohumil (referee) ; Zahradníčková, Marie (referee)
Electronic commerce from a private international law perspective The objective of this thesis is to study how the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) is applied in the field of electronic commerce and compare it to the United Nations Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts in regard to the prevailing tendency to remove legal barriers to electronic commerce. The comparison is made in terms of geographic and material scope, forms of contract and how contracts are formed. An analysis of conditions and obstacles to the application of the CISG within the field of electronic commerce represents the core of the work. The thesis is based on the assumption that the Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts is an instrument which helps to overcome identified obstacles. The thesis formulates a conclusion on overcoming just one of the obstacles on the basis of the principle of technological neutrality, and it further demonstrates that the requirement of being in written form may remain an obstacle. As such, the thesis is a response to the question of why the Convention is signed and ratified by a relatively small number of states.
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International law aspects of tort liability on the internet
Vondřich, Lukáš ; Pauknerová, Monika (advisor) ; Poláček, Bohumil (referee) ; Kunz, Oto (referee)
The technological development of recent years has brought not only new forms of electronic communication and social phenomena, but also a number of legal questions. As the internet creates a parallel cyberspace, a number of traditional legal rules have been called into question, including the rules for determination of court jurisdiction and governing law. This area is discussed in this dissertation thesis. The goal of this thesis is to identify problematic moments of interpretation and application of existing rules of private international law in the context of cross- border delicts on the internet and to find suitable solutions if they exist. Regarding methodology, this thesis uses the analytical approach, in particular in relation to case law and legal regulations. It is complemented by the comparative method, regarding evolution in time and regarding various legal cultures. The first chapter deals with the phenomena of digital information, the internet and the related philosophical or social areas, such as virtuality or cyberspace. The second chapter deals with legal regulation of the internet, censorship and the special position of certain providers of information services. In the third chapter there are defined the concepts of delict and delictual liability, with emphasis of this institute in...
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