|
|
Latin West mirrored by the Byzantine historiography (6th-8th centuries)
Bakyta, Ján ; Drška, Václav (advisor) ; Picková, Dana (referee) ; Bednaříková, Jarmila (referee)
The basic aim of the thesis is to investigate whether the Romans of the East (Byzantines) during the 6th to the 8th centuries were interested in the Latin west and the imperial rule over it. In the first part of the work, the various discourses concerning the origins of the Justinianic conquest or reconquest of Africa and Italy articulated in the contemporary sources are identified and evaluated; the only one which cannot be shown or supposed to have been officially articulated is the discourse of a source of Pseudo-Zachariah Scholasticus which makes African and maybe also Italian exulants complaining in the imperial court about the local rulers responsible for the Vandal and Gothic wars. After some other preliminary studies (e.g. concerning the so-called problem of Theodericʼs constitutional position), it is concluded that the emperor Justinian was not interested in an ideologically founded restoration of the empire, but made the western wars because of his contacts with western aristocrats. In the second part of the thesis, the presentation of the Justinianic western wars and western events or realities in the works of the Byzantine historians from Marcellinus Comes and Procopius to Theophylactus Simocatta (the 6th to the early 7th centuries) is investigated and an attempt is made to explore...
|
|
|
First Crusade from the Perspective of the East
Petr, Štěpán ; Picková, Dana (advisor) ; Drška, Václav (referee)
The present thesis deals with the image of the First Crusade and its participants portrayed by sources of eastern origin. It focuses mainly on Alexias and the personality and motivation of its author Anna Komnene. It studies her point of view in the context of situation of Byzantine Empire and general relations between the west and the east in the beginning of the era of Crusades.
|
|
|
Byzantine Princesses in Russia
Benďáková, Alena ; Picková, Dana (advisor) ; Smrž, Pavel (referee)
Ties between Kievan Rus and the Byzantine Empire in the 9th and 10th centuries were mainly of a trade and military nature. The situation had changed however, at the close of the 10th century. Not only had the Kievan Prince Vladimir Sviatoslavich adopted Christianity from Constantinople, he had also taken to wife, Anna Porphyrogenita, the Byzantine princess and sister of Basil II Bulgaroktonos. Vladimir's marriage to a princess born to imperial purple signified a great honour for the Rurik dynasty, an honour not achieved even by the emperor Otto I who requested the hand in marriage of the Byzantine purpleborn or Porphyrogenitus for his son Otto II. Anna also brought her craftsmen and priests with her to Russia, they helped christianize the country. The craftsmen taught local builders to build large stone churches and decorate them with mosaics and frescoes. The introduction of christianity also saw the spread of the culture of the written word. Another Byzantine princess in Rus was the mother of Vladimir II Monomakh, of whom we have very little knowledge. There is a legend relating to relics connected to his nick-name which he took from his mother after the emperor Constantine IX. The so called legend of Monomakh relics became important in the period between the 15th and 16th centuries, when the great Moscow...
|
|
|
Expansion of arianism in early medieval Europe
Jungmannová, Barbora ; Suchánek, Drahomír (advisor) ; Picková, Dana (referee)
(in English): The thesis deals with the history of arianism. It emphasizes the historical and theology-philosohical conext of arianism, which is essential for understanding the whole topic and especially for understanding the development of the early Christians' faith. It outlines how the early Christians perceived their faith, which is important in order to grasp the basic principles and understanding of early beliefs also outlines the context of late antique philosophy that influenced the theological-philosophical framework of orthodoxy and arianism itself. The text of the thesis focuses on the political situation in Europe at the end of antiquity, the rise of arianism in the first half of the fourth century and its dispute with orthodoxy, whose dogma has been defined during the council of Constantinople (381). Already before the beginning of second council in Constantinople arianism started to spread through the barbarian tribes, the Goths, Vandals and Burgundians to the West, where it was incorporated into the policy of tribal States. Thanks to these tribes arianism survived in the West until the sixth century. The thesis brings incentive for further research of Arianism in the context of religious and political relations in the Western and Eastern parts of the Roman Empire in the early Middle Ages.
|
|
|
Conquest of Constantinople 1204 and 1453
Hartl, Josef ; Picková, Dana (advisor) ; Suchánek, Drahomír (referee)
The goal of this thesis is the comparison of the Latin conquest of Constantinople by the troops of the Fourth Crusade in 1204 and the Ottoman Turks in 1453. Both of these milestones in the history of the Byzantine Empire meant a huge disaster and its aftermath had a profound impact on all structures of Byzantine society. Constantinople - political, spiritual and cultural center of Byzantium - thanks to its monumental system of its walls resisted many attempts to its conquer and this fact must necessarily set the enquiry of why in these two cases, the city defense failed. In this work I tried to dismantle both of falls in the widespread context of comparison and is not only a military and strategic point of view, where the differences between these events is evident. The Crusaders, which in 1204 conquered Constantinople, in any case could not be measured with a huge and highly disciplined army of the Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II. I focused on theme besiegers and their behavior to Romans. With well-known stereotype that crusaders meant to Constantinople greater disaster than the Ottoman Turks, one could argue. Recent findings of current historians refutes this general opinion and refer primarily to the fact that the Crusaders did not destroyed Byzantium, while successful attack Mehmed II. of...
|
|
|
Religious question as a factor of disintegration of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Laube, Pavel ; Stellner, František (advisor) ; Picková, Dana (referee)
The major purpose of this study is to analyze principles of the multiconfessional society in the early modern Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. I focus mainly on conflicts between elites of the different religion which I analyze through the concept of collective identities. The main target group of the analysis is the highest political elite of the Commonwealth. Through examples of the leading magnates from Lithuania and Ukraine I show the relation between different collective identities, loyalties and political pragmatism in the time of political crisis after the year 1648. My question is, how far different religion influenced formation of the political camps and behaviour of magnates in this age. I conclude that religion was an important factor in forming of the opposition groups and conflicts but one can not see the magnate society strictly devided between confessional groups. The different religion played an important role if it merged with other collective identities such as class, regional or national identity. This was the case of the conflict in Ukraine.
|
|
|
Intellectual background of the court of Catherine II. the Great
Hrebiková, Anežka ; Stellner, František (advisor) ; Picková, Dana (referee)
The aim of this presented Bachelor's work is to familiarise potential readers with the intellectual development status of the Russian Empire during the reign of Catherine II the Great through an analysis of the influence of intellectuals within and close to the czarina. Attention is devoted to the central position of the czarina itself as an intellectual centre and to activities of important scientific institutions and main scientific disciplines. The work also focuses on the origin and nationalities of intellectuals (Russians, Germans, and other nationalities), the development of education and individual cultural fields. The activities of freemasons and their contacts and relationship with the czarina and role of female intellectuals are also presented. Emphasis is placed on issues regarding the social origin of Russian intellectuals and the degree of their dependence on the state.
|
|
|
Girolamo Savonarola - the man at the turn of the ages
Banďouch, Pavel ; Suchánek, Drahomír (advisor) ; Picková, Dana (referee)
The presented thesis deals with issues related to the life and activities of Girolamo Savonarola. Main attention is paid to the second half of the 15th century. However, these times are not perceived and considered as a closed period of time, but in the context of the historical development of individual themes. Particular attention is paid mainly to the political situation in Florence, and subsequently in Italy, since the so-called peace in Lodi up to the coronation of Charles V. in Bologna; to the creation of papal monarchy after the Council of Constance; to the construction of the Papal State; to the reform of the Order of Preachers and to the phenomenon of prophecy in Renaissance. The key aim is to demonstrate that, despite the original elements in Savonarola's thinking and his opinions, there can be traced certain continuity with both preceding and upcoming processes and fates to the main events of his tenure and his deeds. Keywords Savonarola, renaissance, prophecy, Papal state
|
|
|
Henricus de Isernia from the view of his epistolar dictamina
Dienstbier, Jan ; Drška, Václav (advisor) ; Picková, Dana (referee)
The thesis deals with the personality and the oeuvre of Henry of Isernia (Henricus de Isernia) an Italian emigrant who came to Prague at the beginning of the seventies of 13th century. In the introductory chapters we summarize the literature dealing with the subject so far, introduce the ars dictaminis, a medieval theory of letter writing, and try to nd Henry's place in the evolution of the discipline. One of the main topic of the thesis is the question how ars dictaminis appeared in Czech lands and whether played any role on the court of Ottokar II. From this point we move our attention to the Henry's involvement in the ghibellin movement of the late 13th century. Finally, we examine the cultural aspects of selected pieces from the epistolary, namely the set of erotic dictaminas speaking about the palace of Venus. We argue that they have to be viewed as satyric a anticlerical pamphlets and we show their connection with other pieces of the epistolary.
|
|
|
The Image of Ivan the Terrible in Stalin's Russia
Lhotáková, Veronika ; Picková, Dana (advisor) ; Smrž, Pavel (referee)
The present thesis deals with the image of Tsar Ivan the Terrible in Stalin's Russia. It analyzes the characteristics of his personality in the older Russian and Soviet historiography. It focuses on his portrayal in art, especially in film Ivan the Terrible by Sergei Mikhailovich Eisenstein. It deals with the emergence and the general acceptance of this film during World War II. It assesses its historical credibility, ideological expression and artistic significance.
|
guest ::
