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Performance of the system for energy utilization from biomass
Koláček, Richard ; Máša, Vítězslav (referee) ; Pavlas, Martin (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with the problems associated with acquisition of experimental data from technological unit for biomass combustion with nominal capacity of 1 MW, with regard to determination of thermal efficiency. In the introduction part, parameters of currently available biomass-based fuels as well as of those with large potential in the future are summarized. Further, a review in the field of biomass combustion technology is given. Biomass boilers are compared according to their technical parameters, function and benefits and drawbacks. In theoretical part methods for determination of thermal efficiency by direct method, indirect method and modified indirect method are described. Main parameters influencing resultant values of efficiency are included into the analysis. In final part an evaluation of real operational data from prototype unit combusting wooden chips is made. Recommendations for further experimental data gathering and their processing with the aim to evaluate thermal efficiency are suggested.
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Intelligent Energy-Savings and Process Improvement Strategies in Energy-Intensive Industries
Teng, Sin Yong ; Professor, Ponnambalam Sivalinga Govindarajan, (referee) ; Pavlas, Martin (referee) ; Máša, Vítězslav (advisor)
S tím, jak se neustále vyvíjejí nové technologie pro energeticky náročná průmyslová odvětví, stávající zařízení postupně zaostávají v efektivitě a produktivitě. Tvrdá konkurence na trhu a legislativa v oblasti životního prostředí nutí tato tradiční zařízení k ukončení provozu a k odstavení. Zlepšování procesu a projekty modernizace jsou zásadní v udržování provozních výkonů těchto zařízení. Současné přístupy pro zlepšování procesů jsou hlavně: integrace procesů, optimalizace procesů a intenzifikace procesů. Obecně se v těchto oblastech využívá matematické optimalizace, zkušeností řešitele a provozní heuristiky. Tyto přístupy slouží jako základ pro zlepšování procesů. Avšak, jejich výkon lze dále zlepšit pomocí moderní výpočtové inteligence. Účelem této práce je tudíž aplikace pokročilých technik umělé inteligence a strojového učení za účelem zlepšování procesů v energeticky náročných průmyslových procesech. V této práci je využit přístup, který řeší tento problém simulací průmyslových systémů a přispívá následujícím: (i)Aplikace techniky strojového učení, která zahrnuje jednorázové učení a neuro-evoluci pro modelování a optimalizaci jednotlivých jednotek na základě dat. (ii) Aplikace redukce dimenze (např. Analýza hlavních komponent, autoendkodér) pro vícekriteriální optimalizaci procesu s více jednotkami. (iii) Návrh nového nástroje pro analýzu problematických částí systému za účelem jejich odstranění (bottleneck tree analysis – BOTA). Bylo také navrženo rozšíření nástroje, které umožňuje řešit vícerozměrné problémy pomocí přístupu založeného na datech. (iv) Prokázání účinnosti simulací Monte-Carlo, neuronové sítě a rozhodovacích stromů pro rozhodování při integraci nové technologie procesu do stávajících procesů. (v) Porovnání techniky HTM (Hierarchical Temporal Memory) a duální optimalizace s několika prediktivními nástroji pro podporu managementu provozu v reálném čase. (vi) Implementace umělé neuronové sítě v rámci rozhraní pro konvenční procesní graf (P-graf). (vii) Zdůraznění budoucnosti umělé inteligence a procesního inženýrství v biosystémech prostřednictvím komerčně založeného paradigmatu multi-omics.
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Economic indicators of sustainable urban development of medium-sized towns
Pavlas, Miroslav ; doc.Ing.Liběna Tetřevová,Ph.D. (referee) ; Šilhánková, Vladimíra (referee) ; Mgr. Michael Pondělíček,Ph.D. (referee) ; Koutný, Jan (advisor)
The aim of the thesis is to analyse how to measure an economic pillar of sustainable urban development when it is understood in terms of qualitative city development. This principly means achieving economic prosperity which does not lead to damage of the city areas and decrease the quality of life for its residents. This approach requires the creation of an appropriate set of indicators that will cover qualitative aspects of sustainable economic development. The first section summarizes existing approaches to the definition of sustainable development and ways of measuring both on the Czech and the international level. There are also defined basic characteristics of the urban development which are appropriate to express a qualitative development of the city. The second part is focused on existing ways in which sustainable development is measured, i.e. especially in the context of indicator sets. These are under detailed assessment which aim is to show how useful is to measure the economic sustainability from the qualitative point of view. In this part, the limits of using economic macro aggregates (especially Gross Domestic Product) is emphasized because there are still regarded as one of the key economic indicators of sustainable development. In the next part the thesis deals with the definition of economic prosperity and focuses on the characteristics typical for short, medium and long term perspective. Measurement of sustainable urban development in the short term is based on assessment of financial situation. From the medium-term point of view, it is crucial to assess how the city handles its property, i.e. mainly buildings and land. These property components are substantial for a further direction of city development. In the next section are designed indicators aimed at measuring the ability of the city to maintain a skilled workforce which is one of the most important conditions of long-term economic prosperity. The final theoretical part of the thesis is focused on how the long-term sustainable urban development is to be expressed in an economic way through the assessment of investments in urban infrastructure and its operational efficiency. The designed set of indicators is verified on case studies of three medium-sized Czech cities.
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Boilers with medium capacity for biomass combustion of czech and foreign production
Habán, Tomáš ; Kropáč, Jiří (referee) ; Pavlas, Martin (advisor)
The main objective of this work is to focus on biomass as one of the components of renewable energy sources for the production of thermal energy by combustion. The introduction of work maps the current state of biomass used in the Czech Republic. It evaluates options for future uses for biomass and also the size of the potential in the natural conditions of the Czech Republic. It also views this renewable resource from the point of view of energy conception and evaluace the government positron on this issue. Next part deals with the combustion of biomass and with the use of created thermal energy. It ruminate a problem of pollutants and shows values for emission limits results from the legislation. It shows ways of using this thermal energy and the associated production of electrical energy including an overview of the possibilities of its evaluation. The last part of this work describes a comparison between biomass boilers from Czech and foreign producers in the range of rated output 1 to 3 MW. It divides boilers in terms of legislation and shows the obligations and conditions attached to the operators of biomass boilers. It outlines the biggest application of boilers with medium capacity for biomass combustion in the Czech Republic.
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Conditions of Waste-made Fuel Combustion including legislative Requirement
Matoušek, Petr ; Pavlas, Martin (referee) ; Novotný, Pavel (advisor)
This bachelor’s thesis describes possibilities of usage of waste-made fuel from point of view of energetic utilisation in industry and power supply. There is a brief overview of energy resources structure, current situation in energy production and in waste management in Czech Republic. Particular types of waste-made fuels are also specified. One of the main parts of this work is fundamental analysis of legislation which governs waste management and alternative fuel usage. In the last part of the thesis the possibility of usage of mechanical-biological treatment as a waste management system is assessed.
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Process computer simulation
Čech, Michal ; Pavlas, Martin (referee) ; Touš, Michal (advisor)
The thesis deals with computer simulation of processes, which is crucial in the field of process engineering. In the first part, the methodology of modeling and simulation techniques is described as well as mass and energy balances. Specific approaches to process simulation are included. The thesis offers a list of the most often used simulation programs and their typical structure. Sequential modular and equation-based simulation is demonstrated on an example. The results are then verified by simulation software W2E.
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Potential of biomass resources in CZE and costs of its energy utilisation - II
Štěrba, Martin ; Pavlas, Martin (referee) ; Máša, Vítězslav (advisor)
In recent years, we are more and more confronted with the concepts of bio-energy, biomass or biofuels. In conjunction with the increasing pressure on the use of these commodities thein demand is increased. Crops for the purpose of energy production may be an important renewable source of energy and are the primary topic of the work submitted. Introductory chapter provides distribution, characteristics, list of representatives of crops and ways of energy utilisation the crops. Is folloved by an introduction to the legislation dealing with energy crops. The market for biofuels is still in its infancy, and therefore the work submitted presents only general view of the current status of the production and use in the Czech Republic and potential prospects. Interesting is also the position of farmers and the issue of competitiveness. These areas are collectively analyzed in the final chapters.
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Environmental aspect of optimal waste management design
Šťastná, Liliana ; Šomplák, Radovan (referee) ; Pavlas, Martin (advisor)
This bachelor thesis of research character is focused on a life cycle assessment method LCA (life cycle assessment), especially at impact assessment LCIA (life cycle impact assessment). At the beginning of this thesis, there is an introduction to LCA method and characterization of its stages with a closer focus on the LCIA and associated methodologies. The thesis characterizes basic categories of impact and also substances with immission limits that have an impact on the categories of impact. Then there is an evaluation of the quality of air in recent years and the emissions of the TERMIZO incinerator in Liberec.
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Cogeneration in units for thermal processing of biomass and waste
Uhmann, Petr ; Šomplák, Radovan (referee) ; Pavlas, Martin (advisor)
The diploma thesis deals with the cogeneration in units for thermal processing of biomass and waste. The theoretical part deals with the description of biomass and waste and energy recovery from these sources. In theoretical part is also focused on cogeneration and description of computational models of steam turbines. The practical part is focused on a specific calculation of the three steam turbines and comparison of computational models. On the base of the results is designed implementation of computational models to the simulation software W2E.
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Visualisation for risk models in logistics
Hamšík, Filip ; Pavlas, Martin (referee) ; Popela, Pavel (advisor)
This thesis focuses on development of web application for the visualization of waste transportation according to calculated data from optimization methods in GAMS application. Visualization shows the nodes and edges on Google Maps where it is possible to show more detailed information including diagrams and tables. The application provides filtering edges by their type, highlighting edges with dynamic setting, several different ways for user access and other features. Based on developed application there will be presented some recommendations applicable in future using of the model.
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