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Changes of city names in Russian Federation after politically active figures of the 20th century
Hudecová, Romana ; Nykl, Hanuš (advisor) ; Stranz-Nikitina, Veronika (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the phenomenon of political changes of town names, prevalent in the Soviet Union. It firstly discusses the causes and principles of changes in the names of Soviet towns closely linked with the nature of the Soviet political system, the history of the USSR, and other circumstances. The aim of this thesis has been limited to an examination of renaming the towns in the territory of the then RSFSR, which is divided according to the principles stated in the first part. The focus of the thesis is put on the alternations of town names reflecting major political figures of the time. Key words: History of USSR, cities in Russian Federation, toponymy, changes of town names
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Ivan Il'in's Concept of National Idea
Zemánek, Ladislav ; Nykl, Hanuš (advisor) ; Tumis, Stanislav (referee)
The thesis deals with the Russian thinker I. A. Il'in's lifework putting emphasis on social and political philosophy. In consideration of the coherence of all his lifework the thesis is also dedicated to Il'in's metaphysics, epistemology and moral philosophy interpretation and his philosophical method description. Il'in's concept of the Russian "national idea" and its position in the context of the thinker's philosophical system are analysed as well. The analysis of this concept is to indicate to what extend it could be of universal nature having a potentiality for general application. The thesis focuses on problems that have not been discussed in the Czech literature yet, although being topical, including Il'in's criticism of totalitarianism and Western democracy model, his specific conception of nationalism or emphasis on the legal consciousness and the legal state.
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Philosophical Work of Nikolai Lossky
Haicl, Matouš ; Nykl, Hanuš (advisor) ; Filová, Simona (referee)
This thesis presents the philosophical system of Nikolai Lossky. The thesis includes basic Lossky's biographical data and the philosophical system itself is interpreted from the point of view of three philosophical fields - gnoseology, metaphysics and ethics. Lossky was conceiving his system progressively with an emphasis on its inner interconnection. Firstly he formulated his study of intuition, by which he entered a dialogue with the European tradition because of his new concept of human cognition. Afterwards he postulated the dichotomy of two spheres of the world - the kingdom of God and the kingdom of dissension. A human being stands between these two worlds and theirs life mission is to find a way back to God. In the end there are presented some of the applications of Lossky's basic theses in a few shorter works and there is also a valuation of Lossky's contribution for today's philosophical tradition and possible perspectives of development of his thoughts.
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The concept of revolution in the work of N.A. Berdyaev
Belinson, Maria ; Nykl, Hanuš (advisor) ; Tumis, Stanislav (referee)
This thesis is focused on a concept of revolution in writings of Russian philosopher Nikolai Berdyaev. It starts with general characteristics of a philosopher's works and special attention is given to the style of his writing. Main objective of the thesis is a description of Berdyaev's relation to the term revolution itself, which is given from philosophical, sociological and his- toriosophical perspective, as well as putting his notion of revolution into the context of histor- ical events that has occurred during the first quarter of 20th century in Russia. Thesis draws on Berdyaev's articles that appeared in these collections of papers: The Problems of Idealism (Problemy idealizma), Signposts (Vekhi), De profundis (Iz glubiny) and on his works: The Spir- itual Crisis of the Intelligentsia, The Philosophy of Inequality, The Spiritual Origins of Russian Revolution.
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Sevác Bonifác Heller and Russia
Bernstein, David ; Svatoň, Vladimír (advisor) ; Nykl, Hanuš (referee)
Tématem této bakalářské práce je osobnost českého spisovatele a novináře konce devatenáctého a počátku dvacátého století Serváce Bonifáce Hellera. Nepostihuje autora v úplnosti, ale soustřeďuje se na jeho vztah k Rusku. Všímá si jeho cest do Ruska a zejména jeho románů, které jsou umístěny do ruského prostředí. Tuto oblast sleduje práce především proto, že ji vnímá jako cenný materiál, který ukazuje, jakým způsobem zobrazoval český spisovatel ruské prostředí, dokumentuje určitý způsob vnímání Ruska v českém kulturním klimatu. Práce se zabývá Hellerovými romány z ruského prostředí z hlediska literárně teoretického a podává obecnou charakteristiku těchto próz. V poslední části práce řeší otázku, zda mají Hellerovy romány ještě dnes co říci, mohou-li být něčím zajímavé pro dnešního čtenáře, mohou-li ho nějak obohatit.
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Fedor Girenok in the context of Russian philosophy
Filová, Simona ; Petříček, Miroslav (advisor) ; Nykl, Hanuš (referee)
This paper presents and interprets the conceptions of pat, neopaganism, Russia, language and philosophy in the works of contemporary Russian philosopher Fedor Girenok and shows Girenok/ s position in the context of the Russian philosophy and shortly also in the context of European philosophy. Girenok/s analysis of pat and neopaganism bring the critique of the euroamerican civilization, mainly of its rationalism and relativism. Girenok finds the alternative to the European values in deliberate effort to resist the consequences of the world globalization, in attaching to the tradition, in staying in long term at the constant place (cultivating home), in cautious relation to the language and finaUy in protecting the space for experiencing experience. This position, as Girenok believes, is reminded by Russian philosophy and it is this position that can open (through fuUy experiencing the experience) the way to the authentic human live. FuUy experiencing the experience involves the ability of quietening the own voice, it means the ability of listening, which is also the key moment of realizing one/s position in bigger wholes, the key moment of understanding human being as the part of those bigger wholes. Girenok revitalizes the tradition of the Russian philosophy, primarily the slavophile and the isychast...
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Siginificance of literary salons in Russia during the rule of Alexander I.
Melkonova, Anastasia ; Nykl, Hanuš (advisor) ; Kosáková, Hana (referee)
The master's thesis is devoted to the theme of the literary salon in Russia during the rule of Alexander I and its role and significance for Russian society in general and for literature in particular. In the thesis is described the main reasons of formation of this phenomenon in Russia and also is made analysis of its history from formation to loss of significance, where special attention is paid to the literary salon of the rule of Alexander I. To reveal the specifics of the literary salon were analysed the difference between the salons and societies and other forms of organization of literary life, difference between the salons owned by ladies or gentlemen and also difference between the St. Petersburg and Moscow literary salons. Keywords: History of Russian culture, 19th century, literary salon, Russian literature
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Man, State and Law in Pavel Novgorodtsev's Thought
Zemánek, Ladislav ; Nykl, Hanuš (advisor) ; Kosáková, Hana (referee)
The thesis is concerned with theoretical work of the Russian legal philosopher P. I. Novgorodtsev, focusing on the concepts of natural law, social ideal, individualism, liberalism, rule of law and democracy. Novgorodtsev's interpretation of these concepts is embedded into broader contexts of both Russian and Western political philosophy and philosophy of law. Novgorodtsev's work is analysed with regards to Russian liberal doctrine transformations from classical liberalism towards liberal socialism. The thesis discloses progressive moments in the author's thought demonstrating ways as to develop them. Problems in question are inquired into through the prism of A. Honneth's critical theory of society which enables to approach the subject matter in its historical variability and conditionality and, at the same time, maintaining normativity. The aim of the thesis is not only to assess Novgorodtsev's work topicality and contribution but also critically research into relevant problems in terms of the chosen topic, primarily metaphysical roots of liberalism and its limits as to the notion of man, state and law. The thesis shows that the Russian philosopher offered reformulations of old concepts not being able, however, to go beyond the liberal paradigm. Hence his texts cannot be utilized for overcoming...
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Deportation of the Chechens and Ingushes. Contribution to History of Caucasus in the Second Half of the 20th Century
Kosejková, Hana ; Tumis, Stanislav (advisor) ; Nykl, Hanuš (referee)
The thesis "The deportation of Chechens and Ingushes. Contribution to the history of the Caucasus in the second half of the 20th Century" focuses on forced relocation of ethnic groups in 1944 from their homeland in Central Asia. The author presents the causes of deportation, describes itself transport, living conditions in places colonization and subsequent release of the totalitarian regime to rehabilitation and return to the Caucasus. The thesis used in addition to the literature and archival materials. Important part of the thesis include testimony of witnesses (oral history) collected by the "snowball". The aim of this thesis was to assess the physical, demographic and moral damage caused by the deportations and to prove the relationship between it and the subsequent ethnic conflicts in the Caucasus, and also to determine what role they played in the implementation of the deportation policy and subsequent rehabilitation of the different representatives of the Communist Party and the Soviet state headed by Josef Stalin. Relocation left trauma in the memory of the survivors in the second and third generation, and Russian state itself caused due to significant financial losses and other problems with which compensates today.
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