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Charakterizace jednotlivých populací dvoudomého druhu Silene latifolia pomocí vybraných repetic a možnosti studia dávkové kompenzace na cytologické úrovni
Novotná, Pavla
Silene latifolia is a model species to study sex chromosome evolution, dosage com-pensation and Y degeneration. The sex chromosomes in this plant are heteromorphic (24, XX female, 24, XY male), and compared to animals are relatively young (10MYA). The Y chromosome is 1.4 times larger than the X chromosome, and pos-sesses many repetitive elements which are abundant and play a major role in sex chromosome structure, genome dynamics and gene expression. The aim of this work was to characterize eight populations of S. latifolia at the cytogenetic level using re-petitive sequences to identify differences between the sex chromosomes and auto-somes, and to detect previously confirmed Y chromosome inversions. Using previous-ly described satellite repeats, it was possible to detect all rDNA loci which were found to differ between all studied populations. Further, two populations possess pericentro-meric inversion on the X chromosomes in STAR-C satellite and, in some populations, the first autosome underwent the same pericentric inversion in STAR-C satellite, and also for X43.1 tandem repeat. This repeat was found to be rapidly duplicated in one autosome of LEL population, which is prone to chromosome breakage forming new dicentric chromosome and acentric fragment. This study gives new insights in the ge-nome size dynamics for studied populations and for the first time describes that chro-mosomal rearrangements occurs not only in the Y chromosome. The results of this work allow to distinguish the paternal and maternal chromosomes in females which was made possible thanks to the specific crosses between two selected populations. This unique genetic material is suitable for immunolocalization experiments, tested for antibodies against 5mC and H3K4me2. This diploma thesis includes the prepara-tion of chromosome specimens, immunostaining, probes labeling, FISH, image analy-sis and presentation of obtained data.
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Studies of S. cerevisiae BR-S strain with deletion of SIR2 gene
Novotná, Pavla ; Kuthan, Martin (advisor) ; Pichová, Iva (referee)
Yeasts are unicellular eukaryotic microorganisms, capable of forming of organised multicellular communities, the colonies. Many yeast strains possess a characteristic colony morphology under defined living conditions. Another feature typical for many feral and pathogenic yeast strains is the ability to switch their morphotype. This phenomenon, called the phenotypic switching, contributes to a rapid adaptation to the changing harmful environment and is often connected with changes of the stress resistance or with the changes of virulence of pathogenic yeasts. Phenotypic switching can be observed even in non-pathogenic yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The strain BR-F, isolated from nature, switches under laboratory conditions from fluffy to smooth morphology of the strain BR-S. This phenotypic switch is accompanied by broad changes in the phenotype. Transcriptome analyses of the strains BR-F and BR-S have shown, among others, changes in expression of the subtelomeric genes that are under control of the histone acetylases and deacetylases. My work was aimed to the histone deacetylase Sir2p, which could influence the phenotypic switching in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The sir2 deletion mutant of the strain BR-S, prepared in our laboratory, was used for my studies. The results show, that the strain BR-S...
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Conflicting Custody within the ASLPC
Novotná, Pavla ; Vorlová, Marie (advisor) ; Mašát, Vladimír (referee)
This bachelor thesis is focused on a role of a social worker in a social and legal protection of children and describes its position in the judicial proceeding as the collision custodian. The collision custodian is appointed by the court in those cases when a child can not be represented by its legal representative within the judicial proceeding. This bachelor thesis is based on specialised literature, adequate laws and theoretical findings, as well on practical experiences in a particular judicial proceeding. The aim of this bachelor thesis is first to describe and define the function of the collision custodian, its legislative embeddedness and role, its rights and duties towards the court and the represented child, and its position in the judicial proceeding. Second, it is to place the theme of collision custody into wider circumstances, to show that its execution expands beyond judicial proceeding, and to show its connection with the social and legal protection of children. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Extracellular matrix in yeast populations
Novotná, Pavla ; Kuthan, Martin (advisor) ; Dvořáček, Lukáš (referee)
The microorganisms in a natural environment are frequently found in multicellular forms, most commonly in biofilms. Biofilm is characterized as a community of cells living at the interface of two environments, embedded in the extracellular matrix. ECM is a significant component of biofilms in yeast populations. Extracellular matrix acts as a protective barrier and allows cells to survive under adverse conditions and better compete with other microorganisms. It also forms an effective barrier against antibiotics and other harmful substances, what makes biofilms a serious problem in medicine and industry. Formation of the matrix may be influenced by the morphological forms of colonies. Increased formation of ECM is commonly connected in phenotypic switching in response to changes of their living conditions. The compositeion of the ECM is a genus-and species-specific. The main component of the matrix consists of polysaccharides and proteins.
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Creating solidarity
Novotná, Pavla ; Baštecká, Bohumila (advisor) ; Kranát, Jan (referee)
This diploma thesis aims to find out what the human solidarity means and how it is created in expression of mutual aid with support in Kropotkin's conception of mutual aid. The thesis acquaints a reader with Kropotkin and his theory of mutual aid presented in the book Mutual Aid: A Factor of Evolution. It follows up Kropotkin's crucial thoughts and the theory of mutual aid in related contexts. Next it interprets the solidarity as a structure and as a process and describes them in details. The thesis also substantiates the discipline Psychosocial Crisis Co-operation, particularly its starting point that men have helped each other from time immemorial.
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Statistické srovnání a modelování tržeb v podniku zahradnického sektoru
Novotná, Pavla
This bachelor thesis concerns the company Adam - zahradnická plc, it is statistically comparing and modelling sales of both centres of this company. The thesis is divided into two parts. In theoretical part there is introduced summary of classification of the company according to different criteria and consequently there are elucidated main factors influencing the volume of sales. Practical part is focused on use of statistical and econometrical methods on real data of the company from the last decade. It is about decompositional methods of time series with subsequent predictions and solving regression question of dependence sales on weather, concretely on amount of precipitation and average temperatures. In the end we summarize outcomes of our modelling and we suggest other possible areas convenient for research.
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Variabilita genu HSD3B ve vztahu k hladině androstenonu a skatolu ve hřbetním tuku kanců
Novotná, Pavla
The bachelor thesis describes the reasons for the origin of wild boar taint, metabolism of the substances causing a typical odour as well as the possibility of its removal. Ways to eliminate or suppress a boar odour include surgical castration of boars, immunocastration, nutrition and breeding techniques. Nowadays, the genetic influence and possible polymorphisms influencing the unpleasant odour are being studied. Specifically, the variability of the HSD3B gene in relation to the level of androstenone and skatole in the dorsal fat of boars is specifically described.
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