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Symbiosis as a model for a new biology
Lhotský, Josef ; Markoš, Anton (advisor) ; Černý, Robert (referee)
Contemporary biology belongs among the most diversified sciences; yet one of its most fundamental and controversial questions is surprisingly: "What is life?". The aim of this study is to point out that biology is special among other natural sciences because its need of the notion of meaning. Meaning takes the central position in the biological rea-soning. Compared to other sciences, biology has to reflect the dimension of information and its interpretation: language-like properties, communication and interpretation belong to the basic characteristics of life. In spite of the fact, most contemporary theories of evo-lution deny active participation of living beings on the very process - living being come out of its description as puppets or zombies controlled by external forces. As a remedy from such a situation, biology should start with a new model for living entities. A bene-ficial methapor seems to be that of natural languages, i.e. an analogy between a net of historical interactions and conventional ways of interpretation of meaning in (i) living entities and (ii) in system of natural languages. I consider as the most appropriate biolo-gical systems for modeling of such a network of symbiotic interactions, i. e. the pheno-menon of symbiosis and especially symbiogenesis. Keywords: life,...
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The Evidence of Evolution
Korda, Petr ; Dvořáková, Radka (advisor) ; Lhotský, Josef (referee)
In this thesis I addressed myself to the literature search of the evidences supporting evolution by natural selection. The aim was to present and describe these evidences. I focused myself on the evidences from the field of paleontology, biogeography and on the similarities based on anatomy, morphology and molecular biology. The conclusion from the literature search is that there exist many arguments supporting evolution by natural selection and further also that proponents of alternative theories try to falsify evolution. The contribution of this thesis is presentation of arguments supporting evolution and also description of arguments against evolution and outlining the problems connected with teaching evolution. Key words: Evolution, evidences, Darwinism, Neo-Darwinism, intelligent design, creationism
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What Is Life and the Definition of Life in the Heart of Science of the 21st Century.
Pavlík, Richard ; Lhotský, Josef (advisor) ; Šolc, Roman (referee)
Phenomenon of life exceeds the science. Definition(s) of this concept should be a basis. This work discusses many sights around the definition of life and searching for the essence of life and it tries to embrace these factors in their entirety by quoting both traditional definitional approaches and the less traditional ones and possibly even futuristic ones. In a shortcut this text analyse instructions on how to define. Considering the extensiveness of the topic this bachelor's thesis touches thoughts of the scientific interdisciplinary framework. Keywords: definition of life, life and non-life transition, anti-definitionism, autopoiesis, cybernetical approach, biosemiosis
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The phenomenon of symbiosis and its importance to theoretical biology
Lhotský, Josef
7 Abstract Close physical interspecific associations called symbioses are central for understanding both evolution and interactions of all branches of living creatures, as well as shaping the Earth's physical features - in other words, they are essential for understanding the nature of whole biosphere. Symbiotic research takes place in some variation in all fields of biology, and since the nature of the phenomenon apparently has a fundamental importance as an exceptional underlying & unifying scheme, there is growing need for appropriate theoretical analysis. Here I discuss the theoretical frame, definition and history of the concept of symbiotic interactions and its significance and use in theoretical biology. Keywords: symbiosis, life, microorganisms, evolution, metaphors and models
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The phenomenon of symbiosis and its importance to theoretical biology
Lhotský, Josef ; Markoš, Anton (advisor) ; Neustupa, Jiří (referee) ; Krajčovič, Juraj (referee)
7 Abstract Close physical interspecific associations called symbioses are central for understanding both evolution and interactions of all branches of living creatures, as well as shaping the Earth's physical features - in other words, they are essential for understanding the nature of whole biosphere. Symbiotic research takes place in some variation in all fields of biology, and since the nature of the phenomenon apparently has a fundamental importance as an exceptional underlying & unifying scheme, there is growing need for appropriate theoretical analysis. Here I discuss the theoretical frame, definition and history of the concept of symbiotic interactions and its significance and use in theoretical biology. Keywords: symbiosis, life, microorganisms, evolution, metaphors and models
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The phenomenon of symbiosis and its importance to theoretical biology
Lhotský, Josef
7 Abstract Close physical interspecific associations called symbioses are central for understanding both evolution and interactions of all branches of living creatures, as well as shaping the Earth's physical features - in other words, they are essential for understanding the nature of whole biosphere. Symbiotic research takes place in some variation in all fields of biology, and since the nature of the phenomenon apparently has a fundamental importance as an exceptional underlying & unifying scheme, there is growing need for appropriate theoretical analysis. Here I discuss the theoretical frame, definition and history of the concept of symbiotic interactions and its significance and use in theoretical biology. Keywords: symbiosis, life, microorganisms, evolution, metaphors and models
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The Evidence of Evolution
Korda, Petr ; Dvořáková, Radka (advisor) ; Lhotský, Josef (referee)
In this thesis I addressed myself to the literature search of the evidences supporting evolution by natural selection. The aim was to present and describe these evidences. I focused myself on the evidences from the field of paleontology, biogeography and on the similarities based on anatomy, morphology and molecular biology. The conclusion from the literature search is that there exist many arguments supporting evolution by natural selection and further also that proponents of alternative theories try to falsify evolution. The contribution of this thesis is presentation of arguments supporting evolution and also description of arguments against evolution and outlining the problems connected with teaching evolution. Key words: Evolution, evidences, Darwinism, Neo-Darwinism, intelligent design, creationism
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Towards Evaluation Literacy Education On High-School
Kuchová-Breburdová, Hana ; Drda Morávková, Alena (advisor) ; Lhotský, Josef (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to determine whether students planning to také the high school-leaving examination from biology have a better understanding of evolution in comparison to those taking the examination from a different subject. The data were collected by means of a questionnaire having been completed at six Czech and seven Slovenian high schools over a period of two years. The thesis proved that students taking the school-leaving examination from biology have better knowledge of evolution. The thesis also maps the evolution association of high school students and makes a comparison between the quality of evolution literacy in the Czech Republic and in Slovenia.
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What Is Life and the Definition of Life in the Heart of Science of the 21st Century.
Pavlík, Richard ; Lhotský, Josef (advisor) ; Šolc, Roman (referee)
Phenomenon of life exceeds the science. Definition(s) of this concept should be a basis. This work discusses many sights around the definition of life and searching for the essence of life and it tries to embrace these factors in their entirety by quoting both traditional definitional approaches and the less traditional ones and possibly even futuristic ones. In a shortcut this text analyse instructions on how to define. Considering the extensiveness of the topic this bachelor's thesis touches thoughts of the scientific interdisciplinary framework. Keywords: definition of life, life and non-life transition, anti-definitionism, autopoiesis, cybernetical approach, biosemiosis
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Microorganisms as the primary producers in photosynthesis-independent ecosystems
Burkartová, Kateřina ; Falteisek, Lukáš (advisor) ; Lhotský, Josef (referee)
Chemolithotrophy and photoautotrophy are the two basic principles of primary production on Earth. This thesis focuses on the relation between chemolithotrophic and oxygen-productive photosynthetic microorganisms in a global dimension. There are high atmospheric oxygen concentration, high sulfate in seawater and other oxidants because of oxygen-productive photosynthesis. These compounds are commonly consumed by chemolithotrophs to oxidize reduced inorganic compounds. It is a question, if there are chemoautotrophic ecosystems profiting only from abiotically derived substrates. It is essential to combine geochemical and metagenomic approaches in order to enhance both establishing of the origin of substrates and assessing the metabolism which utilizes them in the tested ecosystem respectively. Two well established types of photosynthetic independent ecosystems that use serpentinization hydrothermal venting and radiolysis of water as a source of energy are known at present time. The absence of photosynthesis-derived final electron acceptors for chemolithotrophy and the proper spatial separation from areas where photosynthetically derived organic matter and oxidants are present can be a useful clue for this investigation. The goal of this thesis is to describe geological processes which provide not only...
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