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Cereal diseases from sowing to harvest (determination and protection options): Methodology for practice
Slavíková, Lucie ; Chrpová, Jana ; Palicová, Jana ; Hanzalová, Alena ; Dumalasová, Veronika ; Ripl, Jan ; Jarošová, Jana ; Kumar, Jiban
The fungal and virus diseases are still very actual topics due to the high proportion of cereals in crop rotation and large cultivated area. The cereal crops often decimated by fungal diseases like eyespot, powdery mildew, smuts, rusts, Fusarium head blight and brown leaf spot diseases. The virus diseases include Barley yellow dwarf virus – BYDV, Wheat dwarf virus – WDV and Wheat streak mosaic virus – WSMV are also very important due to the epidemic incidence in some years. This methodology summarizes the current knowledge of these fungal and virus diseases, focuses on the description, symptoms, occurrence, field and laboratory diagnostics and possibilities of crop protection against these diseases. Individual diseases are ranked in the order of their occurrence in the agroecosystem. The methodology can serve the farming communities and agronomist as a key to identifying the diseases infecting wheat crop.
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Methodics of risk determination of increased BYDV occurrence in winter cereals
Jarošová, Jana ; Bartáková, Pavla ; Broženská, Michaela ; Kumar, Jiban
One of the most important viruses affecting cereals in the Czech Republic is Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV). BYDV is transmitted by cereal aphids and intensity of its occurrence varies strongly in individual years. Insecticide application protects the stands against virus transmission. In some years, however, the application of the insecticide is groundless. In this methodology we provide a method for increased BYDV occurrence risk evaluation in the field by sample collection of volunteer plants. The methodology is meant to serve mainly to farmers, agronomists and agricultural advisors.
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Methodics of detection of three cereal viruses (BYDV, WDV, WSMV) by Multiplex TaqMan RT-qPCR
Jarošová, Jana ; Kumar, Jiban
The family Poaceae is one of the most important groups of plants in the terms of agricultural production. The family Poaceae also hosts many pathogens including >100 known virus species. The three most important viruses affecting cereals in the Czech Republic are Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV), Wheat dwarf virus (WDV) and Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV). In this methodology we provide an assay for multiplex detection and quantification of those viruses by TaqMan RT-qPCR. The methodology is meant to serve scientific workers as well as the employees of state laboratories as a tool for individual virus occurrence monitoring in the Czech Republic.
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Methodology of risk assessment of increased incidence of BYDV in winter cereals
Jarošová, Jana ; Bartáková, Pavla ; Broženská, Michaela ; Kumar, Jiban
One of the most important viruses affecting cereals in the Czech Republic is Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV). BYDV is transmitted by cereal aphids and intensity of its occurrence varies strongly in individual years. Insecticide application protects the stands against virus transmission. In some years, however, the application of the insecticide is groundless. In this methodology we provide a method for increased BYDV occurrence risk evaluation in the field by sample collection of volunteer plants. The methodology is meant to serve mainly to farmers, agronomists and agricultural advisors.
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Production of heterologous proteins in plants - human papillomavirus (HPV 16) derived antigens
Folwarczna, Jitka ; Čeřovská, Noemi (advisor) ; Ryšánek, Pavel (referee) ; Kumar, Jiban (referee)
5 Abstract Even though prophylactic vaccine against human papillomavirus (HPV) is currently licensed, infections by the virus continue to be the major health problem mainly in developing countries. Considerable effort is being devoted to preparation of therapeutic vaccine and to decrease of the production costs of current vaccine. Viral proteins such as the E7 oncoprotein and the L2 capsid protein from HPV type 16 are promising targets for the development of the experimental anti-HPV vaccine. The aim of our work was optimization of expression of mutagenized E7 oncoprotein (E7ggg) fused to the C-terminus of Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) coat protein (CP) or Potato virus X (PVX) CP in viral vectors derived from these plant viruses. The impact of linkers connecting CP and E7ggg fusion partners on expression and stability of fusion proteins was examined. The fusion proteins were first expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli) MC1061 to assess the characteristics of the recombinant protein prior to their transient expression in both non-transgenic or transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana (N. benthamiana). We have obtained the high level expression in E. coli, but most of the expressed proteins based on TMV CP remained in insoluble inclusion bodies. To increase the ratio of soluble protein various molecular...
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Wheat streak mosaic virus: an important disease in cereal crops
Kumar, Jiban ; Slavíková, Lucie ; Chalupníková, Jana
Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) causes serious disease in cereal crops, particularly in wheat. The main symptoms caused by WSMV include chlorotic streak mosaic on leaf, which become necrotic and gradually dry form the top of the leaf. In severe infection plant stunting and spike become sterile. WSMV is transmitted by cereal curl mite Aceria tosichella, and in low level (up to 1.5%) also transmitted by seeds. WSMV was detected in first time in the former Czechoslovakia in early eighties. The incidence of the virus in recent years is growing in the Czech Republic and even severe occurrence and wide distribution in some wheat fields in different regions of the country was determinated. This methodology put together recent knowledge of WSMV and its vector, including the incidence and possibilities of control cereal crops against the virus.
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Methods of detection of viruses from cereals and grasses using SYBR Green I RT-qPCR
Jarošová, Jana ; Dráb, Tomáš ; Beoni, Eva ; Kumar, Jiban
The family Poaceae is one of the most important groups of plants in the terms of agricultural production. The family Poaceae also hosts many pathogens including >100 known virus species. The distribution of the viruses varies according to hosts, geographical and other conditions. In this methodology we provide assays for detection of nine cereal and grass viruses (Brome mosaic virus-BMV, Barley yellow dwarf virus-BYDV, Lolium latent virus-LoLV, Oat necrotic mottle virus-ONMV, Ryegrass mosaic virus-Rg- MV, Soil-borne cereal mosaic virus-SBCMV, Spartina mottle virus-SpMV, Wheat dwarf virus-WDV a Wheat streak mosaic virus-WSMV) by SYBR Green I RT-qPCR.
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Methodics of molecular detection of Barley yellow dwarf virus in vectors by RT-PCR
Jarošová, Jana ; Jaňourová, Blanka ; Kumar, Jiban
Barley yellow dwarf is one of the most important viral diseases of cereals in the world. It can cause significant yield losses in most cereal species, including wheat, barley, rice, corn, oat and rye. In this methodology we provide assays for reverse transcription - polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for sensitive detection of barley yellow dwarf virus directly in the vectors, in aphids. This way it is possible to evaluate infectivity of vectors and from that conclude subsequent measures. The methodology is meant to serve the employees of State Phytosanitary Administration.
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