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Influence of preload on change of mechanical properties of the aortic walls
Veseleňáková, Eva ; Kuchařová, Monika (advisor) ; Klemera, Petr (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Department of Biophysics and Physical chemistry Candidate: Eva Veseleňáková Supervisor: Mgr. Monika Kuchařová, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: The influence of preload on change of mechanical properties of the aortic walls The subject of this thesis is to monitor the influence of preload on change the mechanical properties of the aortic walls. Department of Biophysics and Physical Chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy of Charles University in Hradec Kralove studies the mechanical properties of the biological materials or synthetic materials for many years. The aim of this work is to continue research on measurements of the properties of the arterial walls, because the changes in the mechanical properties are associated with aging and may cause a wide range of cardiovascular diseases. The theoretical part is devoted to the anatomical and histological structure of the aorta walls. Summarizes theoretical knowledges of biomechanics and rheology of viscoelastic bodies. It describes the physiological functions and biophysics of the bloodstream. And also is focused on pathological changes that are related to changes in mechanical properties. The experimental part is focused on the type and preparation of biological material, creation of samples,...
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Determination of the fatty acids spectrum in patients undergoing treatment with taxanes
Kuříková, Barbora ; Kuchařová, Monika (advisor) ; Nováková, Veronika (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biophysics and Physical Chemistry Author of Diploma Thesis: Bc. Barbora Kuříková Supervisor of Diploma Thesis: Mgr. Monika Kuchařová, Ph.D. Consultant: prof. MUDr. Zdeněk Zadák, CSc. Title of Diploma Thesis: Determination of the fatty acids spectrum in patients undergoing treatment with taxanes The diploma thesis deals with the determination of fatty acids spectrum in erythrocytes in patients treated with taxanes. The theoretical part describes general features of fatty acids, their synthesis and degradation. Then it is focused on the topic of breast cancer, taxane treatment and negative side effects associated with taxane treatment, especially polyneuropathy. The gas chromatography, which is commonly used in practice, is also described in this part. The experimental part is divided into three parts. The first part describes working process, chromatographic analysis and evaluation of this analysis. In the second part there is comparing of spectrum of fatty acids of patients without and with polyneroupathy. And in the last part there is a comparing of spectrum of fatty acids of patients before taxane treatment, closely after treatment and about month after the treatment. Results of the experimental part are evaluated at the end...
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Monitoring of lung function impairment by infectious disease COVID-19 using spirometry
Petrásková, Eva ; Kuchařová, Monika (advisor) ; Bernhauerová, Veronika (referee)
The thesis is focused on the comparison of functional examination of the patients lungs, before and after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), as well as on the comparison of physiological data for a individual person with measured values after the disease. The relationship between lung function and smoking, sex, age and time gap after COVID undergone was monitored. The screening was accomplished by spirometry in a pneumology surgery and the obtained data were processed in practical part of my thesis. The theoretical part of the diploma thesis describes the respiratory system and lungs functional testing. In addition, infectious disease COVID-19 is described herein. The aim of the thesis was to select suitable patients, who have suffered from the COVID-19 disease, but without other serious respiratory problems, make a measurements and statistically evaluate the correlation between the measured results. The experiment involved 66 people aged between 21-94, of which 43 were men and 23 women. It has been shown a predominantly negative effect of COVID-19 in the values of the examined indicators in spirometric measurements, similarly, the impairment was seen more in men than in women. The role of younger age has been proven in the better results of spirometric measurements. However, the differences in...
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The importance of teaching assistant at a primary school
Kuchařová, Monika ; Mazáčová, Nataša (advisor) ; Poche Kargerová, Jana (referee)
The aim of the diploma thesis is to highlight the importance of a teaching assistant in terms of contribution to the educational process for pupils with SVP at primary level. The theoretical part of the thesis is based on the issue of pupils with special educational needs. It reflects the current trend of education, which is based on the uniform rights of all to education, especially in the case of differences, whether health or social, and describes inclusive approaches to education. The inclusion is based on the cooperation of selected actors - the pupil, school management, teachers, their assistants, legal representatives and representatives of counseling facilities, so the theoretical part also touches on this issue. It also contains the characteristics of pupils with SVP and summarizes the disabilities, social and health disadvantages that entitle the pupil to the assignment of a teaching assistant. From the professional point of view, the teaching assistant approaches the profession, the necessary education to perform the profession, the historical development in terms of the occurrence of this profession in teaching and at the same time capture the development of the importance of this role. In the practical part, a quantitative research was conducted in the form of online questionnaires....
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The influence of critical condition of patients on DNA damage
Verešpejová, Natália ; Kuchařová, Monika (advisor) ; Bárta, Pavel (referee)
The first cases of patients with pneumonia which grew into an acute respiratory distress syndrome and caused breathing problems began to appear in December 2019. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the cause of a global pandemic and it is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). A complex interplay of factors is responsible for the progression of the disease. Some studies suggest that it promotes oxidative stress and thus may lead to oxidative damage to cells and DNA. The purpose of this study was to observe the relationship between oxidative DNA damage and a critical condition caused by COVID-19 using a comet assay technique. The basic principle of the used method consists in fixation of lymphocytes in an agarose gel, removal of the membrane and cytoplasm of cells, incubation with specific enzymes and electrophoresis. In the process of electrophoresis, negatively charged DNA fragments migrates towards the anode and the cell thus acquires the typical shape of a comet. Comets are visualized using the DNA intercalation dye ethidium bromide. We quantified single - strand breaks and oxidized pyrimidines and purines by using specific enzymes (modification of the method for detecting specific lesions). Results are reported as % tail DNA, thus the percentage of DNA in the...
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The determination of fatty acids level in chosen tissues
Kynclová, Kamila ; Kuchařová, Monika (advisor) ; Kubíček, Vladimír (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biophysics and Physical Chemistry Candidate: Kamila Kynclová Supervisor of Diploma Thesis: Mgr. Monika Kuchařová, Ph.D. Title of Diploma Thesis: Determination of fatty acids levels in selected human tissues Fatty acid are an essential part of many metabolic processes in the body. The theoretical part of the the thesis presents primarily omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, their general characteristics, metabolism and their effect on various disease. The roles of fatty acid in cancer, neuropsychiatric and inflammatory diseases are described here. The thesis also mentions the method of gas chromatography, which was used to determine the levels of fatty acids. The experimental part of the thesis includes method, chromatographic analysis and results. 13 fatty acids in 7 different tissues were analyzed: subendocardial tissue, liver parenchymal tissue, kidney and adrenal tissue, skeletal muscle tissue, adipose and brain tissue. Tissues were collected from 20 healthy, suddenly deceased, cadavers. Donors were divided into two groups according to age. The obtained data were statistically processed and divided according to individual fatty acids. In the end the results between the two groups were evaluated with a possible explanation of the...
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