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The influence of different sources of nicotine on body weight
Riabus, Daria ; Pánková, Alexandra (advisor) ; Králíková, Eva (referee)
Abstract Aim of the work: The aim of this work was based on a questionnaire survey to find out the respondents' views on whether smoking cigarettes, electronic cigarettes and the use of heated tobacco affects body weight, including gender differences. The secondary aim was determined with any likelihood of replacing respondents who vape EC or use heated tobacco according to a variable flavor, food, or snack of EC or heated tobacco. Methods: An anonymous online questionnaire consisting of 18 questions was spreaded via Facebook in the Spolucestování, Kolej 17. listopadů and 1. LF UK Nutriční terapeuti interest groups from 21 April 2021 to 31 March 2021, as well as through the discussion forums of the eMimino and Mamaguru websites. Only individuals who smoke cigarettes, vape electronic cigarettes with nicotine or use heated tobacco could participate in the questionnaire survey. The questionnaire was completed by 190 respondents. , while 6 respondents were excluded due to incomplete answers or failure to meet the entry criteria. The final set includes 184 respondents. Results: The group of 184 respondents consisted of 101 women and 83 men. Average age of the group was 27.63 ± 8.20 years, average age of women 27.10 ± 7.53 years, average age of men 28.27 ± 8.96 years. The result shows that 34% of...
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The relationship between sarcopenia and two behavioral factors - cigarett smoking and alcohol drinking - meta- analysis
Šteffl, Michal ; Kohlíková, Eva (advisor) ; Rusina, Robert (referee) ; Králíková, Eva (referee)
Background Sarcopenia is one of problems its prevalence and development have been studied in many researches. A meta-analysis focusing to sarcopenia relationships could open the new space for following scientific works. Objectives The main aims of that study were to explore relationships between sarcopenia and cigarette smoking and also sarcopenia and alcohol drinking in relatively healthy people over 65 years old on the basis of recommendation of the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews. Methods Four electronic databases were searched to identify potentially relevant literature for this study. Then the data which contained relevant information were transformed into contingency tables and there were calculated odds ratios (OR) by using those tables. Except OR calculating, there was made systematic review section where the ORs which were transferred from individual studies were collected and assessed. Finally age-adjusted linear regression models were done. Results Out of 373 papers identified as potentially relevant by the database searching, 20 were ultimately included in the meta-analyses. From those papers data of 33,162 participants were analyzed. It was found that OR (95% CI) in cigarette smoking analysis was in males 1.65 (1.16 - 2.35), in females 1.42 (1.09 - 1.85), and in overall...
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Nurses smoking as one of important risk factors of this profession
Drozdová, Radomila ; Kebza, Vladimír (advisor) ; Hrubá, Drahoslava (referee) ; Králíková, Eva (referee)
Smoking is a serious problem for all of society. Smoking by healthcare workers, in particular, is an even more serious problem as it affects those who are responsible for helping others quit smoking and for educating the general population regarding the consequences of smoking. It is generally accepted that if a person cannot cope with their own problems, they will have difficulties helping others cope with similar problems. This is equally true for nicotine addiction. Why do so many nurses smoke? It is not logical for nurses, smoke more than other professional groups (39% of 337 respondents) and women (about 25%). At the time of the study (2005) 75% of nurses' who smoked, smoked while at work; managers tolerated this behavior and sometimes even smoked with the nurses. This is alarming since it presents a problem of professional ethics. Occasional smokers state that, while at work, they most often have a cigarette with a cup of coffee. Most smokers report that they smoke mainly in the company of others (62.5%). Half of smokers associate smoking with drinking coffee, they also claim that smoking relaxes them (44.5%) and helps them deal with stressful situations at work. Most nurses who smoke show signs of social nicotine addiction. It has been shown that current smokers started experimenting with cigarettes...
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Tobacco control in the CR and Canada aimed especially at socioeconomic, political and environmental aspects
Fraser, Keely ; Králíková, Eva (advisor) ; Janout, Vladimír (referee) ; Lustigová, Michala (referee)
(English) Smoking is the leading cause of premature mortality and morbidity globally (WHO, 2018). Within the Czech Republic (CR) tobacco consumption ranks among the highest in the world, and tobacco control measures rank among the poorest globally (Joossens and Raw, 2014; American Cancer Society, 2018). Smoking related chronic diseases and the loss of active part of life are an enormous and growing burden on the Czech system. There is urgency to invest in efforts that will control and decrease the demand for tobacco products (OECD, 2017). Experiences and lessons learned in tobacco control (TC) by other countries, such as Canada, may provide valuable insight to help guide Czech decision makers in identifying policy best buys moving forward. The basic research carried out as part of this PhD project focuses specifically on a comparison of TC in Canada and the CR. It also includes: 1) a national cross-sectional survey of all organizations involved in TC to describe capacity and involvement in TC measures outlined by the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) (Fraser et al. 2019); 2) a prospective cohort study which describes the results of intensive smoking cessation treatment offered by Centers for Tobacco Dependent (CTD) (Králiková et al. 2014); 3) a cross sectional survey of patients...
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Effect of smoking on lactation and breast-feeding
Šídlová, Marcela ; Králíková, Eva (advisor) ; Syrová, Hana (referee)
Effect of smoking on lactation and breast feeding Abstract The bachelor 's thesis deals with the topic of mothers' smoking during breast feeding period and its effect on lactation, breast feeding and infant health. The thesis is both theoretical and practical. The aim of the theoretical part is to summarize knowledges concerning breast feeding and its benefits, smoking and its harmfulness, to connect these two topics and point at risks coming out when mother smokes during breast feeding period. Marginally it touches the topic of smoking during pregnancy. The practical part deals with mothers smokers' awareness about possible effects of smoking on breast feeding and infant's health and investigates if smoking mothers who participated on the qualitative research see some effects of smoking on breast feeding and their child. It also researches their emotions after smoking a cigarette in pregnancy and after delivery, and compares these two key periods. It determines how long smoking mothers breast feed and if they put in context too early cession of breast feeding with smoking. The main acquired fact is that mothers smokers perceive bigger risks of smoking on their child in pregnancy than in breast feeding period. The women gained the information usualy at their gynecologist but they haven't been informed about...
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Tobacco use and its consequences among children 8-12 years old. Prevalence and forms of smoking, brand and source awareness, smoking initiation.
Kučerová, Jarmila ; Králíková, Eva (advisor) ; Pánková, Alexandra (referee) ; Janata, Hana (referee)
Objectives: Within the Czech Republic there are missing reports on smoking prevalence, forms of smoking, sources of cigarettes or the influence of tobacco marketing on children younger than 12 years of age. Methods: Between 2009 and 2012 we conducted a cross sectional survey with 3 887 children from Prague and 592 from the Usti Region, age 8-12 years old, from 51 primary schools. The survey was part of a school based smoking prevention program at participating schools. Results: Among children, 23.3% reported some experience with smoking. Smoking experience was higher among boys, and children with family members who smoked. Cigarettes were the most common form of smoking (about 17 % of all respondents), followed by water-pipe (prevalence in Prague was 7.4% and 4.9% in Usti Region (p = 0.030)). Less than 1% of all children reported experience with marijuana. Relatives were the most commonly named source of cigarettes for first smoking experience (43.1%). Among children that reported smoking at least once a month, relatives were the most common source of cigarettes (32.5%), and 15.5% reported purchasing their own cigarettes. More than one third of children reported that no one had talked to them about smoking yet. Among all children 59.0% could name one or more cigarette brands. The most well-known...
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Socio-geographic determinants of risky substance use among Czech adolescents
Kážmér, Ladislav ; Dzúrová, Dagmar (advisor) ; Kulhánová, Ivana (referee) ; Králíková, Eva (referee)
The thesis aims at the specific issues of health-related behaviour among the contemporary Czech youth, with particular emphasis on a socio-geographical dimension of the phenomena. In particular, it aims at identification of selected demographic, social, and contextual factors underlying the inequalities in risky substance use among the Czech adolescent population in its complex multilevel perspective. By applying the advanced methodology of multilevel modelling, the author reveals an integral nature of these factors in space and time, and thus contributes to a deeper knowledge on the structures and processes determining the selected forms of risk behaviours. In addition to an integrative multilevel approach, the author derives recommendations for an effective planning and implementation of preventive measures in agenda of the Czech drug policy as well. Key words: adolescence; substance use; prevalence; socio-geographic inequalities; multilevel analysis; Czechia
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Health aspects of salt in food
Wűrzová, Anna ; Bušová, Milena (advisor) ; Králíková, Eva (referee)
Sodium chloride is an integral part of our nutrition and has an important function in the metabolism of the human organism. It contains sodium which is one of the basic minerals of the body. Although the salt is necessary for our body, its excess intake leads to a number of negative health effects. The theoretical part of the thesis describes the physiological importance of sodium chloride and the negative effect of salt on the body. It also deals with legislative requirements for salt, the recommended daily doses and trends in the consumption of salt. Last but not least, inform about therapeutic nutrition and the prevention of diseases associated with excess salt intake. The aim of the work is to make an overview of the importance and use of salts and the negative health effects of excess salt in human nutrition and further laboratory verification of the salt content in selected food and compared the measured results with the data on the salt content listed on the packaging. Part of the work is sample menus with different content of salt. The assembled full-day menus using the program Nutriservis represent, how to eat properly and to follow the health recommendations for salt intake according to the WHO and at the same time contain examples of bad menus with overdue daily amount of salt. For...
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Eating disorders and smoking
Riabus, Daria ; Králíková, Eva (advisor) ; Pánková, Alexandra (referee)
This Bachelor Thesis is dealing with eating disorders caused by smoking. Thesis is divided into two main parts - theory and practice. The history of eating disorders, definition of each type of eating disorders, treatment examples and health complications of the disorder are covered in the first theoretical part. Also, there are disclosed the history of smoking, ways of treatment of the tobacco dependence and health consequences of smoking. At the end of the theoretical part there are discussions about the relations between smoking and weight, smoking and eating disorders, relapse of the disease when quitting smoking and about e-smoking among people with eating disorders. Practical part of this thesis contains of the research in a way of the survey. The questionnaire was made in two languages - Russian and Czech, in order to get greater amount of the respondents and to get more diverse answers. A link to the questionnaire was distributed by social media and web pages. Questionnaire was available to fill out from 13. 02. 2018 to 12. 03. 2018 and in total I received 101 respondents (54 for Czech version and 47 for Russian). The questionnaire was composed only for those people who have (or used to have) eating disorders and for those who smoke (or used to smoke) simultaneously. The outcome displays...
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