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Management of infectious waste
Martinek, Karel ; Touš, Michal (referee) ; Konečná, Eva (advisor)
The aim of the thesis is the summary of processing rules, handling and disposal of waste from medical facilities in the Czech Republic and comparison of approach with other countries. Legislation of dangerous waste varies from country to country. Slight differences are also observed in the conception of individual regions of Czechia. Increasingly, infectious waste is decontaminated before final disposal by incineration. The thesis provides basic information, advantages or disadvantages of individual decontamination methods and comparison of some of them.
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Progressive methods for waste water treatment
Doležalová, Adéla ; Konečná, Eva (referee) ; Vondra, Marek (advisor)
This bachelor thesis contains a description of progressive separation methods for wastewater treatment. It deals with the basic principles of separation methods, including membrane processes, sonolysis, ozonization, photolysis and photocoalysis. Their strengths and weaknesses are also described. Part of the thesis is also evaluation and comparison of individual technologies with regard to their practical applicability.
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Experimental verification of a gas micro-turbine cogeneration system
Buřil, Lukáš ; Konečná, Eva (referee) ; Máša, Vítězslav (advisor)
This master’s thesis deals with problematics of natural gas microturbine integration into industrial laundry operation. This integration means utilization of waste heat for direct drying and water heating in a heat exchanger. This heated water can be used in further laundry processes, for example laundering. All the experiments were carried out on the cogeneration system that is installed in Laboratory of Energy Intensive Processes in NETME Centre at the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering of Brno University of Technology. This system consists of a natural gas microturbine Capstone C30 with nominal electric power of 30 kW, an industrial dryer Primus DX55 with a nominal capacity of 55 kg for laundry and a heat exchanger Vakading type Vakavlas with nominal power of 53 kW. All necessary theoretical and technical preparation was done in order to carry out experiments as follows: • Standard drying program • Water accumulation test • Test of performance of heat exchanger • Direct drying with the use of microturbine’s flue gases These experiments were analyzed and discussed within this thesis. The main contribution of this work is as follows: • Summary of all the knowledge in the area of direct drying • Creation of methodology of utilization of flue gases for direct drying not only in laundry industry but in related fields • Summary of requirements and ways of heat exchanger testing and determination of heat exchanger parameters • Determination of optimal working settings of installed cogeneration system • Description of weak spots in the system and suggested improvements • Basic economic analysis of operating costs During the experiments, it was found that in case of direct drying better results could be achieved in comparison with standard drying. The functionality of the whole system together with the heat exchanger was verified and thus also the possibility of integrating the turbine into the washing process was confirmed. The integration of a natural gas microturbine is both technically and economically feasible for many industrial applications.
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Dry Ice Blasting and Industrial Practice
Konečná, Eva ; Máša, Vítězslav (referee) ; Kuba, Pavel (advisor)
This thesis deals with the subject of dry ice blasting and its industrial practice. The key charakteristics of dry ice are described as well as an overview of dry ice blasting practical usage in various industries. Main part of this thesis focuses on a study of dry ice degradation, through a series of experiments and observations.
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Utilization of waste heat from rectification
Frank, Vojtěch ; Konečná, Eva (referee) ; Touš, Michal (advisor)
The purpose of the thesis is to draw up a model of the energy and material balance using technical and technological analysis of the current state of production of waste heat in the process of distillation. Using these results, subsequently evaluate the energy potential of individual streams and propose optimal energy savings using waste heat. Emphasis is placed on the modelling of the process and the various proposed savings options. The result is also an evaluation of the potential of the proposed savings based on the results of the calculation.
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Analysis of factors influencing gas microturbine operation
Kostrhounová, Petra ; Máša, Vítězslav (referee) ; Konečná, Eva (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the assessment of operating parameters of a gas microturbine. The first part covers the gas microturbine, its function and individual structural components. It also describes the possible use in combined heat and power generation and an overview of main manufacturers in the current market. The theoretical part of the work, based on a search of professional studies, summarizes selected factors influencing the efficiency of the gas microturbine, namely temperature and relative humidity, atmospheric pressure and parameters of various types of fuel. In the last part, the work focuses on the specific operation of the gas microturbine Capstone C30. Data from experimental measurements are analysed and the electrical efficiency is determined from them, which is compared with theoretical assumptions. Finally, the influence of the measured parameters on the electrical efficiency of the microturbine is discussed and the ideal course of the experiment is proposed.
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Improving energy efficiency in industry
Kovář, Štěpán ; Konečná, Eva (referee) ; Touš, Michal (advisor)
This Bachelor Thesis deals with the increase in energy efficiency in industry. The energy consumption is globally one of the cardinal topics. A significant part of the energy is consumed by industry, and therefore it is necessary to search for such measures to increase the energy efficiency of industrial processes. Current attitude aims at the installation of more effective machines, devices or the waste heat recovery. Especially the scientific community is concerned with the possibilities of process optimization from the point of settings and process integration, production planning, using software solutions. Both approaches are analysed in this work and based on that current state as well as the potential of the energy savings are evaluated.
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Waste heat to power technology
Kůra, Tomáš ; Máša, Vítězslav (referee) ; Konečná, Eva (advisor)
This bachelor thesis focuses on the methods of waste heat conversion to electrical energy. There are presented and described so far known methods that generate power via mechanical work and methods converting power directly from heat. The thesis also contains an overview of case studies for studied technologies. Finally, all the findings are summarised, the factors influencing the applicability of each technology are presented, and the possibilities of the technology application in the industry are evaluated.
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Dry ice blasting for surface cleaning
Horňák, David ; Konečná, Eva (referee) ; Máša, Vítězslav (advisor)
This Bachelor thesis deals with dry ice blasting, which belongs to modern and effective surface cleaning methods. The websites of various manufactures clearly state that this method is utilized in many industries, but there is a low number of research articles dealing with this cleaning method. The amount of literature that covers the usage of this method in certain industries is also insufficient. For this purpose, systematic overview of dry ice blasting applications in industry is presented based on thorough review of literature. The technology of dry ice blasting including dry ice blasting machine and its individual equipment is also closely introduced. The thesis also includes the characteristic case study of high energy and economic intensity of this process. This study states that 94 % of cleaning expenses is linked with consumption of dry ice. The effective dry ice management is necessary from the economic point of view. Suggested saving measures follow on from these facts. These measures are: • process automation • custom applications • compressor optimization • replacement of compressed air with different form of energy Implementation of these saving measures can help greater extension of dry ice blasting in industrial practise.
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