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Some aspects of hip hop nation language (HHNL) from a linguistic point of view
Mataruga, Jana ; Klégr, Aleš (advisor) ; Vašků, Kateřina (referee)
This thesis presents a selective survey of the specifics of the language of the hip hop culture in the United States of America, which is closely connected with African-American English. Theoretical part is an introduction to hip hop culture, its history, language it uses; studies that deal with the language of hip-hop (especially sociolinguistics) are presented , as well as modes of discourse and the association with African-American English. Afterwards artists are whose lyrics are used for the research are introduced. Practical part of the thesis then concentrates on describing the differences between hip hop nation language and standard American English in terms of lexical and grammatical features. Keywords: HHNL - hip hop nation language, lexical differences, grammatical differences, sociolinguistics, modes of discourse, SAE - standard American English
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Introduction to ELT Methodology - Learning Languages
Gráf, Tomáš ; Mothejzíková, Jarmila (advisor) ; Klégr, Aleš (referee)
The thesis presents a theoretical framework for the preparation of a portfolio for the course Didaktická propedeutika pro studenty angliètiny na FF UK. This preparatory course in didactics should serve as an introduction to the subject for future teachers of English in secondary schools, whom it should equip with a basic level of understanding of the general principles of learning, language acquisition and language learning. The work presents a course syllabus and in its individual chapters it describes the theoretical background for each seminar. The themes introduced in the course are: theories of learning and their application to language teaching, language identity, theory and description of first and second language acquisition, learner variables (age, gender, aptitude, intelligence, motivation, affective filter, learning styles, multiple intelligences, learner beliefs, the role of brain and memory in language acquisition, methods of teaching foreign languages, interlanguage, linguistic errors, levels of proficiency, communication and learning strategies, learner autonomy, the theory of a good language learner and teacher. The thesis includes an appendix containing handouts for each seminar and a student evaluation form for the assessment of the quality of the seminar.
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Contrastive analysis of a text-type: English and Czech restaurant menus.
Hryzbylová, Eva ; Klégr, Aleš (advisor) ; Malá, Markéta (referee)
This thesis carries out a contrastive analysis of English and Czech restaurant menus. A restaurant menu is a specific type of text that deserves a detailed examination. The theoretical background outlines the various uses of the concepts genre, text type, register and style. The further study of this specific text type is carried out on the basis of an existing theoretical material that focuses on texts of a similar nature. Ten samples of British and Irish menus, ten samples of Czech menus and six samples of English translations of Czech menus were collected for the purpose of the contrastive analysis. The analysis of these authentic menus provides a description of their arrangement and structure, as well as their typological classification among a specific text type category. English and Czech menus are described in terms of their contents and formal, lexical and grammatical features. A subsequent comparison of the characteristics of each sample reveals similarities and differences between them. The differences between the two samples are reflected in deficiencies of the English translations of Czech menus. The analysis of English translations of Czech menus and their confrontation with English menus reveals mistakes that typically occur in the translations of menus. Thus, the thesis presents a...
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Word-Formation Processes in Contemporary English Slang
Libertin, Daniel ; Klégr, Aleš (advisor) ; Čermák, Jan (referee)
The presented study focuses on the processes involved in the formation of words in contemporary English slang. The aim of the study is to determine which patterns of word building are the most frequent, also compared to the general word stock of contemporary English, based on the analysis of a representative sample of contemporary slang expressions. In addition, the study attempts to determine if there are any phenomena that have been given little or no attention so far. The study consists of two parts. The theoretical part describes the phenomena that are relevant to the scope of the research and the study in general. The first section of the theoretical part includes a description of slang, also pointing out the differences in the treatment of slang between the English-speaking and Czech linguistic tradition. The second section contains a description of the source of the data used in the research, namely, the open Internet repository of slang expressions Urban Dictionary, which is one of the most widely used slang dictionaries on the Internet. The third section provides an overview of word- formation processes that are productive in contemporary English and relevant to the source material of slang lexemes. They include affixation, compounding, conversion, shortening, semantic change, borrowing or...
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The use of lexical oppositeness in English internet advertising
Betincová, Barbora ; Klégr, Aleš (advisor) ; Šaldová, Pavlína (referee)
The thesis deals with the relation of semantic opposition in the discourse of advertising. The aim of the thesis is to identify the techniques of advertising language based on the use of antonymy and describe their manipulative strategies. The thesis consists of two parts. The first is theoretical. It introduces the topics of advertising language and antonymy. It presents the views on definition of advertising, describes the influence of media on the language of advertising and summarizes the ba- sic advertising principles. Further, it defines antonymy and presents basic classification systems of opposites. Second part starts with the description of the research methodology and the database of advertisements created for the sake of the thesis. The following chapter analyses dis- tribution of classes of antonymy and describes individual advertising techniques and their manipulative force.
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Communicative strategies of politicians in interaction.
Lokajová, Jana ; Šaldová, Pavlína (advisor) ; Klégr, Aleš (referee)
Abstract. The aim of this M.A. thesis is to apply on the sample of five transcribed interviews with American politicians the typology of strategies devised by social psychologists P. Bull and K. Mayer (1993) for 'non-replies' of British politicians in the genre of a political interview and to determine whether this typology could be qualitatively correlated to specific linguistic means (the use of passive, pronominal shifts, hedges). The responses of politicians are examined within the CDA method also in relation to the macro-principles of evasion (dissimulation), coercion, legitimation and delegitimation, which are claimed to be valid in political discourse by P. Chilton (2004) in order to discover whether Bull and Mayer's social typology could be related to these principles and to the strategies of face-management (Brown and Levinson 1987). It is expected that politicians will boost their positive image in the interview and coerce the public in the agenda shift (Clayman, Heritage 2002) through every response in the interview. A question which according to Bull and Elliott (1996) consists of face threat is also expected to be attacked; quantitative results are presented which verify this assumption. In addition, as thirty strategies were observed to have been employed by Mrs Thatcher and Neil Kinnock in...
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A contrastive study of hyperbole in Czech and English. A corpus-based study
Macháčková, Anežka ; Klégr, Aleš (advisor) ; Čermák, Jan (referee)
The aim of this study is to compare and contrast the use of hyperbole or exaggeration in spoken Czech and English language. The research is based on comparative approach to two samples accounting for 100 hyperbolic instances in Czech and 100 instances of hyperbole in English. The Czech sample has been randomly excerpted from the oral part of the Czech National Corpus ORAL2008, whereas the English sample has been randomly excerpted from the "spoken context-govern" and "spoken demographic" sections of The British National Corpus. The two samples are subject to analysis. Firstly, the formal realization of hyperbole is examined. Secondly, the occurrences are classified semantically (quantitative versus qualitative hyperbole) and, thirdly, the lexico-semantics is examined (hyperbolic source domains). By this, the present study tests the hypothesis of universal hyperbolic source domains by examining the situation in Czech and English. Finally, the occurrence of conventionalized instances of hyperbole as opposed to creative instances of hyperbolic nonce-usages is examined. Last but not least, it is the aim of this study to provide the overall frequency figures of hyperbole in both languages.
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Testing English collocations in Czech learners of English
Vaňková, Lenka ; Klégr, Aleš (advisor) ; Čermák, Jan (referee)
The present study focuses on English collocations and their testing in Czech learners of English. Since the importance of collocations and phraseology as a linguistic discipline has not been recognised until recently, these concepts are introduced from the general point of view. First, the attention is given to the history of phraseology and its underlying principles as well as to the major approaches to it. Second, phraseological units are described from the point of view of their categorisation and of some influential typologies of these units. The main focus of interest is collocations, particularly major approaches to them as well as criteria commonly used to describe and delimit collocations from other types of prefabricated units and their definition and classification. Previous research on collocations in learner English is also outlined. The analytical part (based on Granger's (1998) study) analyzes the results of testing English collocations in Czech learners of English. The main focus is on whether these results confirm or deny the results of Granger's study, as well as on the learners' knowledge of and ability to use collocations, particularly on their (non)attaining the native "ideal."
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The individual textual profile: a corpus-based study of idiolect
Leško, Marek ; Malá, Markéta (advisor) ; Klégr, Aleš (referee)
- EN The thesis analyzes the idiolect of the then-presidential candidate Barack Obama in the specific speech situation of the televized debates on the background of the utterances of other candidates in the years 2000, 2004 and 2008. The analysis uses corpus-driven methods to compare the Obama corpus with the reference corpus. The comparison is largely based on the analysis of keywords and their use in context, supplemented by the discussion of their collocations and associated clusters. The results of the analysis, i.e. the principal features Obama's idiolect, are presented in a structured summary, divided into specific areas. Keywords: Idiolect, individual textual profile, Obama, keywords, corpus, corpus-driven
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A comparative study of the Czech lexeme "aby" and its English translations in parallel Czech-English texts
Vašková, Petra ; Klégr, Aleš (advisor) ; Tichý, Ondřej (referee)
The present study focuses on functions and English translation counterparts of the Czech lexeme aby. It is a relatively frequent word in the Czech language which is described as a subordinating conjunction expressing purpose, effect, manner, and also as a particle with a number of discourse functions. The current description, however, does not seem complete and this study therefore aims to analyse its use in more detail. Lexicographic and grammatical sources served as a basis for the classification of aby as a conjunction and as a particle. After an analysis of 200 examples it soon became evident that this listing is not complete and the use of aby is more complex than originally expected. The present paper thus treats all the functions of aby and also exemplifies each of them using extracted corpus data. In the study, aby in its conjunction and particle use is firstly treated separately to analyse each of them in more depth. This analysis, consequently, provides basis to point out their common features as well as their differences. The English translational counterparts are another point of interest in the study, in particular, their adequacy, regularity, and lexicalization.
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