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Phytochemical study of Helianthus annuus
Dresler, Jiří ; Jahodář, Luděk (advisor) ; Karlíčková, Jana (referee)
SOUHRN Cílem této práce bylo fytochemické hodnocení jazykovitých květů Helianthus annuus L. a zpracování úborových lůžek pro následnou analýzu téže rostliny. Výsledky lze shrnout takto: 1. Vodná fáze jazykovitých květů byla rozdělena na 6 frakcí, které čekají na další zpracování. 2. V jazykovitých květech nebyla prokázána přítomnost kyseliny ursolové, oleanolové, kumarové, betulinové a aukubinu. 3. Žádná ze zkoumaných frakcí dělení butanolové fáze nevykazovala významné antioxidační vlastnosti. 4. V jazykovitých květech byla pomocí NMR analýzy C13 a H1 prokázána ent-kaur-16- en-19-ovou kyselina. 5. V jazykovitých květech byla pomocí NMR analýzy C13 a H1 pravděpodobně prokázána přítomnost cholestan-5,22-dien-2-olu (3β,22E). Jeho přítomnost je však třeba ještě dodatečně potvrdit. 6. Byla zpracována úborová lůžka. Na další zpracování čekají petroletherová, chloroformová a vodná fáze a 31 kvalitativně odlišných frakcí dělení butanové fáze.
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Antioxidant and antiradical activity of selected species of division Bryophyta
Nabbout, Samar Jacques ; Jahodář, Luděk (advisor) ; Opletal, Lubomír (referee)
The chemical composition and antioxidant activity of ethanolic extracts of five moss species are presented in this diploma thesis. The total phenol content was estimated as gallic acid equivalents by the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent method, while the qualitative composition of the extracts were determined by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detection and by gas chromatography - mass spectroscopy detection. The antioxidant properties assessed included iron(III) reduction, 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl anion free radical scavenging and the ability of extracts to protect 2-deoxy-D-ribose against hydroxyl radical- mediated degradation was assessed. The extracts contained phenolic compound. Free phenolic acids as benzoic acid derivatives and glycosides as vitexin-like structures.The ethanolic extracts of five moss species demonstrated antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity; however, they were not as potent as the positive control.
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Compounds of the Cichorium intybus extract
Málková, Marta ; Jahodář, Luděk (advisor) ; Siatka, Tomáš (referee)
Marta Málková: Compounds of the Cichorium intybus extract. Diploma thesis, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology, Hradec Králové 2008, 56 pp. Chloroform and ethanolic extracts, which were prepared by the addition of an original dry extract to solvents mentioned above, have been used for the identification of substances contained in Cichorium intibus L. seeds. The chloroform extract has been evaluated via the thin layer chromatography. β-sitosterol and β- amyrin have been detected by this procedure. The ethanolic extract has been separated by the column chromatography and obtained fractions have been evaluated by the thin layer chromatography to prove a presence of saccharides and phenolic acids. By this way saccharose has been detected. Then the sample has been analyzed by UPLC / MS and thus the presence of four isomers of isochlorogenic acid has been detected. .
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Phototoxicity and influence of the human health
Záborcová, Tamara ; Vytlačilová, Jitka (advisor) ; Jahodář, Luděk (referee)
When the UV radiation strikes on the organism, it interacts with bioactive molecules, which leads to their changes with various consequences including mutations, cancerogenesis, photosensitivity and other disorders. This writing deals with UV radiation negative effects on human, diseases, which are induced by it, its utilization in medicine and also with photoprotection and possible modulation of damage induced by this radiation.
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Biologically active metabolites of plants. 5. Alkaloids from Zanthoxylum nitidum and their biological activity.
Marková, Lenka ; Cahlíková, Lucie (advisor) ; Jahodář, Luděk (referee)
Marková L.: Biologically active metabolite sof plants 4. Alkaloids from Zanthoxylum nitidum and their biological activity. Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology, Hradec Králové, 2012. Diploma thesis, 67 s. The aim of the diploma thesis was to process the dried drug of Zanthoxylum nitidum and to obtain the total extract. By means of preparative thin layer chromatogramy one alkaloid was isolated and based on structural analysis (NMR, MS) and comparison of data from the literature identified as (-)-edulinine. This alkaloid was tested for its inhibitory activity against human erytrocyte acetylcholinesterase activity (HuAChE) and human plasma butyrylcholiesterase (HuBuChE). The measured values for (-)-edulinine were IC50 HuAChE > 1000 µM a IC50 HuBuChE > 1000 µM. Galanthamin (IC50, HuAChE = 1,710 ± 0,065µM, IC50 HuBuChE = 42,30 ± 1,30 µM) and huperzin A (IC50, HuAChE = 0,033 ± 0,001µM, IC50 HuBuChE = >1000 µM) were used as positive standarts which are used in therapy of Alzheimer's disease. In comparison of standarts (-)-edulinine was inactive and it can't be considered as perspective substance in treatment of Alzheimer's disease. The alkaloid was also subjected to study of its antioxidant activity. The resulting EC50 value...
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A frequency of a purchase of herbal medicines in selected regiones. Pharmacobotanical and phytopharmacological study.
Vyšinská, Ľubomíra ; Jahodář, Luděk (advisor) ; Kotlářová, Jana (referee)
VYŠINSKÁ, Ľ.: A frequency of a purchase of herbal medicine in selected regions. Pharmacobotanical and phytopharmacological study. Diploma thesis, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology. Hradec Králové, 2011, 89 p. Keywords: phytopharmaceuticals, parapharmaceuticals, herbal drugs, phytomedicines, questionary survey Background: To examine the most frequently used herbal products in Žilina region and to identify factors associated with herbal therapy usage (age, gender of patients), as well as the situations when the phytopharmaceuticals are added to therapy (basic/add on therapy, therapeutical indications etc.). Thesis also tried to resolve the relationship of pharmacists and doctors to the herbal medicine and it dealt with the issue of information resources concerning phytotherapy, trends in this area and perception of the risks of the therapy among professionals. Methods: A questionnaire was used to find out the data. Respondents were pharmacist, always one person per pharmacy from a village in Žilina region. Results: Totally, 101 questionnaires were collected from 28 villages in Žilina region. From the evaluation of respondent's answers is clear that the most frequently sold phytopharmaceutical is a product from...
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Environmental risk assessment of drugs
Mucalová, Adéla ; Vytlačilová, Jitka (advisor) ; Jahodář, Luděk (referee)
Charles University in Prague Pharmaceutical Faculty in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology Candidate: Adéla Mucalová Consultant: RNDr. Jitka Vytlačilová, Ph.D. Title of thesis: Environmental risk assessment of drugs This work deals with pollution of the environment with human drugs. It suggests the most important ways in which drugs penetrate into groundwater and soil. It outlines the basic principles when considering whether to start watching and then set any action based on the results of the environmental risk assessment. The work is closely focused on oral antibacterial antibiotics and hormonal substances within the meaning of the evaluation of their distribution in the Czech Republic in 2011 and 2012. For this evaluation, the data on consumptions pack converted to kilograms using the following formula: distribution of the active substance (kg) = (power of the active substance (mg) / 1000 000) *contents *number of packages sold. It turned out that consumption of the two groups of substances in the Czech Republic is high, while the knowledge about the correct management of substandard drugs are relatively weak. Keywords: drug residues, waste water, antibiotics, steroid hormones
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