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Advances in applied research in the field of remediation of contaminated groundwater and industrial waste water
Kašparová, Johana ; Innemanová, Petra (advisor) ; Cajthaml, Tomáš (referee)
Water pollution is one of the most serious global problems in today's age. Contamination of water disrupts aquatic ecosystems and their surroundings. A major problem for people in some parts of the world is the decreasing availability of drinking water. In order to prevent further pollution, there are laws, mostly in developed countries, that try to protect water resources. Another procedure to reduce pollution is remediation methods. In the Czech Republic there are entities active in environmental protection deal with remediation technologies and inventories of contaminated sites such as state administration bodies, universities, academies of sciences and private entities. One of the projects that deals with research in the field of environmental damage removal is the "Environmental Research Center: Waste and Circular Economy and Environmental Safety" (No. SS02030008). A partial goal of the project is the inventory of available innovative solutions for contaminated sites for the needs of the state administration. As part of the solution of the submitted bachelor's thesis, the possibility of obtaining the necessary data from publicly available databases focused on applied research and development was verified. The theoretical part focuses on the general characteristics and protection of underground...
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Study of sorption of pharmaceuticals and compounds from personal care products to microplastics underfield conditions
Titov, Ivan ; Cajthaml, Tomáš (advisor) ; Innemanová, Petra (referee)
With the development of civilization and the chemical industry, a whole range of new anthropogenic substances is being introduced into the environment. Some of these substances are produced primarily - targeted for a specific purpose (e.g. pesticides and pharmaceuticals) and others are created as a by-product of chemical synthesis or they are degradation products of primary substances. Whether they are low-molecular substances or macromolecules, in addition to their positive effect on mankind, these substances can also retroactively threaten the environment, including humans. The present work deals with interactions between two groups of xenobiotics, which appear to be a huge global problem. As part of this work, the sorption of a wide group of substances belonging to pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) on man-made microplastics from three types of polymers (PVC, HDPE, and PET) in real wastewater was studied. Two different locations were chosen for this experiment - effluents from wastewater treatment plants. Several sampling devices containing different types of microplastics were installed at these sites, including artificially aged alternatives that better reflect the behavior of microplastics found in real conditions. The results of these experiments showed the ability of...
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Advances in applied research in the field of remediation of contaminated soils
Kratochvílová, Petra ; Innemanová, Petra (advisor) ; Cajthaml, Tomáš (referee)
This thesis summarizes information related to the issue of old ecological burdens and contaminated locations, mostly in the Czech Republic. The most common contaminants occurring in soils of the unsaturated zone, sludges and sediments, and available remediaton methods are characterized. Attention is paid to research and development advances in this field. A methodology was developed for collecting data related to applied research and development projects, from the publicly available CEP, RIV and STARFOS databases and results of these projects were compared. It was found that 54 applied research and development projects in the field of remediation of contaminated soils, sludges and sediments were successfully completed in the Czech Republic in 2010-2021 with a total of 2039 results, of which 464 were results of applied research relevant for this study (hereinafter only applied results), which were results of type P (patent), Z (semi-operation/proven technology), F (utility/functional sample), G (prototype/functional sample), H (results reflected in law regulations and standards), N (methodology/specialized map with expert content) and R (software). These projects were supported by the Technology Agency of the Czech Republic, the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, the Ministry of Industry and...
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Biodegradation of a new type of polyurethane using various soil substrates
Valešová, Kateřina ; Innemanová, Petra (advisor) ; Cajthaml, Tomáš (referee)
Newly developed fully aliphatic polyurethane (PUR) for agriculture applications was exposed to aerobic biodegradation in soil (ASTM D5988-18) and in modification of this method also in standardized soil which is commonly used for ecotoxicological tests. Biodegradability was assessed by measuring released CO2 during the mineralization of the test material. PUR in the natural soil (according to D5988-18) reached 43 ± 15,0% mineralization and in the standardized soil 28 ± 9,9 %. Leachates of both types of soils containing PUR (and leachates of positive controls containing cellulose and negative controls containing pure soil) were tested for ecotoxicity with a marine bacteria Vibrio fischeri after the half-year biodegradation test. The biotest was performed because of the suspicion of toxic effect of dibutyltin dilaurate, which was used as a catalyst within the PUR production. Furthermore, a reduced biodegradation experiment in two variants was carried out (with higher amount of PUR and a corresponding amount of the pure catalyst) in the standardized soil and then the leachates were tested for the ecotoxicity as well. None of the leachates showed ecotoxic effects. A PLFA analysis was performed in addition to the biotest to examine a potential impact of PUR on a microbial diversity (compared to the...
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Community vermicomposting of biodegradable municipal waste
Klubalová, Kateřina ; Innemanová, Petra (advisor) ; Hnátková, Tereza (referee)
The method of vermicomposting experiences a big boom nowadays. The people living in flats can process bio-waste, which they produce on their own. Therefore, the amount of biodegradable municipal waste contained in the dumped mixed municipal waste slightly reduces. In addition, people can benefit from high-quality products called vermicompost and its leachate called worm tea. In this work I summarize acquired knowledge about the vermicomposting focusing on kitchen waste, about conditions, which this method demands, about composition and the possibility of using the end products. Also, it is discussed which bio-waste is suitable for vermicomposting and what earthworm species can be used. The theoretical side of using worm tea in the hydroponic cultivation of plants is discussed. The toxicity of different concentrations of worm tea on a seeds of Sinapis Alba was tested in the experimental part. The concentration row 2,5; 5,0; 7,5; and 10,0 vol. % of four different samples of worm tea from different bio- waste was used. Distilled water was used as a control solution. The values of inhibition for each concentration of worm tea were calculated. Available literature recommends to dilute worm tea in ratio of 1:9 with water. However, the results showed that this dilution is already inhibitory for some...
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Romany Religion, Tradition and Customs
Innemanová, Petra ; Hošek, Pavel (advisor) ; Weiniger, Rut Jochanan (referee)
Romany Religion, Tradition and Customs I tried to describe tradition and customs of Slovakian Romany people in my thesis, I showed their life cycle from birth and christening up to dying, death and funeral. The Romany attitude towards faith and religion is showed too which lies on natural animistic basis mainly, combined with elements borrowed from Christian religion of the major population. I looked for the traditional customs in my family, our ancestors come from Bardějov in Slovakia. I was interested in the fact to which extent the original values and Romany roots maintained. The information I obtained in the conversation, observation and my own experience I used in my thesis. The information is an insight into the Romany community, shows the degree of confirmation of cultural elements and the change of attitudes within one family in three generations. The portion of non-Romany origin is higher gradually and the total degree of the influence of the major Czech culture is higher as well. This is an entirely subjective view on the fact and selfreflexion is added which could be a basis for a deeper research. Chapter one deals with the purpose of the thesis. In the chapter two I describe the methodology and the research sample. Chapter three deals with religion and particular Romany traditional...
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Study of biodrying technology for MSW
Pilnáček, Vojtěch ; Benešová, Libuše (advisor) ; Innemanová, Petra (referee)
Main objective of the work was to design and construct a model biodrying reactor and to try out two aeration regimes. Additional objective was to asses usability of the process for Czech waste. Model reactor was successfully designed, constructed and put into operation. Two different aeration regimes were examined: regime controlled by oxygen concentration and regime controlled by temperature in upper layer of the reactor. Better results in light of net calorific value and moisture elimination had regimes controlled by temperature in upper layer of the reactor. In light of energy budget regime controlled by oxygen concentration n. 2 performed better. Results strongly depend on composition of waste (organic fraction content) and ambient air moisture. On the basis of these results new interesting questions arise. Czech waste is energetically usable for processing by biodrying. From economic point of view insufficiency of market for produced fuel is a main problem.
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The Transmission of Romanian Traditional Values of Mixed Romany-Czech Marriages
Innemanová, Petra ; Dočkal, Jan (advisor) ; Kuchař, Pavel (referee)
The goal of my graduation treatise is research of three generations of mixed Romany-Czech marriages in the aspects of upbringing, education and traditions and how and how many of these aspects were transmitted in a progress of time. Which Romanian traditional values have kept during the theree genarations of the inter marriages. In the theoretical part of my treatise I tried to describe all topics which I then researched in the practical part with individual couples which were namely the fellowship in the family, individual roles among the members of the family, upbringing, relationship to education, traditions and rituals in a traditionnal Romany family. The purpose of this research is to find out if and how Romany partners are assimilated into the major society. My methods were: the qualitative method, participatory observation and dialogs with individual respondents. The results clearly indicate that assimilation into the major society is very succesful as well as a higher level of education, older age of partners when they get married and have their firt child. Their birth rate is lower as the generations pass. Some further interesting facts are that the second generation of mixed marriages doesn't keep a lot from Romany culture, language, history and traditions and that which has been kept is practised...
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Diversity of soil microbial communities in relation to biodegradation of polymers
Hušek, Pavel ; Jandová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Innemanová, Petra (referee)
Polymer materials have had a big impact on the industry in the 20th century and replaced a large amount of then used materials. Plastic waste, however, has subsequently become a big problem that needs a solution. One of the possible solutions is to produce biodegradable plastics, that should degrade in nature by themselves and therefore not increase the volume of plastic waste. Their degradation, however, is often only partial and the dynamics of polymer biodegradation in soil are not yet fully understood. In this thesis, we are investigating biodegradability of polyurethanes in field soil as it has high ecological relevance. The text consists of two parts. The first part is literary research on mechanisms of biodegradation of polymer materials and methods which are commonly used for characterization of microbial communities. The second part is our own laboratory project that aims to evaluate the effect of biodegradation of polyurethane on soil microbial communities. We assume that mostly fungi and bacteria taxa will take part in the biodegradation and will use enzymatically catalyzed hydrolysis to degrade the polyurethane foam. Key words: Biodegradation, polyurethane, soil, microbial communities, PLFA
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