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Effect of Trampling on the Vegetation of Dry Grasslands
Vacková, Nikol ; Horčičková, Eva (advisor) ; Husáková, Iveta (referee)
1 It has been proved that the effect of vegetation trampling (Anthropogenic and animal) significantly changed. The aim of this study was to gather available information of these changes and effects of secondary factors, particularly focusing on the dry-grasslands (Festuco-Brometea). Vegetation on trampling disturbed areas is already much lower, it has less vegetation cover and there is more bare soil. On the bare soils increases temperature and greater evaporation of water. Due to changes of climatic conditions of microhabitats the diversity of species is changing. Vegetation is not changed only on the trampling trails, but also in the surrounding area, up to a distance of 2 meters from the trail. Most vulnerable to trampling and most susceptible for changes in vegetation are moist habitats, the most resistant type of vegetation is thermophilic dry-grasslands. The behavior, abundance and intensity of browsing animals have also effect on vegetation changes. Animals during their browsing vegetation disperse seeds and plants spread beyond their natural occurance.
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Survey on the Effectiveness of the Outdoor Education on Grammar School Students
Husáková, Iveta ; Čížková, Věra (advisor) ; Dostál, Petr (referee)
6 Abstract Long-term outdoor education and programs can have positive impact on students' knowledge as well as their attitude and also behavior. On the other hand the effect of short-term programs is questionable. However, these programs are the most important in practice. There are only few studies dealing with the effectiveness of short-term programs on both short-term as well as long-term outcomes of students. Moreover, most of these studies were applied for primary school students. The aim of this thesis was to compare the short-term and the long-term effectiveness of outdoor education (field trip) with traditional education at the school. The comparison was made on the topic of ecosystems. I particularly wanted to examine the differences between (1) the results of experimental and control group in individual tests, (2) results of all students in subsequent tests as well as (3) in relation to other parameters of students. There were 102 students from three grammar schools participating on the experiment. On each school there always was one experimental class which was taught in the field, and one control class which was taught by the traditional way at the school. In the outdoor education, students solved specific practical tasks and problems according to worksheets and they were working in groups. As a...
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Species diversity, distribution and interspecific and intraspecific variation in performance of dry grassland species
Husáková, Iveta ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Janeček, Štěpán (referee) ; Cousins, Sara (referee)
In fragmented landscapes, survival and dynamics of plant species may be determined not only by local habitat conditions but also by landscape structure and its changes over time as well as by species life-history traits and their local population dynamics. Understanding the factors and processes determining diversity, distribution and variation in performance in species of fragmented habitats is thus very complex. Most previous studies focused only on some particular factors. However, studies that explored the relative importance of all these factors for species diversity and composition are rare, especially in dry grassland communities. Also studies exploring variation in species performance in relation to landscape fragmentation usually deal only with a single species and were often done in different study systems making generalization difficult. The aim of this Ph.D. thesis was to explore factors that are responsible for species diversity, distribution and interspecific and intraspecific variation in performance of dry grassland species occurring in a system of dry grassland-like forest openings in the forested landscape. In Chapter 1 I examined the effect of current and past landscape structure and local habitat conditions on species richness at dry grassland-like forest openings and assessed...
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Species diversity, distribution and interspecific and intraspecific variation in performance of dry grassland species
Husáková, Iveta
In fragmented landscapes, survival and dynamics of plant species may be determined not only by local habitat conditions but also by landscape structure and its changes over time as well as by species life-history traits and their local population dynamics. Understanding the factors and processes determining diversity, distribution and variation in performance in species of fragmented habitats is thus very complex. Most previous studies focused only on some particular factors. However, studies that explored the relative importance of all these factors for species diversity and composition are rare, especially in dry grassland communities. Also studies exploring variation in species performance in relation to landscape fragmentation usually deal only with a single species and were often done in different study systems making generalization difficult. The aim of this Ph.D. thesis was to explore factors that are responsible for species diversity, distribution and interspecific and intraspecific variation in performance of dry grassland species occurring in a system of dry grassland-like forest openings in the forested landscape. In Chapter 1 I examined the effect of current and past landscape structure and local habitat conditions on species richness at dry grassland-like forest openings and assessed...
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Species diversity, distribution and interspecific and intraspecific variation in performance of dry grassland species
Husáková, Iveta
In fragmented landscapes, survival and dynamics of plant species may be determined not only by local habitat conditions but also by landscape structure and its changes over time as well as by species life-history traits and their local population dynamics. Understanding the factors and processes determining diversity, distribution and variation in performance in species of fragmented habitats is thus very complex. Most previous studies focused only on some particular factors. However, studies that explored the relative importance of all these factors for species diversity and composition are rare, especially in dry grassland communities. Also studies exploring variation in species performance in relation to landscape fragmentation usually deal only with a single species and were often done in different study systems making generalization difficult. The aim of this Ph.D. thesis was to explore factors that are responsible for species diversity, distribution and interspecific and intraspecific variation in performance of dry grassland species occurring in a system of dry grassland-like forest openings in the forested landscape. In Chapter 1 I examined the effect of current and past landscape structure and local habitat conditions on species richness at dry grassland-like forest openings and assessed...
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Species diversity, distribution and interspecific and intraspecific variation in performance of dry grassland species
Husáková, Iveta ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Janeček, Štěpán (referee) ; Cousins, Sara (referee)
In fragmented landscapes, survival and dynamics of plant species may be determined not only by local habitat conditions but also by landscape structure and its changes over time as well as by species life-history traits and their local population dynamics. Understanding the factors and processes determining diversity, distribution and variation in performance in species of fragmented habitats is thus very complex. Most previous studies focused only on some particular factors. However, studies that explored the relative importance of all these factors for species diversity and composition are rare, especially in dry grassland communities. Also studies exploring variation in species performance in relation to landscape fragmentation usually deal only with a single species and were often done in different study systems making generalization difficult. The aim of this Ph.D. thesis was to explore factors that are responsible for species diversity, distribution and interspecific and intraspecific variation in performance of dry grassland species occurring in a system of dry grassland-like forest openings in the forested landscape. In Chapter 1 I examined the effect of current and past landscape structure and local habitat conditions on species richness at dry grassland-like forest openings and assessed...
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Effect of Trampling on the Vegetation of Dry Grasslands
Vacková, Nikol ; Horčičková, Eva (advisor) ; Husáková, Iveta (referee)
1 It has been proved that the effect of vegetation trampling (Anthropogenic and animal) significantly changed. The aim of this study was to gather available information of these changes and effects of secondary factors, particularly focusing on the dry-grasslands (Festuco-Brometea). Vegetation on trampling disturbed areas is already much lower, it has less vegetation cover and there is more bare soil. On the bare soils increases temperature and greater evaporation of water. Due to changes of climatic conditions of microhabitats the diversity of species is changing. Vegetation is not changed only on the trampling trails, but also in the surrounding area, up to a distance of 2 meters from the trail. Most vulnerable to trampling and most susceptible for changes in vegetation are moist habitats, the most resistant type of vegetation is thermophilic dry-grasslands. The behavior, abundance and intensity of browsing animals have also effect on vegetation changes. Animals during their browsing vegetation disperse seeds and plants spread beyond their natural occurance.
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|
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Survey on the Effectiveness of the Outdoor Education on Grammar School Students
Husáková, Iveta ; Čížková, Věra (advisor) ; Dostál, Petr (referee)
6 Abstract Long-term outdoor education and programs can have positive impact on students' knowledge as well as their attitude and also behavior. On the other hand the effect of short-term programs is questionable. However, these programs are the most important in practice. There are only few studies dealing with the effectiveness of short-term programs on both short-term as well as long-term outcomes of students. Moreover, most of these studies were applied for primary school students. The aim of this thesis was to compare the short-term and the long-term effectiveness of outdoor education (field trip) with traditional education at the school. The comparison was made on the topic of ecosystems. I particularly wanted to examine the differences between (1) the results of experimental and control group in individual tests, (2) results of all students in subsequent tests as well as (3) in relation to other parameters of students. There were 102 students from three grammar schools participating on the experiment. On each school there always was one experimental class which was taught in the field, and one control class which was taught by the traditional way at the school. In the outdoor education, students solved specific practical tasks and problems according to worksheets and they were working in groups. As a...
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