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Cizorodé látky ve včelích produktech
Vlášková, Jana ; Hučko, Boris (advisor)
Práce by měla být zaměřena na sumarizaci informací o včelích produktech, výskyt cizorodých látek v nich, zejména v medu. Přehled chemických vlastností, způsobu získávání včetně jejich dalších vlastností, kvůli kterým se tyto produkty získávají. Rozlišení jednotlivých druhů medů, které se vyskytují v ČR a v zahraničí. Dále specifikace cizorodých látek (pesticidy, antibiotika, těžké kovy). Porovnání výsledků testování v ČR a zahraničí v posledních letech. Určení trendu výskytu cizorodých látek v medu. Zjištění obecného povědomí o této problematice u lidí v produktivním věku
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Puppies and young dogs nutritions
Šabatová, Kateřina ; Hučko, Boris (advisor) ; Plachý, Vladimír (referee)
Puppies and young dogs nutritions Summary In this work I have attempted to summarize the most important aspects in nutrition of puppies and dogs in growth. The introduction describes the digestive tract and also the changes that have occurred due to domestication. Next is explained the importance of nutrition and water in nutritional requirements of a dog. Important are needs of nutrients and energy that are necessary to maintain the provision of the necessary vital functions. The basic components of food are proteins, saccharides, lipids, minerals and vitamins. I explain the necessary proportions, the amounts and the possible consequences of their lack in food. I focus on essential fatty acids, which in recent years are subject to frequent explorations and their pros and cons are not yet fully understood. I also mention ballast and significant specific active substances. Nutrition of pregnant and lactating females is often neglected, but for puppies it is a very crucial period. The influence of nutrition of pregnant females to the size and weight of newborn puppies has been proved. Further I deal with nutrition of puppies immediately after birth, I explain the composition of colostrum and its effect on the immunity system of the puppy. I also compare ratios of nutrients in the colostrum and milk. Further, I deal with the feeding of the individual at the time of weaning and in different growth periods. There are many possibilities of feeding puppies from after weaning until adulthood described in books. With the new knowledge about nutrition the ways of feeding our dogs have inevitably changed , but also the dogs' nutritional requirements have changed due to the conditions where and how they live and what their nutrient needs are according to their sport, breeding or other use. Currently, there is a possibility of a commercially produced complete nutritional diet or home-prepared fresh food - cooked or raw- barf. In the last chapter, I summarized possible aspects of malnutrition and its potential consequences. I described the most common problems associated with inadequate nutrition of growing dogs such as obesity as well as malnutrition, which also adversely affects the individual. The influence of proper nutrition of the puppy on its growth is clear. If we neglect the nutrition of the dog in the first two years of its life, the consequences are often irreversible.
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Effect of evening primrose oil om selected physiological parameters of thoroughbred horses under training conditions
Mikešová, Kateřina ; Hučko, Boris (advisor) ; Václav, Václav (referee)
Physical exercise increases tissue demand for oxygen and cell respiration, resulting in the generation of free radicals and reactive oxygen species. Overproduction of oxidants exceeding the cellular antioxidant capacity results in oxidative stress. Oxidative stress leads to tissue damage of a wide range of biomolecules and causes metabolic changes that consequently influence performance. To protect against oxidative stress, the body has an effective antioxidant defence system, including non-enzymatic and enzymatic components. The antioxidative effect of evening primrose oil (EPO) administration on the oxidative stress of race horses during their regular training period was determined. The eight-week experiment was performed on ten clinically healthy thoroughbred horses. All the horses were enrolled in a regular training program. Eight weeks before the experiment, the horses were fed a diet which remained the same for the following eight weeks, only supplemented with 150 ml EPO (blood samplings 3 times). Total antioxidant reactivity, thiobarbituric acid reacting substances, uric acid, levels, activities of muscle enzymes, eg. aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, and parameters of fatty acid metabolism such as triacylglycerols and nonesterified fatty acids were determined. Average values of TAS after supplementation with EPO rose gradually and were detected at significantly higher levels in the sixth week in comparison with the control. The concentration of malondialdehyde, measured as TBARS, decreased significantly compared with the untreated control. The activities of AST and CK fluctuated, but no disturbance was demonstrated in muscle homeostasis. The present results indicate that the total antioxidant activity of the thoroughbred horses fed a diet supplemented with EPO was higher, and it helped stabilize the permeability of the muscle cell membranes in the horses at full workload.
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The alimentary diseases of pet animals
Kohoutová, Monika ; Kodeš, Alois (advisor) ; Hučko, Boris (referee)
Thesis is focused on characteristics of disease, that arised due to bad nutrition of animals. In regards of comprehensiveness of chosen topic, the main point of attention was given on cats in unity of stated aim and methods of the thesis.
The introduction is based on specifying of main terms and following the resolution of external enviroment factors such as stabling, hygiene of cat breeding and their nutrition since birth. Mainly no literature does not state the right structure of feed dose in detail, we can only work with estimated data. Our effort has been using the scientific literature to choose the generalizing opinions about optimal compounds of feed, nutrition value and feed proper or improper for domestic cats.
The most important part of the thesis is diseases caused by malnutrition of cats. Basic problems connected with feed intake are reluctance, vommiting, diarrhoea, constipation and tooth caries. Next part is based on obesity that is severe metabolic defect and causes other relevant malformations. Following part is about nutrition allergies and intolerance problems.
Finally, in the end of this work there are said inherent problems caused by lack of some feed components causing troubles with fur and skeleton.
Health problems or disorders associated with food are first characterized and further described their causes, treatment and prevention. The treatment can be done by the breeder in some ways; in more difficult cases is necessarry to ask the Veterinarian who sets individual treatment plan.
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The risks of disease in dogs associated with improper nutrition
Pečená, Jana ; Kodeš, Alois (advisor) ; Hučko, Boris (referee)
It is modern to have a pet in this time. Only in the Czech Republic have every second family one cat or dog. With increasing popularity of livestock breeding are animals often kept by people without experiences, who don´t know, what animals need. In the case of dogs exist lots of organizations, who help owners with training and playing with dogs, they allow the dog to exhibit or caring about treir appearance. But it´s only few oraginazations, who teach owners, how to feed the dogs, how many nutrients thein dog need for healthy growing, shiny hair or making some activities. Owners and breeders of dogs are under pressure of advertisements, who convince them about quality of fodders and it´s few of owners, who are interested about real quality nutrition for dogs.
This work provides general summary of basic feed ingredients, their importace for functioning organism and results of improper ratios between them. Subsequently focuses the most often ways of feeding dogs, their characteristic, disadvantages and possible risks due to the lack of consistency in feeding. Hereafter are listed problems and diseases, who can develop from inaccurate balanced food or badly modify food.
It´s need to understand dependence between organism and nutrients. Important is a way of feeding dogs with their risks. Appropriate and inappropriate viands must be accepted. In conclusion of this work can be said, that compilation of balanced diet is very complicated process, which can easily causes bad aftermath and which must be accepted.
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Dietary and other allergies in animals
Kubíčková, Jana ; Kodeš, Alois (advisor) ; Hučko, Boris (referee)
Allergies are currently problems not only people, alsomostly animals.This bachelor thesis is mainly focusing on a few selected allergies and their symptoms, which are occuring in animals. Firstly, the basic concepts of alergology isdescribed along with anature and emergence of allergies. An allergy can beunderstoodas an immune response of the organism to antigens, which come from an external environment. They couldoriginate from inhalation, contact, insect or drug allergens. There are four known types of hypersensitivity reactions.
Secondly, the thesis focuses on the explanation of allergiesdiagnoses, which arecarried out differently according to the type of presumed allergy. Most frequently used are dermaltests followed by dietonesconsisting of nourishment that is without componentsthat might potentially cause food allergies. Clinical signs and symptoms help us to reveal the type of allergy we are dealing with and what is its exact form. Some of those symptoms might be gastrointestinal disorders, respiratory difficulties or skin manifestations of allergies. Further, there will be stated examples of allergies that give difficulties to animals as well as their treatment options. The primary treatment is the removal of the identified allergen from the environment in which the animal lives.
If the allergen can not be removed from everyday life, a specific allergen therapy might be the a solution.The method is based on the gradual administration of increasing doses of the antigen into the organism. This ensures a sufficient cumulative dose of allergen inthe body, which causes the alleviation of clinical symptoms, or even the complete disappearance of difficulties in the exposure to the allergen.
This desensibilization also referred to as hyposensibilization currently seems to be the best method of treatment, especially for the hypersensitivity reactions.Method of specific allergen therapy shows great results and in the future will certainly be very used. Veterinary doctors and different companies,
however, are working on new research related to treatmentof allergies and so it is very likely that not only the method of allergen therapy, but other methods of suppression of symptoms will be in the future replaced by other, better methods of treatment.
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Alimentary intoxication and poisoning animals
Pirklová, Darina ; Kodeš, Alois (advisor) ; Hučko, Boris (referee)
The primary aim was to dokument with the use of literary knowledge, basic information about the risk of intoxications and poisonings of the animals, their causes, as the case may be physiological or chemical substance, including preventive measures, both to maintain good health, efficiency and performance of animals, and the quality and safety of animal products.
This thesis is a literary research on the topic of food intoxication and poisonings of animals. The first part of study is focused on the occurrence of anti-nutritional and toxic substances in fodder and their effects on health and efficiency of animals. The another section describes poisonings of each animal species, their causations and consequences. The final chapter is devoted to the quality and safety of animal products and the possibility of monitoring their quality.
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The incidence of postpartum diseases - ketosis, acidosis, depending on which condition and structure of the of rations in transition
Bubnová, Zuzana ; Hučko, Boris (advisor) ; Jiří, Jiří (referee)
This thesis formed on the observation of the influence of body condition score (BCS) before calving on the prevalence of ketosis after calving and the structure of mixed ration on prevalence of rumen acidosis in production herd.
This thesis was made on the farm AGROBOS Ltd. in Slatina where 165 cows are raised. 25 cows and 10 heifers were assessed in dry period and whole herd of dairy cows in the production hall was monitored for performance (PM).
Body condition score of cows and heifers was assessed in the period before calving on a five point scale with resolution of 0.25 points. Blood samples were taken from them from the base of the tail after calving. The concentration of betahydroxybutyrate (BHB) was monitored in blood at first to fourth days after calving using FreeStyle Optimum NEO. The structure of mixed ration in the production hall was evaluated using Penn State separator. The fat protein ratio from the PM system MOOML was observed and evaluated for incidence of chronic rumen acidosis.
The measured values of BHB, the structure of the diet and the fat - protein ratio values were compared with the recommended values. As a criterium for a healthy state, the BHB concentration of 1.4 mmol / l was selected. The rumen acidosis limit for the fat protein ratio was set at 1.1. A lower fat protein ration was designated as ruminal acidosis. The suggested ration amounts for cows have been adjusted based on a grain mixture which was separately administered to dairy farms by the milking robot.
Ketosis was detected in 83 % of cows on the second or higher lactation of which 9.5 % had higher condition before calving, so 3.75 point or higher. All evaluated heifers suffered ketosis after calving and 70 % had elevated condition before calving.
The structure of the mixed ration had the highest deviations in proportions of large particles on upper sieve of separator. Up to 50 % of the particles for a mesh size of 19 mm were found.
The average fat protein ratio was 1.12 in the whole herd. Cows, which was measured for BHB and subsequently monitored in performance during first lactation, had in the first period the average proportion of fat - protein ratio of 1.09, suggesting that the heifers on average suffered from ruminal acidosis in early lactation. Cows at second and higher lactation had in the first month of performance the average ratio of fat and protein of 1.17.
Measured values: BCS and BHB; F/P and structure of mixed ration were statistically evaluated using correlation. But we have not confirmed of dependence on one production illness.
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Eating disorders.
Florianová, Jana ; Hučko, Boris (advisor) ; Hroncová, Zuzana (referee)
Summary
This Bachelor thesis is devoted to problems of eating disorders that today affect a large percentage of the young population worldwide. Especially young girls and women aged from 15 to 30 years. There are many studies dealing with eating disorders in recent days, but we still know very little about them.
Anorexia nervosa is a disorder based mainly on the mental condition of the patient. Persons suffering from anorexia nervosa have a distorted idea about their own bodies and depending on this they refuse food. The extensive effort to lose weight results in over-exercising and/or using different medications such as anorectics and diuretics. There can also occur various forms of chronic illness, some symptoms may be overlooked or underestimated for a long time. Anorexia can cause many health problems and the risk of death is greatly increased in individuals with this disease.
Bulimia nervosa is characterized mainly by recurrent bouts of overeating (binge eating). It is also associated with excessive weight control. Subsequent feature is usually the guilt of overeating followed by compensatory behaviour such as vomiting. Therefore some frmale patients abuse laxatives or diuretics. Individuals with bulimia nervosa have due to induced vomiting swollen salivary glands, and bad teeth. Compared with anorexia nervosa there are no symptoms of malnutrition and frequent deaths.
Treatment of eating disorders is very complicated. Due to the different forms it is very difficult to recognize whether it is really an eating disorder. Preconditions for healing are the patients´ cooperation and motivation, together with the help and support of family and friends. Unfortunately, there is no treatment method, medication or surgery, which would have been clearly effective for all disorders.
Prevention should decrease the risk of occurrence of eating disorders from an early age already. However, nowadays where the media play very important role, and the cult of beauty are models who themselves usually suffer from one of the eating disorders, the task to create a quality and effective prevention is almost impossible. There is a citizens association called Anabell in our county that offers advice, consultancy and therapy. Prevention should be increased especially at primary schools, where there are the target groups in danger of these diseases.
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The influence of nutrition on the incidence of obesity among children aged 10 - 15 years.
Svobodová, Hana ; Hučko, Boris (advisor) ; Markéta , Markéta (referee)
The main aim of this thesis was identify nutritional status, especially the incidence of overweight and obesity among children aged 10 - 15 years and evaluate the qualitative and quantitative aspects of eating, eating habits and regularity of eating in relationship to physical parameters. This research deals with the frequency and type of physical activity, which is also an integral part of a healthy lifestyle. The research was conducted at children´s department in Klaudián´s hospital in Mladá Boleslav, in the presence of person, who was carried out this research. Data collection was carried out by filling questionnaires and real measurements of physical parameters or using data measured in the doctor´s office. Obtained anthropometric data were analyzed by using percentile graphs. Questions regarding eating and physical activities were evaluated separately. It was found that 16,25 % of the 80 examined individuals were overweight and 22,50 % obese. It was found that the BMI and subsequent inclusion in the percentile graphs correlates well with the values of the waist circumference.The link between diet and the prevalence of overweight or obesity was not proven. The most commonly consumed inappropriate nutrition component are sweetened beverage. Half of individuals do physical activity at least 3 times a week. H1 hypothesis, which assumed the prevalence of obesity among examined individuals greater than 13 % was confirmed. It also was confirmed hypothesis H3, which was supposed to sweetened drinks daily drinking less than one third of respondents. Other hypotheses H2 and H4 were rejected.The research confirmed the current trend of increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity. At the same time, there was found deficiency in the quality of consumed food and the frequency of physical activity. Nutrition and principles of healthy eating are not the only one cause of this problem, although they have large share on development of overweight and obesity.
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