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Environmental tobacco smoke in bars and restaurants
Tesař, Tomáš ; Braniš, Martin (advisor) ; Hovorka, Jan (referee)
Tobacco smoking has been proved to be harmful to human health and is a known cause of many diseases. It has been shown that not only active smoking can cause health inconveniences - even an exposure to the environmental tobacco smoke (so called secondhand - SHS - or passive smoking) is a serious threat to human health, in some aspects nearly as severe as active smoking. Being aware of these risks, many countries have recently amended their policies which more or less restrict smoking in public places, especially workplaces and hospitality venues. In the Czech Republic, the smoke-free policy belongs to the less strict related to other countries, because it does not restrict smoking at all public places - restaurant and bar owners can choose whether their venue is smoke-free or not and their duty is only to label their venue both outside and inside. The law also enables the option of setting smoking and non-smoking spaces within the restaurant or bar. In a representative sample (over 100) of smoking and non-smoking sections of these restaurants and bars the concentrations of PM2.5, a marker of SHS concentrations, were measured with a photometer. The venues were divided into 3 groups according to the extent of separation of the sections. Parallel to the measurements, the gender composition and smoking...
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Changes speed indicators by influence of specific fatigue in soccer players
Hovorka, Jakub ; Malý, Tomáš (advisor) ; Teplan, Jaroslav (referee)
Title Changes speed indicators by influence of specific fatigue in soccer players. Aim of Study Diagnose specific effects of fatigue from the soccer match on the manifestation of speed abilities of football players at AC Sparta Praha categories of players up to 19 years. Method Selected research sample consists of 11 players on the year of birth 1994 (3 players), 1995 (7 players) and 1996 (1 player) U19 category. Tested sample passed measurement in one friendly match against the same old players. They passed the test 4 times before the game, 4 times at the half-time break and 4 times immediately after game. During this testing, I watched the effect of fatigue on specific speed capability of players. At work, I used a quantitative research method. I prepared and statistically evaluated the resulting data obtained during testing using photocells. Results Testing was attended by 11 players from selected professional club team U19 category . Measurement of speed in field test was measured using photocells Brower Timing System. The results provide informations about the speed capabilities of the players and their reduction during the fatigue gradually emerging during a football game. The results reveal that the speed capabilities of most players were reduced. They also briefly deal with the question...
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Concentrations of indoor submicrometer and supermicrometer particulate matter in a primary school in Prague
Štolcpartová, Jitka ; Braniš, Martin (advisor) ; Hovorka, Jan (referee)
Children are a susceptible group to environment pollution. The environment, in which they spend the most time, is the home, the second is the school. Therefore, the indoor environment of a school affects their health, wellbeing and even school results. The present work investigated concentrations of air pollutant, aerosol particles, in the specialized classrooms (computer lab, arts and biology/chemistry) in an elementary school, Prague. Direct reading instruments measuring mass concentration of four aerosol fractions and number concentration of submicrometer particles were used for measurement. Measurements were carried out for four weekdays in each month from November 2011 to July 2012. It was found that mass concentrations of submicrometer particles were dependent on outdoor concentrations, in contrast to supermicrometer particles which were affected mainly by physical activities of students and outdoor concentration had a minimal effect. Increased number concentrations of submicrometer particles were observed only during children presence, concentrations were probably induced by student activities during lessons. Seasons also influenced mass concentrations, when the highest indoor and outdoor concentrations were recorded in a spring/autumn season. Classroom location affected submicrometer...
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Ethics in Sport
Hovorka, Josef ; Hogenová, Anna (advisor) ; Pelcová, Naděžda (referee)
Author's first name and surname: BSc. Josef Hovorka Title of the master thesis: ETHICS IN SPORT Department: Institute for Sociology, Philosophy and Ethics Supervisor: Prof. PhDr. Anna Hogenová, CSc. Year of presentation: 2012 Abstract: The aim of the thesis is to present a new approach to the topic "Ethics in Sport", to initiate a change in the attitude to sport, to create a preventive-educative programme and to change the approach to the education not only of athlets, but also of chidren and the youth in general in the Czech Republic. Keywords: Game, Whole, Tune, Olympism, Doping, Fair Play I agree the thesis to be lent within the library service.
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PAH bond to nanoparticles of atmospheric aerosol: substrate specifity.
Bendl, Jan ; Hovorka, Jan (advisor) ; Cajthaml, Tomáš (referee)
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are reviewed including their chemical and chemical- physical features, their impact on health and the environment. Different behaviour of PAHs is mentioned. The detailed instruction for the measurement using high-volume cascade impactor BGI 900 (Hi-Vol) is described. Cleaning, equilibration, weighting, protection against contamination of the substrates and technique of the measurement were introduced. The experiment was done: under the last teflon back-up filter the extra PUF substrate was placed, where after the air exposition the significant amounts of gaseous phase of phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene and benzo(a)anthracene were captured. The extent of the volatile PAHs capture correlated positively with the vapour pressure (ranging from 10-4 to 10-1 Pa.). The other measured PAHs (coronene, benzo(ghi)perylene, chrysene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, benzo(a)pyrene, dibenzo(a,h)anthracene and indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene) with vapour pressure from 10-5 to 10-10 Pa were not captured. The experiment found out that polyurethane (PUF) substrates captured in noticeable amount the volatile phase of PAHs and therefore the correction for the capture of gaseous phase in the particle size fractions of PAHs was calculated. The deduction for the...
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Role of aerosol in climate change
Švátora, Milan ; Hůnová, Iva (advisor) ; Hovorka, Jan (referee)
Atmospheric aerosol is a suspension of liquid or solid particles or their mixture in the atmosphere. Tropospheric aerosols can get into the air from its natural sources or from anthropogenic sources. Release of carbon dioxide from burning fossil fuels and organic and elemental carbon from biomass burning are the major anthropogenic sources of aerosols. Primary aerosols have a direct source of emissions (dust from quarries or from land, sea salt particles in the waves, volcanic ash during volcanic eruptions). Secondary aerosols are formed by chemical reactions of substances in the atmosphere, which converts the gas particles - so- called conversion of gases to particles (formation of nitrates by oxidation of nitrogen oxides and sulfates from sulfur dioxide). Atmospheric aerosol is an important component of the atmosphere and contributes to significant atmospheric events, such as precipitation formation and precipation fall, radiation balance of Earth. Aerosols can affect the radiation balance of the Earth in two ways. First, through absorption and scattering of shortwave and long wave radiation - so-called direct effect. Or serve as condensation nuclei on which water is condenses. Aerosols can affect formation, quantity, length of existence and radiation properties of clouds - so-called indirect effect. In...
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Energy saving buildings
Raška, David ; Přibil, Rudolf (advisor) ; Hovorka, Jan (referee)
Práce se zabývá problematikou nízkoenergetických a pasivních domů, včetně předložení důvodů pro jejich výstavbu. Poukazuje na jejich vlastnosti a sledované parametry pro splnění požadovaných hodnot. Dále pojednává o nejdůležitějších podmínkách pro výběr polohy energeticky efektivních staveb a o doporučeném zónování místností dle světových stran v závislosti na slunečním záření. Uvádí možnosti složení konstrukčních částí a nejčastěji používané výtopné systémy pro energeticky efektivní stavby, které jsou svým provozem šetrnější k životnímu prostředí. Cílem je předložit ucelenou informaci o daném tématu tak, aby bylo možno vyvozovat závěry podporující praktické využití těchto staveb, a to především z hlediska potenciálu značných energetických úspor. Práce rovněž vypovídá o vývoji výstavby energeticky úsporných budov v České republice. Abstract: This work is concerned with questions of energy saving buildings, including introduction of reasons for their building-up. It refers about their characteristics and evaluated parameters for meeting it's requirements. Further it deals with the most important conditions for choosing of location for energy saving buildings and about recommended zoning of rooms according to cardinal points depending on solar radiation. Indicates the posibilities of composition...
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Trends of ambient ozone in the Northern hemisphere
Bučková, Nicole ; Hůnová, Iva (advisor) ; Hovorka, Jan (referee)
The development of ground-level ozone concentrations is currently hotly debated topic. Ozone itself is highly toxic and has strong oxidizing effects. Ozone has negative impact on human health, but also on vegetation. In addition ozone is one of the most important greenhouse gases causing the greenhouse effect. The Council of Europe decided to limit its increasing tendency by the release of Directive 2002/3/EC. Limits that are set in this Directive are binding for all Member States without exception and breach of these limits is enforceable by law. However as a result of increased anthropogenic activities, particularly increased consumption of fossil fuels and the development of industrialization, those limits are very often breached. Especially in summer when is solar radiation is most intense. This suggests that the highest ozone concentrations are in southern Europe. North Europe has problems with intercontinental transport of ozone. Concentration of ozone is dependent on many factors - the weather conditions, the geography but also the impact from human activity. This paper describes the development of ground-level ozone concentrations in various regions in Europe and North America. In writing this work, I come out mainly from foreign studies that address this topic. Keywords: ozone,...
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Resuspension chamber as a tool for determination of resuspendable fraction of soil and street dust
Civiš, Martin ; Hovorka, Jan (advisor) ; Ždímal, Vladimír (referee) ; Střižík, Michal (referee)
A purpose-built cylindrical resuspension chamber (V=0.437 m3 , S=0.35 m2 , S/V=8.38) was used for the dispersion of samples of soil and various kinds of dust. The samples were studied from the point of view of the number and mass distribution of aerosol particles which could affect the concentration of atmospheric aerosol. The samples were taken from lignite, power plant flue ash and from overburden soil in the North Bohemian surface mine Nastup. The individual samples were pneumatically dispersed inside the chamber under defined temperature-humidity conditions (20řC and relative humidity (RH) 50 %). An APS (Aerodynamic Particle Sizer) processing provided us with average size distributions of particle mass and number. Lignite and flue ash probably have the greatest potential impact on the concentration of atmospheric aerosol in the studied locality. The amount of the resuspended mass of the samples varied between 0.001 % (overburden soil) and 0.32 % (mine road). The lignite and flue ash samples were then analyzed by gravimetric methods using the HI (Harvard Impactor) and the SCI (Sioutas Cascade Impactor). The flue ash contained higher amounts of fine particles than the lignite. Subsequent chemical analysis by electron microscope of the filters with deposits of power plant flue ash showed that the PM2.5...
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Shapes of writing in modern American poetry and art: Ashbery, Andre, Twombly
Hovorka, Jakub ; Armand, Louis (advisor) ; Quinn, Justin (referee)
The three artists/poets brought together by this thesis are radically different from one another not only in their vocations but also in their ways of writing and making. It is hard, and perhaps impossible, to unite them on a single plane. John Ashbery is a poet and his poetry as it is here presented in terms of its relation to Abstract Expressionism and Pop Art is one of disjunction, disorientation and dislocation, a space where relationships and orders are subjected to destruction and erasure. Carl Andre is a sculptor but also a poet whose works are characterized by repetition of basic materials and words in simple patterns, seemingly renouncing any creative role of the artist, and instead foregrounding the textures and shapes of things and words. Cy Twombly is a painter whose paintings and drawings employ writing and texts visually as shapes that carry meaning by their arrangement on paper or canvas. Unlike Andre and Ashbery, whose poetry is characteristic for materialism and impersonality, for being located in the present, Twomblys works distinguish themselves by classicism, romanticism and symbolism. Nevertheless, as I have tried to show, all three of these artists and poets take words and writing into close proximity of art, they re-conceive the process of writing poetry by analogizing it with...
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