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Study on impact of selected protein kinase inhibitors on drug resistance mediated by cytochromes P450
Janoušková, Adéla ; Hofman, Jakub (advisor) ; Novotná, Eva (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Adéla Janoušková Supervisor: RNDr. Jakub Hofman, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Study on impact of selected protein kinase inhibitors on drug resistance mediated by cytochromes P450 Pharmacokinetic drug resistance often leads to failure of an anticancer therapy. One of the mechanisms is increased efflux of drugs from tumour cells, whereas some studies suggest that increased drug conversion to an inactive metabolite might be another contributing mechanism. The aim of this work was to define the possible role of CYP3A4 and CYP2C8 enzymes in the phenomenon of pharmacokinetic resistance and to investigate the possibility of its modulation by new targeted drugs. In the first part, we used the MTT proliferation method together with HepG2 cells stably transduced with particular human enzymes and demonstrated significant involvement of CYP3A4 in docetaxel resistance. In the following part, we examined the inhibitory effects of four selected tyrosine kinase inhibitors on the CYP3A4 activity in intact cells using a commercial kit. Cobimetinib and dabrafenib showed significant inhibitory activity, while osimertinib and brivanib did not. In the final part, we demonstrated the ability of the first two...
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Role of drug transporters in placental transfer of entecavir
Lukášová, Veronika ; Červený, Lukáš (advisor) ; Hofman, Jakub (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Veronika Křečková Supervisor: PharmDr. Lukáš Červený, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Role of drug transporters in placental transfer of entecavir Entecavir (ETV), an analogue of guanosine, is a highly efficient anti-hepatitis B antiviral drug. It is the first-line therapy for both adults and children. Its use in pregnancy is limited due to a number of factors, including lack of data on placental pharmacokinetics. The placental transition of drugs is frequently controlled by drug transporters. ATP-binding (ABC) transporters, P-glycoprotein (P-gp), breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) or multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) localized in the apical membrane of syncytiotrophoblast and pumping their substrates in the feto-maternal direction belong to most significant determinants of placental pharmacokinetics. Moreover placental transport of nucleoside-derived drugs can be affected by the activity of nucleoside transporters (NTs); equilibrative nucleoside transporters (ENTs) mediate facilitated diffussion, while the concentrative nucleoside transporters (CNTs) control active influx of their substrates. The aim of the diploma thesis was to describe the role of P-gp, BCRP, MRP2 and NTs (ENTs and...
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Effect of CDK and FLT3 inhibitors on activity of ABC efflux transporters in vitro, relation to multidrug resistance
Poráč, Jakub ; Čečková, Martina (advisor) ; Hofman, Jakub (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Jakub Poráč Supervisor: doc. PharmDr. Martina Čečková, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Effect of CDK and FLT3 inhibitors on activity of ABC efflux transporters in vitro, relation to multidrug resistance P-gp and BCRP are transmembrane proteins that form part of a large family of ABC transporters. These are ATP-driven transporters, which main task is to eliminate exogenous and endogenous substances and their metabolites from cells of both, healthy and tumour tissues. This activity is often associated with the expulsion of administered therapeutics and multiple drug resistance (MDR) in tumour cells. A promising therapy of cancer represents a newer class of drugs target the tyrosine kinase (TK), and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK), which are cell enzymes responsible for the processes of proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation. Cyclin- dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKI) are used in the treatment of breast cancer, but at the same time they form a new group of drugs with the potential for use in hematological malignancies. In the treatment of AML, a new successful approach is TK inhibitors (TKI), which target the mutated FLT3 receptor, specifically the recently approved drugs midostaurin and...
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Kinetic Evaluation of Potential Inhibitors for Selected Cysteine Proteases
Odvárková, Anna ; Hofman, Jakub (advisor) ; Novotná, Eva (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Student: Anna Odvárková Supervisor: RNDr. Jakub Hofman, Ph.D. Consultants: Carina Lemke Prof. Dr. Michael Gütschow Title of diploma thesis: Kinetic Evaluation of Potential Inhibitors for Selected Cysteine Proteases Cysteine cathepsins are proteases which are naturally present in the human body, taking part in various physiological processes such as cell signaling, proliferation or bone remodeling. However, their dysregulation leads to serious disorders. An aberrant activity of cysteine cathepsins is present in diseases like cancer, osteoporosis, neurodegenerative disorders or autoimmune diseases. Therefore, these enzymes can serve as valuable diagnostic or therapeutic targets. Rhodesain is a parasitic protease produced by Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and essential for its survival. This enzyme shares a high homology with human cysteine cathepsin L. Inhibition of rhodesain can be a potential treatment of African trypanosomiasis, also known as sleeping sickness. Inhibitory potency of several compounds against the target enzymes was assayed spectrophotometrically or fluorometrically and the results were evaluated by using linear or non-linear regression. Determination of a Michaelis- Menten constant...
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Kinetic Evaluation of Potential Inhibitors for Selected Cysteine Proteases
Odvárková, Anna ; Hofman, Jakub (advisor) ; Novotná, Eva (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Student: Anna Odvárková Supervisor: RNDr. Jakub Hofman, Ph.D. Consultants: Carina Lemke Prof. Dr. Michael Gütschow Title of diploma thesis: Kinetic Evaluation of Potential Inhibitors for Selected Cysteine Proteases Cysteine cathepsins are proteases which are naturally present in the human body, taking part in various physiological processes such as cell signaling, proliferation or bone remodeling. However, their dysregulation leads to serious disorders. An aberrant activity of cysteine cathepsins is present in diseases like cancer, osteoporosis, neurodegenerative disorders or autoimmune diseases. Therefore, these enzymes can serve as valuable diagnostic or therapeutic targets. Rhodesain is a parasitic protease produced by Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and essential for its survival. This enzyme shares a high homology with human cysteine cathepsin L. Inhibition of rhodesain can be a potential treatment of African trypanosomiasis, also known as sleeping sickness. Inhibitory potency of several compounds against the target enzymes was assayed spectrophotometrically or fluorometrically and the results were evaluated by using linear or non-linear regression. Determination of a Michaelis- Menten constant...
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Inhibitory effect of tepotinib, entrectinib, and sapanisertib on an activity of selected reductases from AKR superfamily.
Krtilová, Kamila ; Wsól, Vladimír (advisor) ; Hofman, Jakub (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biochemical Sciences Candidate: Kamila Krtilová Supervisor: prof. Ing. Vladimír Wsól, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Inhibitory effect of tepotinib, entrectinib, and sapanisertib on an activity of selected reductases from AKR superfamily. The lung carcinoma has an increasing trend in the Czech Republic. These findings correspond to the fact that lung carcinoma is the most common type of cancer worldwide. Carbonyl reducing enzymes occur in different types of tissues, and they are responsible for the development of inflammation, cancer, and cancer resistance. These NADPH-dependent oxidoreductase cause the reduction of carbonyl groups to alcohol compound and decrease the toxicity of drug for tumor cells. Last but not least, these enzymes are responsible for tumor cell proliferation, differentiation, and increased tumoral aggressivity. This work aimed to study the inhibition effect of chosen cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKi) on the activity of Aldo-keto reductases. Besides inhibition of CDK, the ability to inhibit efflux transporters and carbonyl reducing enzymes was proved at CDK inhibitors. The inhibition effect of tepotinib, entrectinib and sapanisertib was determined by UHPLC analysis. The most significant inhibition...
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The effect of acalabrutinib and ibrutinib on the efficacy of daunorubicin in cancer cells.
Čermáková, Lucie ; Novotná, Eva (advisor) ; Hofman, Jakub (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biochemical Sciences Candidate: Bc. Lucie Čermáková Supervisor: RNDr. Eva Novotná, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: The effect of acalabrutinib and ibrutinib on the efficacy of daunorubicin in cancer cells Leukemia presents malignant diseases of hematopoiesis, which essence is the malignant transformation of a hematopoietic stem cell at various levels of maturation and increased proliferative activity. Chemotherapy is the gold standard in the treatment of leukemia. One of the many treatments is the use of anthracycline chemotherapeutics, especially daunorubicin (DAU). Anthracyclines are widely used in clinical practice but have high cardiotoxic effects that limit their dosage. One of the main causes of side effects is the reduction of an anthracycline chemotherapeutic to the appropriate toxic metabolite, which accumulates in the heart. Carbonyl, reducing enzymes from the superfamily aldo-ketoreductase (AKR), and short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) are involved in this reduction. At the same time, carbonyl reducing enzymes, has been shown to be involved in the mechanisms that cause tumor cells to be resistant to anthracyclines, thereby reducing the inhibition of the growth of these cells. In the diploma thesis we found that...
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Návrh rodinného domu a tepelná ochrana budovy
Hofman, Jakub
The bachelor thesis deals with the design of a wooden building with regard to thermal protection of structures. It is a family house with two floors of which the second floor is designed as an attic. The structures are designed to comply with the ČSN 73 0540 standard. The layout of the house is designed so that the living rooms are shaded in the summer, and so that there is a high degree of sunshine and heat gain from the sun in the winter. The theoretical part describes the types and properties of thermal insulating materials used in frame systems of timber construction. Thermal insulation is categorized into synthetic, mineral, organic and special thermal insulation materials. The materials are compared according to individual thermal properties.
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The influence of midostaurin, vistusertib and talazoparib inhibition on the activity of selected reductases from AKR and SDR superfamilies
Milan, Jaroslav ; Wsól, Vladimír (advisor) ; Hofman, Jakub (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biochemical sciences Candidate: Bc. Jaroslav Milan Supervisor: prof. Ing. Vladimír Wsól, PhD. Consultant: RNDr. Eva Novotná, PhD. Title of diploma thesis: The influence of midostaurin, vistusertib and talazoparib inhibition on the activity of selected reductases from AKR and SDR superfamilies. Key words: reductase, AKR, inhibitors, midostaurin, vistusertib, talazoparib, anthracyclines, KG1a Multi drug resistance is for a lot of years still a big problem in therapy of cancer. Anthracycline antibiotics are highly efficient for treating cancers but multi drug resistance and severe side effects sometimes restrain the use of them and lead therapy to fail. One of the worst adverse effect is a cardiotoxicity. By older studies, the mechanism of a cardiotoxicity was because of formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Many times, the negative effects of ROS on cardiac muscle cells was confirmed but nowadays the evidence opens some other and more complex mechanisms of its damage. The main point of this work was examination of enzymes which metabolize anthracyclines, mainly daunorubicin. Metabolites which are formed are less potent than parent drug and they have bigger toxicity. This can have an impact on therapy and can cause a...
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Effect of CDK and FLT3 inhibitors on activity of ABC efflux transporters in vitro, relation to multidrug resistance
Poráč, Jakub ; Čečková, Martina (advisor) ; Hofman, Jakub (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Jakub Poráč Supervisor: doc. PharmDr. Martina Čečková, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Effect of CDK and FLT3 inhibitors on activity of ABC efflux transporters in vitro, relation to multidrug resistance P-gp and BCRP are transmembrane proteins that form part of a large family of ABC transporters. These are ATP-driven transporters, which main task is to eliminate exogenous and endogenous substances and their metabolites from cells of both, healthy and tumour tissues. This activity is often associated with the expulsion of administered therapeutics and multiple drug resistance (MDR) in tumour cells. A promising therapy of cancer represents a newer class of drugs target the tyrosine kinase (TK), and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK), which are cell enzymes responsible for the processes of proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation. Cyclin- dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKI) are used in the treatment of breast cancer, but at the same time they form a new group of drugs with the potential for use in hematological malignancies. In the treatment of AML, a new successful approach is TK inhibitors (TKI), which target the mutated FLT3 receptor, specifically the recently approved drugs midostaurin and...
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