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Analysis of biological features of Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Med.
Schneebergerová, Tereza ; Hamouz, Pavel (advisor) ; Holec, Josef (referee)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to determinate selected biological characteristics of shepherd´s-purse, which have impact on the establishment and expansion of its populations in field crops. In particular, development of primary dormancy was studied and the effect of factors that influence the dormancy and germination of seeds was determined.
Shepard´s purse is an annual or biennial herb of the cabbage family, which is classified as winter annual weeds. Primarily infest the winter and spring crops, rapeseeds, potatoes or forages. It appears from lowland to foothills, so biological features of individual population can be very different. The ways of control are shallow tillage or herbicidal treatment.
After harvesting of ripe seed the first experiment was set to define the primary dormancy. Remaining seeds were stored in two different types of environment. Part of seeds was stored in the dry at 20 °C. Others seeds were stratified at 5 °C. Effect of storage conditions on primary dormancy was tested every two weeks. Seeds were germinated for
1 week in grow chamber under the influence of various factors such as different light mode, type of water and type of media for germination.
The results were processed by multiple-factor analysis of variance. Fresh seeds showed a strong primary dormancy at constant temperatures of 10 °C and 20 °C. Treatment with fluctuating temperature (20/10 °C), filter paper, drinking water and stored in dark had the highest germination rate (10.75 %). Seeds stratified at 5 °C had increase in germination in first weeks, but lost it during storage. On the other hand, seeds stored in dry at 20 °C firstly were in dormancy, but they lost it gradually during storage.
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Chemical weed management in potatoes
Smolík, Ondřej ; Hamouz, Pavel (advisor) ; Holec, Josef (referee)
Presented thesis is focused on the topic of regulation of weeds in potatoes. The advantages and disadvantages of chemical control of weeds are investigated, including the comparison of the results obtained in both herbicidal and mechanical treatments. The core of this thesis is to find out what kind of influence has weeds on potato yield and how is the weed infestation affected be herbicides. The research was undertaken by a field experiment with eight treatments. The first one brought a field completely without any interventions. On the second field a mix of Sencor Liquid (PRE), Command 36 CS (PRE) and Roundup Klasik (PRE) was used. The third treatment was sprayed by Sencor Liquid (PRE), Command 36 CS (PRE) and Pantera QT (POST). The fourth one was treated by both Sencor Liquid (POST) and Titus 25 WG (POST). The fifth treatment obtained only mechanical interventions (machine hoeing). On the sixth one Sencor Liquid (PRE), Command 36 CS (PRE) and Roundup KLASIK (PRE) were applied in combination with the mechanical treatmant. The seventh treatment used Sencor Liquid (PRE), Command 36 CS (PRE) and Pantera QT (POST), again combined with the mechanical treatment. On the last of the experimental fields Sencor Liquid (POST), Titus 25 WG (POST) and a mechanical treatment. Treatments 2-8 were compared to the first one. In this comparison it turned out that the herbicides help on a great scale with the regulation of the weed. By the treatments 2, 3, 6 and 7 the potato yield was three time higher compared to untreated control. Treatments 4 and 8 showed that the application of some post-emergent herbicides can (due to their phytotoxicity) decrease the yield to the level of the untreated plots.
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Regeneration and growth of Cirsium arvense L. roots
Čítek, Jaroslav ; Hamouz, Pavel (advisor) ; Václav, Václav (referee)
Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense L.) is a perennial, deep-rooted, herbal weed from the family Asteraceae, reproducing generative and vegetative. It belongs to the very important weeds, it is ranked among the ten most noxious weeds of the world.
It became an extremely important weed especially for its ability to colonize arable land and high reproductive and competitive ability. The aim of this work is to create a comprehensive information on the biological attributes of Canada thistle, that
are important for its reproduction and survival at the site. Furthermore, to describe and analyze the effective ways of its management, which are currently used.
Literature review deals with biological characteristics of Canada thistle.
It describes the importance and harmfulness, morphology, reproduction
and dissemination of Canada thistle. Further it discloses the methods of direct
and indirect regulation.
In the research section dynamics of stems creation was described
and the regeneration ability of root fragments of various lengths of Canada thistle, placed in different soil depths was examined. The assumptions of the experiment was, that regeneration of Canada thistle can be influenced both the length of root fragments and the burial depth. Length of the root fragments significantly affected regeneration, it had an impact on all five observed characteristics: number of new plants (p<0.001), number of shoos (p=0.046), weight of aboveground (p=0.016)
and root (p<0.001) biomass and length of the newly formed root system (p<0.001).
The influence of the burial depth has significant effect on the number of plants (p=0.038), number of stems (p=0.001) and weight root biomass (p=0.045). One receptacle has created an average of 121.5 g of biomass. Most of the total biomass produced 8 cm long root fragments (160.1 g). Plants arising from the shortest fragments created 115.1 g total biomass.
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Crop structure and crop sequences in ZOD Vacov
Vyleťalová, Lucie ; Holec, Josef (advisor) ; Hamouz, Pavel (referee)
Crop rotation can be defined as an effective crop rotation in space and time according to crop requirements and production plans, it is the concrete implementation of structural cropping patterns in the company, which forms the basis of crop production.
The aim of this paper is to outline the issue of crop rotations and sequences depending on the mountainous area of production. To determine the importance and usage, briefly describe the most used crops in the company, their needs and usage. Analysis of the structural representation in comparison with recommended proposals of several authors dealing with this issue. This work is focused on agricultural commercial cooperative Vacov, located in the foothills of the Bohemian Forest, which now covers an area of 200 ha of arable land. The main focus of the production is livestock production. Crop production is concentrated on the production of grain and roughage for cattle. All data utilized in this work were obtained from the records of the ZOD Vacov and represent the period of
2007-2015. After their evaluation, crop sequences of the company were compared methodologies of several authors.
The share of winter crops and spring crops is almost equal due to frequent changing of winter wheat and corn. Other crops often used are spring barley, oats and winter triticale. Most used forecrops and successive crops of winter wheat are corn, spring barley and oats. Most used forecrops and successive crops of corn are winter wheat, spring barley and winter triticale. Crop sequences in comparison with crop rotation specialized in mountainous areas are significantly poorer in structure. The most used crops are grains and corn, which is regarded as root crop. Fodder, specifically shamrock or clover mixture is used only at a few locations, although it should be included in all sequences. The main reason for the growing of maize and wheat in such concentration is to focus the company on a livestock production. Ensiled corn and wheat straw are used as bedding.
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