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Problems of the Expert Analysis of the Vehicle Movement and Braking Action in General Spatial Curve at Speed Higher than 50 km/h
Panáček, Vladimír ; Šachl, Jindřich (referee) ; Drahotský, Ivo (referee) ; Vémola, Aleš (advisor)
The present apparatus for the technical analysis of road accidents has no well-integrated information, recommendations or procedures of how to solve comprehensively the analysis of road accidents involving vehicles equipped with stabilization system of driving dynamics. The problem in the investigation of a vehicle movement in a curve is the ignorance of the contributions of vehicle dynamics intervention of the electronic stability system. Although some of the simulation software used in the analysis of road accidents makes it possible to take into account the modelled vehicle movement impacted by a stabilization system in the examined process, but the experts do not know what parameters should be entered in the numerical models of stabilization system in a computer programme. Therefore, the thesis investigates the issue of the expert analysis of vehicle riding and braking in a general spatial curve at speeds exceeding 50 kph with simultaneous examining the impact of electronic stability system chassis on vehicle driving dynamics. The thesis first deals with the solutions based on classical analytical methods, then dwells on experimental measurements in real conditions on testing grounds and, finally, addresses the use of computer simulation software in expert practice. Nevertheless, it is important to realize that no computer simulation software can be an absolutely unambiguous solver, and it is not enough to generate a computer simulation, but so obtained results should be evaluated and justified technically. Road accident analyst needs to know the impact of vehicle electronic stability control systems on vehicle movement. The thesis investigated the mutual relationship between the vehicle speed limit in a curve specified by analytical calculation and the vehicle speed in a curve experimentally detected by measuring the parameters of driving dynamics of a vehicle equipped with electronic stability system. The impact of selected electronic stability control systems of the chassis on the vehicle movement in the investigated processes in the curve was detected and quantified by driving experiments. Finally, the input values of significant quantities of computational models of the ESP simulation programs were found consistent with the results of experimental measurements in defined curves for the vehicles equipped with electronic stability systems. The results of the thesis can be used both in the expert and in the teaching activities.
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Comprehensive System for Road Accident Analysis - Collision Between Vehicle and Motorcycle
Slepánek, Petr ; Kolíbal, Zdeněk (referee) ; Drahotský, Ivo (referee) ; Kropáč, František (referee) ; Bradáč, Albert (advisor)
This dissertation describes the issue of a complex system for analyzing the collision of a motorcycle with another vehicle and suggests a suitable methodology for solving this type of traffic accident. It summarizes the current knowledge in the field of motorcycle accidents withother vehicles, including their statistics and categorization. The author statistically evaluates accidents by their causes and proposes a methodology for solving individual types of motorcycle collisions with vehicles. To supplement and refine the input data for the analysis of road accidents involving motorcycles, a set of author’s own measurements made on different types of motorcycles is included. The thesis contains measurements of their acceleration, deceleration and avoidance maneuvers. Other actual contributions of the thesis are represented also by flowcharts, offering a comprehensive approach to solving individual types of colissions of motorcycles with other vehicles.
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The methodology of using digital tachograph data for forensic engineering purposes
Zeman, Petr ; Kledus, Robert (referee) ; Drahotský, Ivo (referee) ; Doupal, Emil (referee) ; Libertín, Josef (advisor)
Control authorities and experts in their practice come across digital tachographs. Digital data is an important source of relevant input data and informations needed for in depth road accident analysis. In practice, it is possible to encounter an existing negative phenomenon, an unauthorised access to and fraudulent manipulation of the tachograph´s data. False data has a major impact on the results of the accident investigation and analysis. Control authorities and experts should be prepared for such cases. This thesis describes the different types of manipulation of Digital Tachograph records and the ways of their detection. Tachograph manipulation is a nowaday issue. It is very important to deal with this problem. For the reasons mentioned above I have set up a Data Control Procedure Standard for control authorities and experts and drafted technical requirements for future generation of tachographs.
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Processing of selected terminology at road accident analysis
Tokař, Stanislav ; Šachl, Jindřich (referee) ; Kropáč, František (referee) ; Drahotský, Ivo (referee) ; Vémola, Aleš (advisor)
The thesis deals with the terminology used in forensic engineering practice at the analysis of road accidents. It means defining the concepts describing specific expert research in the area of car accident analysis such as the option of evasive action and the possibility of preventing collision. Further on, the thesis focuses on the terminology used in areas closely related to analysis of road accidents namely dealing with cases of criminal activities in the field of motor vehicle insurance from an expert point of view. In this area, terms such as extent of the damage, character of the damage, correspondence of the damage and the technical acceptability of accident, are solved. These terms constitute a formal process that can serve as a tool for experts when dealing with such cases. In addition, selected terms from the technical-legal area, which the experts often encounter, are processed here. At the same time, there is no uniform approach to their evaluation from a technical perspective. Here, there is a possibility of setting the limits of a sudden change of speed and a sudden change of direction.
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Comprehensive System for Road Accident Analysis - Collision Between Vehicle and Motorcycle
Slepánek, Petr ; Kolíbal, Zdeněk (referee) ; Drahotský, Ivo (referee) ; Kropáč, František (referee) ; Bradáč, Albert (advisor)
The thesis describes the problems of a complex system for analysis of road accidents, specifically the methodology for solving the collision between vehicle and motorcycle. There are statistics described motorcycle accidents, motorcycle safety features, the basic types of collision positions between vehicles and motorcycles, design methodology for solving with traffic accidents between vehicles and motorcycles. The work is performed a set of different measurements used to supplement and refine the input data for the analysis of road accidents involving motorcycles. The work contains data obtained from measurements.
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Characteristics of Old-Age Drivers in Terms of Road Traffic Safety
Lukesová, Dominika ; Drahotský, Ivo (referee) ; Schmeidler, Karel (advisor)
The aim of this work is to evaluate current procedures and to refine assessment of impact connected to the drivers' age and traffic accidents. The theoretical part describes senior drivers, traffic accident rate of seniors and decreased ability to drive influenced by age. The practical part is case report of traffic accidents caused by senior drivers, measuring reaction time and the evaluation of these measurements. I have developed some proposals for seniors to prevent the risk of the occurrence of traffic accidents.
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EXPERT ANALYSIS OF SELECTED PROBLEMS SEEING PEDESTRIANS BY VEHICLE DRIVER IN VISIBILITY REDUCED BY DARKNESS
Sedlák, Jaroslav ; Kropáč, František (referee) ; Drahotský, Ivo (referee) ; Ptáček, Petr (referee) ; Bradáč, Albert (advisor)
The dissertation is focused on the problematic of the driver´s ability to see pedestrians in the conditions of driving at night. The first part tells the current view of these problematic, terms are defined: the outlook and the range of vision to see the obstacle. This part also describes various effects that are affecting the driver´s ability to see pedestrians while driving at night. Out of all mentioned effects, this project mainly focuses on two parameters – how is the driver´s ability to see a pedestrian affected by his obsolence and developing visual handicap. During the research, high number of respondents of wide range of age and various vision quality were present and attended the experiment. This project proposes a methodology of comparasion of those two parameters mentioned above. The main condition which must have been held was to create absolutelly identical conditions of the experiment used by wide range of respondetns. The best way how to possibly achive the best results is by using a video scene on the PC monitor. Two sets of photographies were made while preparing the experiment (2 various sets of clothes for the pedestrian) and these sets were sorted by using the Microsoft Office Power Point program. This made a simulation of a vehicle approaching a pedestrian at night. The measurement was attended by a large number of respondents who were divided into a total of nine categories, according to age and extent of ocular defects. The dissertation is a methodology for evaluating the measurements, determination of contrast and angular size of the watched object (pedestrian) using the scene on the PC monitor. At the end of the experiment is an evaluation of the measurements and put comments on the results obtained. This project proposses a method for the early detection of the driver´s perception when sighting barriers (pedestrian) using the electrophysiological examination method – the electroretinography (ERG). In this dissertation,the initial measurements were carried out using this method, when during the measurement was unfortunately found that the sensitivity of the method does not allow resolution changes of the electrical potential for so little intense stimuli such as the sight of pedestrians at the edge of the road. But it is not excluded that in the future the further development of the ophthalmological diagnostic method will increase the sensitivity so it will allow to spot the objective moment of registration the obstacle by the viusal organ
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Comprehensive System for Road Accident Analysis - Collision Between Vehicle and Motorcycle
Slepánek, Petr ; Kolíbal, Zdeněk (referee) ; Drahotský, Ivo (referee) ; Kropáč, František (referee) ; Bradáč, Albert (advisor)
This dissertation describes the issue of a complex system for analyzing the collision of a motorcycle with another vehicle and suggests a suitable methodology for solving this type of traffic accident. It summarizes the current knowledge in the field of motorcycle accidents withother vehicles, including their statistics and categorization. The author statistically evaluates accidents by their causes and proposes a methodology for solving individual types of motorcycle collisions with vehicles. To supplement and refine the input data for the analysis of road accidents involving motorcycles, a set of author’s own measurements made on different types of motorcycles is included. The thesis contains measurements of their acceleration, deceleration and avoidance maneuvers. Other actual contributions of the thesis are represented also by flowcharts, offering a comprehensive approach to solving individual types of colissions of motorcycles with other vehicles.
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The methodology of using digital tachograph data for forensic engineering purposes
Zeman, Petr ; Kledus, Robert (referee) ; Drahotský, Ivo (referee) ; Doupal, Emil (referee) ; Libertín, Josef (advisor)
Control authorities and experts in their practice come across digital tachographs. Digital data is an important source of relevant input data and informations needed for in depth road accident analysis. In practice, it is possible to encounter an existing negative phenomenon, an unauthorised access to and fraudulent manipulation of the tachograph´s data. False data has a major impact on the results of the accident investigation and analysis. Control authorities and experts should be prepared for such cases. This thesis describes the different types of manipulation of Digital Tachograph records and the ways of their detection. Tachograph manipulation is a nowaday issue. It is very important to deal with this problem. For the reasons mentioned above I have set up a Data Control Procedure Standard for control authorities and experts and drafted technical requirements for future generation of tachographs.
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Characteristics of Old-Age Drivers in Terms of Road Traffic Safety
Lukesová, Dominika ; Drahotský, Ivo (referee) ; Schmeidler, Karel (advisor)
The aim of this work is to evaluate current procedures and to refine assessment of impact connected to the drivers' age and traffic accidents. The theoretical part describes senior drivers, traffic accident rate of seniors and decreased ability to drive influenced by age. The practical part is case report of traffic accidents caused by senior drivers, measuring reaction time and the evaluation of these measurements. I have developed some proposals for seniors to prevent the risk of the occurrence of traffic accidents.
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