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Special working conditions for juveniles
Cibulková, Lucie ; Štangová, Věra (advisor) ; Vysokajová, Margerita (referee)
The topic of my diploma paper has been chosen carefully according to my great interest in this area. I grasped at the chance to describe the topic according to the history, evolution, and current legal situation of youth workers. This paper analysis the position of youth workers on the aggregate labour market, employers' responsibilities and legal duties to them, and their rights in the contrast of adult workers. It also analysis how the Czech legal system protects youth workers' physical and mental health. Furthermore, I assess employment law concerning cultural, artistic, advertising and sport matters. As a result of the massive resources review of the labour law can be said that current legal protection of youth workers is satisfactory. On the other hand one could mention that the new labour code does not include establishment of cooperation between the employer and legitimate representatives of young workers as it was set in former legislation. In my opinion this section should have been kept in effect because of better protection of young workers. The problem which needs to be solved nowadays is the poor direct labour law supervision. Even perfect legislation fails without a consistent and full law-abidance monitoring and law enforcement support by authorities. Violations of the law should be properly...
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Production and elimination of superoxide radical in relation to the compatibility of snails and trematodes
Cibulková, Lucie ; Skála, Vladimír (advisor) ; Nývltová, Eva (referee)
Almost all trematodes use snails as the intermediate host in their life cycles. To survive within the host, they have to efficiently avoid defense reactions of its immune system. The most important effector cells, haemocytes, produce reactive oxygen species with the first molecule known as superoxide radical. Various snail species produce different levels of these radicals in relation to the compatibility with the invasive trematode species. The parasite decreases the levels of toxic radicals by using antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase which catalyzes transformation of superoxide radical into hydrogen peroxide. This dismutation reaction is the first step during the oxidative burst and likely influences survival of trematodes within the host. Based on the current knowledge the production and elimination of superoxide radical in relation to the compatibility between snails and trematodes have been described thoroughly for a few models such as for example Biomphalaria glabrata-Schistosoma mansoni. However, this interaction appears to play a key role and, therefore, it deserves more attention in another models as well. Key words: trematodes, snails, compatibility, haemocytes, oxidative burst, antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase, superoxide radical
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Production and elimination of superoxide radical in relation to the compatibility of snails and trematodes
Cibulková, Lucie ; Skála, Vladimír (advisor) ; Nývltová, Eva (referee)
Almost all trematodes use snails as the intermediate host in their life cycles. To survive within the host, they have to efficiently avoid defense reactions of its immune system. The most important effector cells, haemocytes, produce reactive oxygen species with the first molecule known as superoxide radical. Various snail species produce different levels of these radicals in relation to the compatibility with the invasive trematode species. The parasite decreases the levels of toxic radicals by using antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase which catalyzes transformation of superoxide radical into hydrogen peroxide. This dismutation reaction is the first step during the oxidative burst and likely influences survival of trematodes within the host. Based on the current knowledge the production and elimination of superoxide radical in relation to the compatibility between snails and trematodes have been described thoroughly for a few models such as for example Biomphalaria glabrata-Schistosoma mansoni. However, this interaction appears to play a key role and, therefore, it deserves more attention in another models as well. Key words: trematodes, snails, compatibility, haemocytes, oxidative burst, antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase, superoxide radical
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Trematode diversity in freshwater pulmonate snails from the St Lawrence Wetlands, Canada
CIBULKOVÁ, Lucie
This study applies a molecular approach addressing the identification of trematode larval stages (sporocysts, rediae and cercariae) parasitising four freshwater pulmonate snails (Stagnicola elodes, Radix auricularia, Planorbella trivolvis and Physella gyrina) collected in the wetlands of St Lawrence River in Canada. A total of 20 genetically distinct species or species level lineages were identified via phylogenetic analyses based on, depending on the taxonomic group, mitochondrial (cox1 and nad1) and nuclear (ITS-5.8S-ITS2 and 28S rDNA) sequences integrated with data from the recently generated sequence libraries for the European and some North American trematodes. Phylogenetic analyses and distance-based approaches allowed molecular identification of six described/named and 14 putative new species. These included species of six digenean families (Clinostomidae, Derogenidae, Echinostomatidae, Plagiorchiidae, Schistosomatidae and Strigeidae).
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Special working conditions for juveniles
Cibulková, Lucie ; Štangová, Věra (advisor) ; Vysokajová, Margerita (referee)
The topic of my diploma paper has been chosen carefully according to my great interest in this area. I grasped at the chance to describe the topic according to the history, evolution, and current legal situation of youth workers. This paper analysis the position of youth workers on the aggregate labour market, employers' responsibilities and legal duties to them, and their rights in the contrast of adult workers. It also analysis how the Czech legal system protects youth workers' physical and mental health. Furthermore, I assess employment law concerning cultural, artistic, advertising and sport matters. As a result of the massive resources review of the labour law can be said that current legal protection of youth workers is satisfactory. On the other hand one could mention that the new labour code does not include establishment of cooperation between the employer and legitimate representatives of young workers as it was set in former legislation. In my opinion this section should have been kept in effect because of better protection of young workers. The problem which needs to be solved nowadays is the poor direct labour law supervision. Even perfect legislation fails without a consistent and full law-abidance monitoring and law enforcement support by authorities. Violations of the law should be properly...
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