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Spanish sport in era of francoism and its political exploitation
Balík, Jiří ; Urban, Traian (advisor) ; Matějka, Ondřej (referee)
The thesis "Spanish sport in era of francoism and its political exploitation" deals with the use of sport in different policy sectors of Franco's regime. It examines how much sport reflected official state policy. The first part focuses on internal sport organization, which shows the domination over the entire sport sector. The second part of the thesis deals with the reflection of francoist internal policy in sports. Thus it analyses physical education as a tool for political indoctrination and top-level sport as a device to maintain social political passivity. Further, it analyses the centralist policy of the regime represented by the support of selected sport clubs and orientation of sport events to the capital city - Madrid. The third and final part defines use of sport in foreign policy. The thesis as a whole concludes that the projection of regime policy in sport is completely natural and that the regime didn't depart of its overall policy while using sport.
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The Olympic Games in Barcelona 1992 as a factor of changes in Catalan nationalistic discourse of political parties
Balík, Jiří ; Matějka, Ondřej (advisor) ; Kasáková, Zuzana (referee)
Interrelation between sports and politics in the specific case of the Olympic Games in Barcelona in 1992 offers a wide range of opportunities to strengthen nationalist tendencies of the Catalan society. This thesis examines how the organization of this event affected the development of Catalan nationalistic discourse of political parties. These changes are analysed on two levels. The first level is the evolution over time - the thesis compares the periods before and after the Olympics and looks at trends across each period. The second level is the development in the level of debate - the thesis looks at the category of political parties, at the category of Catalan politics and at the category of the Spanish nationwide politics, while it analyses the moves of the topics and trends across the levels. Thus, the thesis examines trends of the political discourse in the electoral programs, in speeches at annual meetings at the level of the Catalan parliament and in speeches at annual meetings at the level of national Spanish Parliament. The basic parameters of the research work are themes of language policy, cultural policy, the issue of state structure juristic reform, linguistic forms of the discourses and relation to the Olympic Games. The main basis of this work is the contribution of sporting events...
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Testing of bioeffectors on phosphorus mobility in soils
Holečková, Zlata ; Balík, Jiří (advisor)
Crave for increase in agricultural production over the past sixty years reflects in widespread use of mineral fertilizers. Due to the growth of the world population an increase of overall demand for feed and food is expected. Limited availability of cultivatable soil and increasing dependance on mineral fertilizers can be also anticipated. It is therefore important to find alternative strategies for plant nutrition. In 2012, the project of cooperation between several universities in Europe was revealed. This project examines the use of bioeffectors in crop production. Use of these substances should help to reduce the input of mineral fertilizers used in agriculture and improve land usage. Thesis will perform testing in real conditions of different geographic locations. The main objective is to develop new approaches to the use of so-called bioeffectors based on the mechanism of action of living microorganisms and active natural substances. Bioeffectors may be, depending on soil and climatic conditions, a key factor for overcoming limitations in the availability of nutrients. They can contain microorganisms (bacteria, fungi) and active natural compounds (digest from soil or compost, microbial residues, plant extracts, metabolites from biological processes, dried herb material or seaweed). These substances are developed for a wide variety of crops (e.g. corn, wheat and tomatoes). Their effectiveness consists in nutrients mobilization from less accessible forms in the soil. The thesis is mainly focused on the impact of bioeffectors on various forms of phosphorus in the soil. Phosphorus in the soil belongs to essential elements necessary for the growth and development of plants. Despite its necessity in plant metabolism is its content in the soil relatively low. A higher phosphorus content is in most samples of soil mainly in the surface area because an increased biological activity occurs there causing the accumulation of organic material. Some influence can be also observed in connection with application of organic and mineral fertilizers. Amount of phosphorus in soil may vary depending on parental rock type, texture and land management (the ratio of P supplied and type and method of land cultivation). Above mentioned influences even have an effect on relative amount of organic and inorganic forms of phosphorus. Three basic groups of phosphorus contained in the soil can be described: inorganic phosphorus compounds, organically bound phosphorus and exchangeable absorbed phosphorus. The amount of phosphorus bound in the fractions depends mainly on the time of fertilizer application, including the impact of earlier interventions. For these reasons, it is necessary to execute detailed analysis of the various forms of phosphorus in the soil after application of mineral fertilizers together with bioeffectors. In this dissertation variety of pot and field experiments will be set up, where samples from each variation of soil and plant will be separated and researched. Samples will be analyzed and amounts of phosphorus will be measured.
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Nitrogen use from fertilizers applied to spring barley and winter wheat
Buráňová, Šárka ; Balík, Jiří (advisor)
Nitrogen fertilization is considered to be an important agronomic intervention. Its application to the field must be deliberate and well-timed. Poor management of nitrogen fertilizers can lead to significant losses with economic and environmental consequences. In the long-term field experiment of the Department of agroenvironmental chemistry and plant nutrition will be observed the influence of different organic and mineral fertilizers and the impact of location on the nitrogen balance and nitrogen use of applied fertilizer by spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). For the purpose of the thesis will be evaluated six treatments of fertilization: Control, Sewage sludge, Manure, N, NPK, N + straw. To the crops will be in the three-year cycle applied a single dose of 330 kg N ha-1. After the harvest will be annually determined the content of total nitrogen in plant material and yield of grain and straw. For wheat will be evaluated selected yield and quality parameters. From analyses of plant material will be then calculated indicators of nitrogen utilization of applied fertilizers.
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Factors affecting the nitrogen compounds removal process in specific types of wastewater
Radechovský, Josef ; Balík, Jiří (advisor)
Abstract:
This work summarizes the current knowledge about removing of nitrogen compounds from wastewater using non-traditional biological methods. They include for example process of nitritation/denitritation and a process of deammonification. Special innovative biological methods are economically advantageous because of savings of oxygen for the oxidation of N-ammon and organic substrate for the formation of N2.
Achieving of accumulation of nitrites (achieving of shortcut nitrification) due to suppression of nitrite oxidising bacteria (NOB) is the basis of methods mentioned above. Stable shortcut nitrification is influenced by many factors and achieving of this process in a low-strength wastewater is still problematic, so some new procedures how to optimize it are investigated. This was also the main aim of research that was realized at the Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition of the Czech university of Life Sciences in Prague.
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Balance of Phosphorus and Potassium with Different Fertilizing Systems
Vašák, Filip ; Balík, Jiří (advisor) ; Jaroslav, Jaroslav (referee)
The balance of potassium and phosphorus were observed at long-term 17-year field experiments with different fertilizing systems. The field experiments were located at five sites in the Czech Republic (Červený Újezd, Hněvčeves, Humpolec, Lukavec and Suchdol) with different soil and climatic conditions. The balances were observed at: treatments with organic fertilization (sewage sludge, FYM), treatments with mineral fertilization (NPK, N, N + straw) and unfertilized control treatment, as well. Two experiments were realized: one with crop rotation (potatoes, winter wheat, spring barley) at all mentioned sites and the second was monoculture maize experiment at Červený Újezd and Suchdol sites.
The positive balance of phosphorus was at the treatments with sewage sludge (SS) as well as with farmyard manure (FYM) application and at the NPK treatment. The average phosphorus balance ranged between +1.8 and +14.0 kg/ha/year at the treatments NPK, between +7.2 and +21.6 kg/ha/year at treatments with FYM application and between +66.7 and +75.6 kg/ha/year at SS treatments, respectively. The balance of phosphorus with a higher dose of sewage sludge reached +249.6 kg/ha/year. The average negative balance of phosphorus (from -27.5 to -13.4 kg/ha/year) was calculated at the treatments N and N + straw. The balance of control unfertilized treatments ranged between -21.9 and -11.0 kg/ha/year.
The average positive balance of potassium in the experiment with crop rotation was estimated at all of FYM treatments. The balance reached the values from +2.3 to +30.1 kg/ha/year. On the contrary, the balance at FYM treatment in experiment with maize monoculture was negative (-15.2 kg K/ha/year). The balance of potassium in experiment with crop rotation ranged between -9.5 and 33.2 kg/ha/year at the NPK treatments. Similar values were obtained in the experiment with monoculture, where the balance at the NPK treatment reached +32.1 kg K/ha/year. The negative balance of potassium (between -69.2 and -8.9 kg/ha/year) was obtained at treatments with sewage sludge application. The most negative balances were calculated at N and N+straw treatments (-104 to -55.0 kg/ha/year) and as expected at Control (-73.2 to -43.6 kg K/ha/year).
The bioavailable soil phosphorus and potassium contents changes were in most cases in close relation with balances calculated. Soil variability in observed soil factors was found in the plots and confirms the assumption that the system of fertilization affects crop yields.
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Influence of cultivation conditions relating to climatic change on the selected polyphenol content in grapevine plants
Tříska, Jan ; Balík, J. ; Vrchotová, Naděžda ; Mikeš, O.
Winegrowing is highly climate sensitive. Even small changes in temperature could have big impacts on the whole industry. Because of the relatively high crop value, many growers can aff ord to invest in adaptation resources that might not be feasible for less valuable crops. Th ere are two basic types of response to climate change: working to adapt to or manage the impacts experienced, and trying to prevent or minimize further change (mitigation). Th ese are not mutually exclusive, and in fact, both are increasingly regarded as necessary. In our contribution we will discuss the eff ects of drought, irrigation and cultivation in greenhouses in comparison to cultivation in vineyards on the content of trans-piceid and trans-resveratrol in white and blue varieties of Vitis vinifera plants.
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Long term investigation of resveratrol content in moravian red wines in relation to climate conditions
Vrchotová, Naděžda ; Tříska, Jan ; Totušek, J. ; Balík, J.
The considerable commercial importance of wine together with the necessary quality control and investigation of the biological quality of constituent compounds leads to the development of adequate and reliable methods for the determination of macro- and micro-components in wine. Although wine contains a large amount of known compounds e.g. volatile (fl avour compounds), semi-volatile (phenolic) and non-volatile components (pigments), new compounds from all the above mentioned classes are still found in wine and are under heavy investigation, especially regarding their biological activity and their relation to the vinifi cation processes. Th e most signifi cant and famous due to the so-called French paradox is resveratrol-3,4´,5-trihydroxystilbene. Resveratrol is a stress metabolite formed in the grapevine in response to abiotic (UV irradiation) and biotic stresses (Botrytis cinerea). UV irradiation transforms trans isomer to cis form. But according the recent literature cis resveratrol could be also a result of organic farming – natural means of defence in organic viticulture against fungal infections. In our study we have investigated resveratrol content in diff erent vineyards in relation to annual mean temperature, precipitation and sun irradiation.
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Investigation of Complexes of Tebuconazole with Zinc
Jakl, M. ; Norková, Renáta ; Navrátil, Tomáš ; Jaklová Dytrtová, Jana ; Balík, J.
Tebuconazole is one of the most utilized triazole pesticides in agriculture. Its stability is highly affected by complexation with metals. Moreover, it creates more or less stable complexes with essential elements that become unavailable to plants. In the system with overbundant tebuconazole, an inert (very stable) complex with Zn was found. Elimination voltammetry wit linear scan was used for revealing of the electrode processes on the mercury surface. The relatively slow kinetically controlled step in tebuconazole/Zn complex formation indication indicates the great ability of Zn-tebuconazole system to react with more ligans. Therefore, multiligand Zn-tebuconazole complexes with other ligands are expected in the nature.
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