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Evaluation of the Financial Situation of Company and Proposals to its Improvement
Šulc, Michal ; Lisický, Adam (referee) ; Hornungová, Jana (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is based on the financial situation of OK PYRUS, s.r.o. in 2015-2019 for supporting methods of financial analysis. In theoretical studies, there are several relevant analyzes of financial analysis, which are based on analytical studies. Analytics has a fixed number of overheads and no charts. This practice is based on the fact that it is a very promising and successful solution, as it is a real estate agent, because it is a real-time application of prostitution in the field of financial support.
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Body surfaces of reptiles as projection screens of evolution
Abramjan, Andran ; Frynta, Daniel (advisor) ; Rehák, Ivan (referee) ; Šulc, Michal (referee)
The PhD thesis deals mainly with the coloration (and also scalation) of selected reptile species and explores evolutionary or ecological contexts indicated by these traits. The main topics can be roughly divided into two groups: 'antipredation signals' and 'effects of parthenogenesis'. The dominant method used in most studies is visual modelling. The work consists of the following case studies. 1) Blue-tongue skinks use their conspicuous blue tongues to threaten potential predators. We found that the tongue has a relatively high UV reflectance, a typical feature of intraspecific communication in lizards. Using visual models, we investigated how the blue tongue is perceived by the conspecifics and predators (birds of prey). In both visual models, the UV-blue tongue appears more conspicuous against the natural background than a pink tongue. In addition, in the conspecifics model, its hue partially overlaps with hues of UV-blue spots, which are sexually selected traits in various species of lizards. Thus, the UV-blue tongue seems to contribute to the effectiveness of the deimatic display and its possible role in intraspecific communication cannot be ruled out either. 2) We detected UV reflectance in non-pigmented areas of the skin in the Leopard gecko (Eublepharis macularius). These form white patches...
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Impact evaluation of foreign direct investment on the financial situation of an internationally operating enterprise and suggestions for its improvement
Šulc, Michal ; Hornungová, Jana (referee) ; Procházková, Kateřina (advisor)
This thesis is focused on the evaluation of the impact of foreign direct investment on the financial situation of the internationally operating company ČESKÁ LÉKÁRNA HOLDING, a.s. The theoretical part includes a comprehensive analysis of foreign direct investment from various aspects, financial analysis, selected indicators, analysis of external and internal environment and methodological approaches including statistical tests for subsequent research. The analytical part includes selected indicators for the period 2000 to 2021 presented in graphical form as well as research aimed at demonstrating the impact of foreign direct investment. The design section proposes solutions that are expected to induce positive or economically beneficial changes with the anticipated result of improving the company's financial situation.
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Nest construction
Jenšovský, Václav ; Kreisinger, Jakub (advisor) ; Šulc, Michal (referee)
The nest is in the life of birds important structure. It's a place where kept for posterity during the entire period of reproduction. For this to be nest offspring suitable place for development, must have a specific structure which is variable for each species. Variability, whether at the level of intraspecific and interspecific level and is influenced by several factors. These factors include thermal insulation properties, antipredatory properties, further property to protect the nest before (ecto) parasites, but also can design nest pose as a selectable character sexually. Each of those factors differently closer together, but often one factor may disadvantage second and thus reduce the success of rearing offspring. Key words: nest construction, thermal insulation properties, antipredatory properties, ectoparasites, sexual selection
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The role of ultraviolet light in communication of birds
Šulc, Michal ; Sedláček, Ondřej (advisor) ; Albrecht, Tomáš (referee)
Recently, it has been found that the visual system of birds and humans differ remarkably, especially in the ability to perceive ultraviolet radiation. This component of the spectrum significantly affects various types of the birds' behaviour. UV reflection may be an indicator of the qualities of males, i.e. females often prefer individuals with expressive UV ornamentation. Likewise, parents can distribute the delivered food unevenly among their nestlings, depending on the nestlings' reflection of ultraviolet radiation. Recent studies also showed that the hosts of brood parasites may use UV spectrum as a key for recognizing the parasitic eggs from their own. The aim of my bachelor thesis is to review the current knowledge of the influence of UV radiation on sexual selection of birds, the interaction between parents and offspring and interactions between brood parasites and their hosts.
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Evolution and function of polymorphism in warningly coloured prey
Fárová, Monika ; Exnerová, Alice (advisor) ; Šulc, Michal (referee)
Polymorphism can be expected in warningly colored prey if the prey is protected from predation by nothing else but its coloration. On the contrary, in defended prey, polymorphism was only until recently considered a controversial phenomenon due to its longer and costly avoidance learning. Individual moprhs can vary in different components of warning coloration: color, pattern, melanization degree, and internal and external contrast of colour patterns. This makes it difficult for predators to learn and remember warning signals of defended prey and avoid it in the future. Predator selection pressures and mechanisms leading to polymorphism differ between defended and undefended prey. For undefended prey, it is a negative frequency-depended selection that supports rare morphs or the multiple models hypothesis for one mimetic species. For defended prey, the polymorphism can occur temporarily (i. e., be unstable) and it also can be allowed by spatial heterogeneity of morphs or, as for undefended prey, one species can mimic multiple models. Quasi-Batesian mimesis could also contribute to the existence of the polymorphism, due to mechanisms similar to those in unprotected prey. Apart from selection by predators, there are other factors, that contribute to the existence of polymorhism in prey warning...
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Evidence for direct and indirect benefits of female promiscuity in vertebrates
Kuba, Martin ; Albrecht, Tomáš (advisor) ; Šulc, Michal (referee)
Female promiscuous behaviour has been observed in many vertebrate groups but its evolution and potential benefits to promiscuous females remain unclear. To explain female promiscuous behaviour, both adaptive and non-adaptive hypotheses have been proposed. According to adaptive hypotheses, females are promiscuous, because they gain benefits through multiple male copulations. These can further be divided into direct benefits hypotheses, where females are assumed to benefit directly from promiscuity by gaining more resources to themselves and improving their own survival, and indirect (genetic) benefits hypotheses where fitness gains to promiscuous females are through improved quality of their offspring. In contrast, according to non-adaptive hypotheses, females do not gain any benefits from promiscuous behaviour and female promiscuous behaviour is a result of male offensive strategies to gain paternity. Adaptive hypotheses, especially those concerning genetic benefits, are highly debated and existing studies often differ in their conclusions. The aim of this thesis is to provide a review of studies evaluating adaptive and non-adaptive hypotheses to explain female promiscuous behaviour in vertebrates. Key words: Promiscuity, sexual conflict, sperm competition, good genes, genetic complementarity,...
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Timing of egg laying in obligate brood parasites
Studecký, Jan ; Šulc, Michal (advisor) ; Pipek, Pavel (referee)
Obligate brood parasitism has evolved in 109 bird species around the world, which is approximately 1 % of all bird species. This alternative reproductive strategy is associated with complex evolution of the relationships between parasite and host(s) which is responsible for many adaptations on both sides. One of the important adaptations is the timing of egg laying either within a season, time of a day, or nesting stage of an individual host pair. The speed of laying itself is also no less important adaptation. Because brood parasitism is present worldwide in many different bird orders and parasites use variable species as their hosts, this adaptation is expected to be variable as well. My thesis will review information about timing of egg laying in all main taxonomical groups of brood parasites and will compare this adaptation between specialists and generalists, between closely related parasites with different hosts or between sedentary and migratory parasitic species. The main focus is on the question of coevolution with the host in relation to different timing strategies and an attempt to explain the differences in these strategies. Keywords: birds, coevolution, brood parasitism, egg laying, timing
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Automimicry-intraspecific variation in antipredatory defences
Stránská, Anna ; Exnerová, Alice (advisor) ; Šulc, Michal (referee)
Aposematic prey is characterized by the fact that individuals are warningly-coloured and unpalatable to predators. However, variability in antipredator defence may occur within one species. The presence of intraspecific variation in antipredator defences is called automimicry. Automimics can be palatable or have a different level of quantity or quality of chemical defence. One of the ways through which the variability arises is for instance consumption of specific plants which defence against predators by means of sequestration. Intraspecific variation in antipredator defence affects the behaviour of predators that can distinguish between palatable of unpalatable prey. Chemical defence is costly for unpalatable individuals. Palatable individuals on the other hand save much energy by simply resembling unpalatable individuals of the same species.
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