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Time use dependent on presence of children in household for generation 40s to 70s of the 20th century in the United States of America
Slabá, Jitka ; Kurtinová, Olga (advisor) ; Šťastná, Anna (referee)
Time use dependent on presence of children in household for generation 40s to 70s of the 20th century in the United States of America Abstract: The fertility of women has declined under reproduction level 2.1 children per women in economic developed countries during the last few decades. At the same time the employment of women has risen and time use has changed. Main aim of this thesis is to understand how generations born in 1940-1979 living in the USA changed the spending of their time. The AHTUS data set is analysed by comparing averages of times spent by total work, paid work, unpaid work and child care. The time spent by total work declined between generations born at 40s and 70s. Average time spent by paid work declined too. The men's average time spent by unpaid work increased and women's average time decreased. In spite of fertility decrease between 40s and 70s generations, the women's and men's time spent by childcare extremely increased. The men's time spent by child care increased five times, while women's time spent by child care increased more than three times. The rise of time spent by child care is realized by increasing in primary and secondary activities. Primary activities contain time spent by childcare, secondary activities include all activities where childcare was declared e as a...
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Assisted reproduction - influence on fertility and selected characteristics of newborns in Czechia
Martínková, Kateřina ; Šťastná, Anna (advisor) ; Kocourková, Jiřina (referee)
Assisted reproduction - influence on fertility and selected characteristics of newborns in Czechia Abstract The use of assisted reproductive technology (ART) has become very widespread in recent years, even in Czechia. The aim of this paper is to identify ART's influence on fertility rates and selected characteristics of newborns, especially in the context of demographics in Czechia. The first part of the thesis focuses on describing the process of fertility postponement and the related use of various ART methods. The second part deals with analyzing fertility level and timing and selected characteristics of newborns with emphasis on the comparison of children according to the method of conception. A data set is used for analysis, which was created by linking data on ART cycles from the National Register of Assisted Reproduction with data of children born collected by the Czech Statistical Office. A detailed analysis shows that the spread of assisted reproduction has a significant impact on the overall demographic situation in Czechia, especially in the ability of older women to realize their fertility. This analysis also suggests some differences between infants born via ART versus infants born without the use of ART in terms of birth outcomes. Binary logistic regression also confirms a certain effect of...
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Population development in the post-socialist countries of EU at both national and regional level in the context of the second demographic transition
Procházka, Ondřej ; Šídlo, Luděk (advisor) ; Šťastná, Anna (referee)
Population development in the post-socialist countries of EU at both national and regional level in the context of the second demographic transition Abstract This diploma thesis aims to analyse changes in demographic behaviour in the post-socialist countries of today's EU and confront them with the concept of the second demographic transition, or other alternative concepts, which are detailly discussed in the theoretical part. The period between 1980-2018 was covered - shortly before, during and after the transformation period. The analytical part consists of three parts: state and regional analysis with the addition of results from the GGS sample survey. The results confirmed the specificity of this region, differences in the development of traditional and liberal countries, significant regional differentiation in the development of demographic indicators and different causes of demographic change in the countries most affected by the transformation (Bulgaria, Romania and partially the Baltic states). The conclusions correspond to previous research, which emphasizes the need to consider different region-specific development trajectories, or the use of diverse concepts. Keywords: GGS, postponement transition concept, post-socialist countries, regional level, second demographic transition, social anomie...
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Non-marital cohabitation in Czechia through the eyes of adolescents and their parents
Račáková, Ivana ; Šťastná, Anna (advisor) ; Fialová, Ludmila (referee)
Non-marital cohabitation in Czechia through the eyes of adolescents and their parents Abstract The aim of the thesis is to characterize the role of non-marrital cohabitation in the life paths of the generation of adolescents and then to compare their attitudes to cohabitation with the attitudes of the generation of their parents. The theoretical part deals at first with changes in family life, namely the overall decline in fertility and nuptiality, growth in non-marital fertility and other changes closely related to the spread of non-marital cohabitation in the Czech society after 1990s. These changes in real demographic behaviour occur in parallel with changes in values of individuals, so the thesis also focuses on the attitudes of the population to partnership, marriage and parenthood. The analytical part examines, via contingency tables, the preferences of adolescents and their parents to three statements about types of non-marital cohabitation, which come from the dataset of the panel survey of households "Transformations of Czech society 2018". The results show more traditional attitudes towards non- marital cohabitation among adolescents compared to their parents. In their life plans, most adolescents still count on marriage and would not prefer to live their whole life in an informal partnership. Key...
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Assisted reproduction from the perspective of cross-border reproductive care
Volejníková, Adéla ; Kocourková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Šťastná, Anna (referee)
Assisted reproduction from the perspective of cross-border reproductive care Abstract The importance of assisted reproduction and associated cross-border reproductive care, which is often due to limited availability or inappropriate ART-related legislation, is significantly increasing in the context of delaying parenthood to a higher age. Therefore, the aim of the submitted work is to compare the Czech Republic as one of the target countries for cross-border reproductive care with selected European countries, chosen based on the highest proportion of female patients travelling to the Czech Republic for fertility treatment. Thus, the result is a comparative analysis of Czechia, France, Italy, Germany, Sweden, and the United Kingdom in terms of the usage and availability of ART and public attitudes towards ART. The work also seeks to answer why Czechia is an attractive target for cross-border reproductive care and how its increased intensity is manifested in Czechia. Data is adapted from ESHRE's European IVF Monitoring, and data from the latest wave of European Value Study from 2017 is then used to analyse public attitudes towards ART. The comparative analysis mainly works with graphic elements and descriptive statistics. Binary logistic regression is used to analyse the public attitudes. The research results...
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Baugruppe Now
Šťastná, Anna ; Císler, Ondřej (referee) ; Hora, Jan (advisor)
Baugruppe, as an alternative option for housing, is made up of a group of people who are looking for a way to create their own housing according to their ideas. They become developers themselves, looking for interesting solutions for their housing that the regular real estate market does not offer. Together, they find land that is often less attractive to ordinary developers and compromise to decide on all the design steps. For the proposed Baugruppe, the site is situated in the town Znojmo, Czech republic. The plots were chosen in such a way that they did not have any particular qualities - on the contrary, that they were rather places that were not at first sight very attractive. The theme of the work is to portray the Baugruppe way of living as community housing. The proposal seeks to figure out a way to make community coexistence as natural as possible for all Baugruppe participants. Whether just meeting the neighbors on the way to their apartments, meeting on the terrace with a friend from the opposite apartment or organizing an event in the common interior/exterior spaces for all Baugruppe participants. All these spaces create a slightly different atmosphere and become a combination of different small worlds that intertwine with each other. At the same time, the aim of the work is to create a house that opens up to its surroundings while allowing all the events of the house to take place undisturbed inside.
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Analysing fertility developments in selected European countries between 1970 and 2014 using alternative methods
Vachuška, Jakub ; Kurtinová, Olga (advisor) ; Šťastná, Anna (referee)
Analysing fertility developments in selected European countries between 1970 and 2014 using alternative methods Abstract Transversal fertility indices as the total fertility rate are distorted by tempo effect when timing of childbearing is changing. New indices as the tempo-adjusted total fertility rate remove this distortion and give another perspective on fertility trends in countries with present tempo effect. These countries are former Eastern Bloc countries and other European countries. This thesis uses the tempo-adjusted total fertility rate and data from Human Fertility Database to describe tempo distortion in fertility level in Sweden, Norway, Czechia, Slovakia, Estonia and Lithuania in period 1970-2014. A more detailed analysis by parity in Sweden and Czechia is conducted in the same period. Negative tempo effect has been present from 1970s in Sweden and Norway and then from 90s in the countries left with fertility postponement being very widespread. The tempo effect level in Sweden and Czechia was substantial at parity one and diminishing with higher parities. Keywords: fertility, timing, level, postponement, adjusted total fertility rate, tempo effect Number of characters without blank spaces: 138 653
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Reproductive ageing and its reflection in obstetrics in Czechia
Waldaufová, Eva ; Šťastná, Anna (advisor) ; Kocourková, Jiřina (referee)
Reproductive ageing and its reflection in obstetrics in Czechia Abstract The aim of this thesis is to explore trends in obstetrics in Czechia in the context of increasing maternal age. The key issue is the rise in the percentage of births performed by caesarean section. The first part of the work sums up the current knowledge of fertility development and describes the selected effects of fertility postponement, health risks, especially of caesarean sections. Subsequently, the evolution of fertility in Czechia between 1989 and 2018 and the development in the proportion of births by caesarean section from 1994 to 2018 are analysed. The incidence of caesarean section births is examined based on individual anonymous data from the National Health Information System in 2018. It considers the age of the mothers and other characteristics of the mothers and newborns in Czechia. The odds of giving birth by caesarean section are estimated using the binary logistical regression method. It turns out that in recent years the growth of births executed by caesarean section has stopped, although the age of mothers and the use of assisted reproduction methods continues to grow. Reproductive ageing is reflected in the increase in caesarean section births, but at the same time its occurrence is influenced by a number of other...
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