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Fertility in Czechia within the polarity of urban vs. rural areas in 1996-2020
Veselá, Tereza ; Šídlo, Luděk (advisor) ; Havelková, Tereza (referee)
Fertility in Czechia within the polarity of urban vs. rural areas in 1996-2020 Abstract The intensity and timing of fertility have undergone significant development since the early 1990s in Czechia, which can be observed through several demographic indicators of fertility. This bachelor's thesis analyses the difference in the development of fertility intensity and timing between urban and rural municipalities for the entire Czechia and individual districts separately since 1996 to 2020. The theoretical part of the thesis addresses regional differentiation of fertility, fertility trends in the Czechia since the 1990s, and the definition of the concepts of urban and rural areas, based on which the municipalities of the Czechia are divided in the analytical part of the thesis. The aim of this study is to compare the fertility trends between urban and rural areas and identify regions with same or similar values of the resulting demographic indicators. In the analytical part of the thesis, further analysis is conducted on the differences in intensity and timing of fertility for each selected fertility indicator separately, which shows the differentiation of the studied urban and rural dichotomy. Key words: intensity and timing of fertility, urban area, rural area, total fertility rate, mean age of women at birth...
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Comparison of the development of selected demographic indicators in Southern European countries at the beginning of the 21st century
Stryka, Václav ; Šídlo, Luděk (advisor) ; Kurtinová, Olga (referee)
Comparison of the development of selected demographic indicators in the Southern European countries at the beginning of the 21st century Abstract The main aim of this bachelor's thesis is the comparison of selected demographic indicators in the countries of Southern Europe during the years 2000-2021. Among these countries, Italy, Spain, Portugal and Greece were chosen. The thesis provides a basic socio-economic analysis of the mentioned countries, their population structure and the development of basic indicators of natural reproduction under the influence of the components of fertility, mortality and migration. Based on the analysis of demographic processes, a hypothesis was raised about the fundamental influence of immigration on population growth. Two crisis periods were also marked out, which affected all states, and the change in the current trend of the development of fertility and mortality indicators was monitored. The second hypothesis assumes the greatest change in fertility indicators during the economic crisis and mortality indicators during the epidemiological crisis. The results of the first analysis reveal that immigration currently determines the development of the total population increase. The second hypothesis is also confirmed, the conclusion of the second analysis clarifies the direct...
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Changes in fertility characteristics and population structures in Southern and Eastern Europe: interrelationships and contexts
Kahoun, Lukáš ; Šídlo, Luděk (advisor) ; Kurtinová, Olga (referee)
Changes in fertility characteristics and population structures in Southern and Eastern Europe: interrelationships and contexts Abstract There were significant changes in fertility characteristics and population structures between 1970 and 2020 in both Southern and Eastern Europe. This transition is associated with the concept of the second demographic transition by some authors. An unconventional methodology is used for its research in this thesis. Two three-dimensional scatter plots, which at the same time form unit cubes, are constructed using three selected indicators of both changes (fertility and structures). The distance between individual observations by examined years is interpreted as the dynamics of the transition of the given decades. The dynamics values from both scatter plots are then analyzed and compared with the others. The results show that changes between fertility characteristics and population structures are related to a certain extent, but the observed differences between regions or the specifics of some states complicate the generalization of this relationship. These conclusions also agree with the literature published so far. Key words: fertility, population structures, second demographic transition, data visualization, three-dimensional scatter plot Character count: 149 752
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Application of prospective indicators of demographic ageing at the district level in Czechia
Čábela, Filip ; Šídlo, Luděk (advisor) ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (referee)
Application of prospective indicators of demographic ageing at the district level in Czechia Abstract The objective of this study is to analyze differences in the level of demographic ageing using prospective indicators at the LAU 1 level of the regions (districts) of Czechia in the periods 2006-2010, 2015-2019 and 2017-2021. The second objective is to compare the results of the analysis of prospective indicators with the results of a retrospective approach and to compare the differences between individual periods. Based on the results of the analysis, it can be stated that the districts Praha-západ and Praha-východ are among the youngest LAU 1 regions in Czechia. The most affected by demographic aging are the districts of the Ústecký kraj (e.g. Most, Teplice), as well as the districts Bruntál, Jeseník and Sokolov. For almost all LAU 1 regions, the values of prospective indicators increased between individual periods (with the exception of constant prospective age). The highest differences between the values of prospective and retrospective indicators are achieved by the districts in the period 2015-2019. The values of the indicators of both approaches are most similar in the districts of the Ústecký kraj, and differ the most in "urban" districts. The effect of the Covid-19 pandemic on the values of...
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Population development in the Netherlands at the NUTS 1 regional level
Síbová, Monika ; Šídlo, Luděk (advisor) ; Brázová, Kateřina (referee)
Population development in the Netherlands at NUTS 1 regional level Abstract The main goal of this thesis is to analyze the population development in the Netherlands at the level of NUTS 1 regions in the period 1990-2020. The analysis of population development is based on the comparison of indicators of age structure, fertility, and mortality. The work includes a description of the population development between 1950-1990 and also includes an outline of the historical and social context that determined the country's population development. The work aims to evaluate whether and or how these factors had an impact on the population development of the country and individual NUTS 1 regions. Keywords: NUTS 1, Netherlands, population development, regional differentiation, migration
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Population development of district towns in the South Bohemian Region
Votavová, Kateřina ; Šídlo, Luděk (advisor) ; Brázová, Kateřina (referee)
Population development of district towns in the South Bohemian Region Abstract The aim of the thesis is to analyse and describe the population development in the seven largest cities of the South Bohemia Region in the period 1997-2021. The thesis draws on individual and anonymised data to analyse the basic demographic indicators of fertility, mortality and migration. The work compares the cities with each other as well as compares the development with the national average. Among other things, the thesis examines the development documents of cities, especially their efforts to address demographic issues. Moreover, the analysis shows that most cities, with the exception of Písek, tend to lose population, but with different intensity and timing. In all cities fertility intensity and mortality evolve similarly with minimal differences. Finally, the city management is currently trying to address demographic issues in most cities. Keywords: population development, towns, fertility, mortality, migration
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Geodemographic aspects of the take-up, provision, and availability of the selected healthcare services in Czechia
Brázová, Kateřina ; Šídlo, Luděk (advisor) ; Lustigová, Michala (referee) ; Býma, Svatopluk (referee)
Geodemographic aspects of the take-up, provision, and availability of the selected healthcare services in Czechia Abstract This work focuses on finding connections and monitoring differences in the area of take-up, provision, and availability of the selected health services in Czechia, especially from a geodemographic point of view. The main goal is to describe and evaluate the influence of basic demographic aspects, age and sex, on take-up, provision, and availability of health services, and also to clarify regional differences. This issue has so far been studied relatively limited in the Czech environment. The work mainly concerns the segment of outpatient care, which is an irreplaceable component of the healthcare system, namely specializations of general practice, outpatient diabetology, cardiology, and psychiatry. Particularly data from the General Health Insurance Company of the Czech Republic (VZP ČR) were used, which contained detailed anonymised information on take-up, provision and availability of health services. Based on these data, methods of a quantitative character were applied. The findings confirm global trends and also offer new insights for further examination of the issue. Keywords: health services, physicians, patients, age structure, demographic ageing, regional differences, Czechia
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Modification of ArcMap triangular graph algorithm and its application to the analysis of fertility timing in Europe
Mondeková, Alexandra ; Šídlo, Luděk (advisor) ; Kraus, Jaroslav (referee)
The thesis has two main objectives. The first goal is to modify the algorithm for creating a triangular graph in order to extend it to work with time. The tool modified in this way is then applied to specific demographic data, which represents the second of the intended objectives of the thesis. ArcMap and the Python programming language are used to fulfil the set goal. The analysed demographic indicator is the fertility rate by age, which is divided into three age categories representing early, middle and late fertility. This indicator is analysed between 1970 and 2020, which also represents the observed period in this thesis. The analysis itself relates to the territory of Europe, with the territorial units being made up of individual countries. The main part of the work consists of the modification of the above algorithm itself and its subsequent application, thanks to which it was possible to determine the structure and development of the monitored indicator. The main finding is that in all countries in the studied region there was a decrease in the proportion of the youngest age group, which was also associated with an increasing proportion of the oldest age group. However, this development was not uniform within the territory of Europe, but its dynamics were varied. This finding led to the creation of...
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Measles incidence analysis in Czechia: temporal and spatial context
Šťovíčková, Tereza ; Netrdová, Pavlína (advisor) ; Šídlo, Luděk (referee)
Measles is a highly contagious rash disease, with human as the only natural source. Although there is an effective vaccine, so measles could be another eradicated disease, there are still measles outbreaks all around the world. This master's thesis deals with the occurrence of measles in Czechia in years 2005-2021 in terms of time and space. The source of data is the Information System of Infectious Diseases and the Czech Statistical Office. The first objective of this master's thesis is to find seasonality of the incidence of measles for individual months from January 2005 to December 2021. The second objective is to map the occurrence of measles in Czechia in years 2017-2019 from the perspective of age- and gender-specific annual incidence rate and also from the spatial point of view, which means the annual standardized incidence rate in different districts of Czechia. The third objective is to identify effects of some epidemiological and demographic factors on the occurrence of measles in districts of the Czech Republic in year 2019, when the strongest epidemic took place. Keywords: measles, measles vaccine coverage, epidemic, districts of Czechia, Czechia
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Current state and perspectives of development of residential social services capacities for the elderly in MEP administrative districts of the Vysočina Region
Havelková, Tereza ; Šídlo, Luděk (advisor) ; Kučera, Tomáš (referee)
Current state and perspectives of development of residential social services capacities for the elderly in MEP administrative discricts of the Vysočina Region Abstract The thesis deals with the evaluation of the current capacities of residential social services for seniors in the administrative discricts of municipalities with extended powers (AD MEP) of the Vysočina Region and an outline of their possible future development. First, a projection of the population in MEP administrative discricts was created on the basis of the projection of the population of the Vysočina Region and the demographic characteristics of the given administrative districts. Data on the current capacities of homes for the elderly and homes with a special regime in individual MEP administrative discricts were obtained from the Register of Social Service Providers. Based on our projection of the population and the current capacities of residential social services, model estimates of the capacities of these facilities in the administrative districts of the Vysočina Region were calculated. It was found that in order to maintain the current availability of residential services, capacities should increase by more than a third by 2050. The highest relative increase in capacity should occur in AD MEP Velké Meziříčí and AD MEP Jihlava,...
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