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Socio-geographic determinants of risky substance use among Czech adolescents
Kážmér, Ladislav ; Dzúrová, Dagmar (advisor) ; Kulhánová, Ivana (referee) ; Králíková, Eva (referee)
The thesis aims at the specific issues of health-related behaviour among the contemporary Czech youth, with particular emphasis on a socio-geographical dimension of the phenomena. In particular, it aims at identification of selected demographic, social, and contextual factors underlying the inequalities in risky substance use among the Czech adolescent population in its complex multilevel perspective. By applying the advanced methodology of multilevel modelling, the author reveals an integral nature of these factors in space and time, and thus contributes to a deeper knowledge on the structures and processes determining the selected forms of risk behaviours. In addition to an integrative multilevel approach, the author derives recommendations for an effective planning and implementation of preventive measures in agenda of the Czech drug policy as well. Key words: adolescence; substance use; prevalence; socio-geographic inequalities; multilevel analysis; Czechia
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Cognitive maps as a tool of perception of Czechs living in North America
Pánová, Pavla ; Dzúrová, Dagmar (advisor) ; Siwek, Tadeusz (referee)
The perception of American and Czech reality by long-time members of the Czech community in the USA is the purpose of this diploma thesis. The thesis will focus on the possibilities of using cognitive maps in the study of spatial preferences of two groups of migrants. The year 1989 is one of the most important milestones in Czechoslovakian and Czech history, so it was set as a determining date in this thesis as well. This year divided the respondents into two groups - the incoming migrants to the USA before 1989 (inclusive) and incoming migrants to the USA after 1989. Distribution of respondents into two groups then allowed comparison of preferences using both qualitative methods - assessment of cognitive maps, and quantitative methods - statistical testing of the hypothesis. An important part of the thesis has also become demonstrating possible ways of linking qualitative and quantitative research to achieve a deeper understanding of the issue. Key words: cognitive map, perception, preferences, migration, Czechia, USA
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Drugs in pregnancy - strategy at selection optimal therapy and survey situation in CR
Marková, Gabriela ; Hubičková Heringová, Lucie (advisor) ; Dzúrová, Dagmar (referee)
Medication during pregnancy are frequently used for the treatment of maternal disease. Chronic diseases, like depression, anxiety, autoimmune diseases have to be treated during the pregnancy. Acute diseases, in case of need, must be treated as well. In both situation the strategy of the treatment should reflect the risk for mother and fetus. Optimal therapy is to take the effective drug for mother with minimalisation of therisk for fetus. We analyzed database of cases of prospectively followed pregnancies exposed to certain drugs and evaluate the medication with respect to the risk for the fetus. We recorded the most frequent health care providers in Czech Republic, who seek the information about risk of pharmacotherapy during pregnancy by Czech Teratology Information Service and compared the medication with optimal choice.
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Self-perceived health with focus on determinants of depression in selected countries of Europe
Mlíčková, Klára ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor) ; Dzúrová, Dagmar (referee)
Self-perceived health with focus on determinants of depression in selected countries of Europe Abstract The aim of this thesis is to describe and compare the proportions of people with depressive symptoms in 29 European countries based on the health survey EHIS 2014. The effect of age, sex and education determinants is examined while focusing on persons aged 65 years and over. Using the cluster analysis method, proportions of persons aged 15 years and over suffering from depressive symptoms with the proportion of persons aged 65 years and over with depressive symptoms are compared and so are the sex differences in depressive symptoms within the persons aged 65 years and over. The relationship between the determinant of education and the depressive symptoms of persons aged 65 years and over is shown by conditional formatting. Analyses indicate that there is an apparent increase in the occurrence of depressive symptoms in the elderly, and it is even more noticeable with women. The level of education is also reflected in the occurrence of depressive symptoms, nevertheless, this relationship is not as apparent in the selected countries as it is for the age and sex determinants. Keywords: self-perceived health, health determinants, depressive symptoms, EHIS
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Socio-geographic determinants of risky substance use among Czech adolescents
Kážmér, Ladislav ; Dzúrová, Dagmar (advisor) ; Kulhánová, Ivana (referee) ; Králíková, Eva (referee)
The thesis aims at the specific issues of health-related behaviour among the contemporary Czech youth, with particular emphasis on a socio-geographical dimension of the phenomena. In particular, it aims at identification of selected demographic, social, and contextual factors underlying the inequalities in risky substance use among the Czech adolescent population in its complex multilevel perspective. By applying the advanced methodology of multilevel modelling, the author reveals an integral nature of these factors in space and time, and thus contributes to a deeper knowledge on the structures and processes determining the selected forms of risk behaviours. In addition to an integrative multilevel approach, the author derives recommendations for an effective planning and implementation of preventive measures in agenda of the Czech drug policy as well. Key words: adolescence; substance use; prevalence; socio-geographic inequalities; multilevel analysis; Czechia
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Risk factors affecting endometriosis in women of reproductive age, ALSWH Study
Olšarová, Karolína ; Dzúrová, Dagmar (advisor) ; Pikhart, Hynek (referee)
This thesis adapts a life course approach in epidemiology to endometriosis. Endometriosis is a highly prevalent chronic disease affecting women in reproductive age. Firstly, the topic of this disease is introduced, the situation and current knowledge in Australia is discussed. Positive changes in a national level are presented. Secondly, early life exposers and maternal behaviour are investigated as possible risk and protective factors. A systematic review of early life factors identified a low birthweight and formula feeding of infants as risk factors for the development of endometriosis. Lastly, the relation of birthweight, weight at childhood and endometriosis was analysed using data of Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health. Other risk and protective factors were evaluated and included into the analysis. Logistic regression was used for determination of statistical significance. High weight at 10 years old was found to be a protective factor against endometriosis.
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Cancer and healthy life style: Socio-epidemiological study
Coganová, Klára ; Dzúrová, Dagmar (advisor) ; Kulhánová, Ivana (referee)
The prevalence of cancer in the world continues to grow, faster in economically developed countries. According to current scientific knowledge, at least one third of cases could be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle. The present thesis therefore sought to analyze the prevalence of cancer in connection with the lifestyle of the European population, of 63,772 respondents of the SHARE study (The Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe) in fact. The work contains the theoretical description of the problem and the analytical part. The differences in the prevalence of the diseases of the respondents from 16 European countries were monitored in the empirical part. The relation between the incidence of cancer and the groups of diseases defined by alcohol consumption, smoking, obesity and the lifestyle of the respondents was analyzed by the method of binary logistic regression. The survey was expanded by the summarizing indicator of Healthy Lifestyle Index, compiled from smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, body weight, and consumption of fruit and vegetables. The analysis, among other things, showed that with the decline in the healthy lifestyle index, the risk of malignancy in both men and women increased and is more pronounced in males. Keywords: cancer, prevalence, healthy...
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Mortality in countries of Eastern and Southern Europe: trends and patterns
Šplíchal, Matěj ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor) ; Dzúrová, Dagmar (referee)
Mortality in countries of Eastern and Southern Europe: trends and patterns Abstract The purpose of this thesis to is to evaluate any variances and commonality in the trends of mortality rates between southern and eastern Europe for the period beginning at the end of World War II (WWII) to present day. In order that the data used in the analysis of the populations of these two European regions is drawn from broad-based yet controlled demographic parameters, two countries from each region have been targeted. From southern Europe, Italy and Portugal, and from Eastern Europe Hungary and Bulgaria. The thesis will present both the analysis of data that relates to the development of the gross mortality rate together with that of more refined data that calculates the standardised mortality rate. A more in-depth analysis of mortality trends based on mortality tables and decomposition methods will also be presented using indicators of life expectancy at birth, infant mortality and life span, together with methods of decomposition of the difference between two demographic indicators (Kitagawy, R. Pressata, E. Arriagy and V. M. Shkolnikova). The conclusion of the analytical section deals with age variability at death. The hypotheses, set out in the introductory chapter, are evaluated at the end of the paper, based on...
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Sexually transmitted Infections in Prague: Socio-epidemiological analysis
Sekera, Jan Carlos ; Dzúrová, Dagmar (advisor) ; Jágrová, Zdeňka (referee)
This thesis is focused on a situation of sexually transmitted infections in Prague (and in The Czech Republic shallowly) and analyzes this issue relatively to the social epidemiology. The thesis tries to identify the most vulnerable groups of a population. These groups contain homosexual men, individuals having unprotected sex and promiscuous people. Further more, the thesis tries to identify a relation between a high-risk factor and an exposition of a particular infection. For example, it was found out that sexual related risks are mostly determinated by a sexual behavior and a region where the individuals come from. Also, men are more vulnerable group of people than women according to findings of this thesis. A gonorrhoea infection is the most reported sexually transmitted infection in Prague (59,1 % of all cases). Syphilis is the second most common infection of this kind. The highest prevalence of sexually transmitted infections was reported for people with (finished or unfinished) basic education. This group of people represents 14,3 % of all reported cases. Its prevalence is 67,7 patients per ten thousand individuals. A group of people aged 20 - 29 years is another group with high prevalence. Further identification of a sexual behavior in The Czech Republic was one of the main goals of this...
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