|
|
Changing the access to ensuring fire protection at The Temelin Nuclear Power Station after the accident at The Fukusima Nuclear Power Station.
KŘÍŽEK, Luboš
The theme of the dissertation is a change in an approach to securing fire protection in the Temelín Nuclear Power Plant after the accident in the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant. The theoretical part is an introduction to fire protection. It especially points out the statutory obligations applicable for both the public and the private sector, which are transferred to the companys fire rescue corps too. At the same time, fire protection is interconnected with legislation and specified in greater detail in EU countries. The theoretical part describes the process of building a uniform information system, safety-related issues and prevention of dangerous situations. The theoretical part summarizes the history of the nuclear energy industry, from the discovery of the disintegration of the uranium nucleus in 1938 and the first controlled reaction of uranium liberation by splitting a nucleus in 1942, when, at the same time, the first reactor was built. Unfortunately, this discovery did not only familiarize mankind with positive aspects associated with a controlled reaction, but it also showed the dark side of nuclear energy in the form of atomic bombs used mainly in the course of the World War II. After the World War II, civil defence organizations were gradually founded in the world. The main goal of all these organizations was to prevent nuclear weapons, nuclear power plants and nuclear fuel from being spread. At the present time there are three strong international organizations dealing with nuclear fission. Despite all the efforts to build a system of radiation protection, environmental protection and impacts on living organisms were not elaborated fully. First, passive attitudes aimed at protective equipment were the central theme, and these passive attitudes have been reflecting in an active approach to environmental protection in the past few years, the goal being to eliminate phenomena giving rise to threats to the environment and life as such. The actual history of nuclear power plants is very complex and complicated. The principle of all these power plants, no matter what type of reactor their operation is based on, is always nuclear fission the trouble is that in this case any wrong handling or storage has immense consequences for the whole world's population. The development of the nuclear energy industry in the Czech Republic was slow, which was caused by the occupation of the Jáchymov uranium mines by the Soviet Army after the World War II. Based on an agreement with Czechoslovakia, the Soviet Army exported the uranium extracted to the Soviet Union and left just 10% of it in the territory of Czechoslovakia. At that time, nuclear power plants began to be built in Czechoslovakia, such as the Jaslovské Bohunice Nuclear Power Plant, Dukovany Nuclear Power Plant and the Temelín Nuclear Power Plant as the last one, whose construction was started in times of Czechoslovakia, but which was completed and put into operation in times of the existence of the Czech Republic. The research is focused on emergency events which were the cause of the accident in the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant. Based on an FMEA (failure mode and effects analysis), the issues related to the activities of the company's fire rescue corps were specified. Another analysis is focused on the evaluation of outside and inside factors and evaluation of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats to the company's fire rescue corps. Utilizing an FMEA, possible risks and failures are detected. The goal of this analysis is to eliminate risks and increase safety. The result is objective evaluation and increase in safety within the Temelín Nuclear Power Plant. A considerable negative aspect of this analysis is that it is very time consuming and varies in time due to the changeability of the factors monitored. The result of all the work is the evaluation of the existing state of the company's fire rescue corps through a SWOT analysiS.
|
|
|
Specifies of nursing care in children with epilepsy.
KOBZOVÁ, Andrea
Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological conditions and can affect children of any age. Epilepsy is accompanied by many symptoms and similarly to other conditions requires specific treatment and care.. Children patients have difficulties to accept this fact and it is necessary to support them. This thesis called "Specifics of nursing care for epileptic children" consists of two parts. The theoretical part describes epilepsy, its types, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and regiment. A large part focuses on nursing care for epileptic children. The empirical part of this bachelor thesis has three aims. The first aim was to find out common nursing practices when caring for children epileptic patients. The second aim was to find out the needs of hospitalized epileptic children. The last aim was to create an educative material for nurses working at standard hospital wards. A research question was set for each of these aims: What procedures do nurses use when looking after patients with epilepsy? What are the specifics of nursing when looking after a child hospitalized with epilepsy? What needs do children hospitalized with epilepsy have? The research for the empirical part was carried out using qualitative method of research. Nurses in University Hospital Brno and in the Motol Hospital were interviewed using the method of semi-structured interview to collect data.. Data such as age, gender, degree of education and length of experience of each nurse were also taken into account.. If necessary, further questions were asked to clarify the answer. If the nurse agreed, the interview was recorded on Dictaphone. Some interviews were written down word-by-word when the nurse did not agree with recording. The interviews were then typed into Microsoft Word 2007 and data was divided into the following categories: Specifics of hospitalization, Accompanying persons, Specifics of medical examination, Child's needs, Regimen, Specifics of nursing care, Safety, Communication rules. Diagrams were created in draw.io software. The research revealed facts and answers described below. It was revealed that when it comes to hospitalization, the look of the room and the care are very important, and that it is necessary to use a regular daily regimen. Emphasis was laid on children's safety; accommodating the child in a suitable room, preferably near the nurses' room; the furniture should have round edges; beds with side barriers; alarm. The interviewees' statements regarding hospitalization with or without a child's parent differ. Most interviewees replied that this depends on the child's age. It is suitable that a small child is accompanied by a parent during hospitalization, but this is not necessary in case of older children who sometimes do not even require this. The research also revealed that preparing a child for magnetic resonation also differs with age. Older children are only prepared psychologically. Small children are under general anaesthesia and the preparations are more demanding. When identifying the children's needs it was revealed that the most important needs of an epileptic child are independency and socialization. Children feel greatly limited because they cannot take part in evening parties, driving lessons, sports, they cannot do demanding and adrenalin sport activities or sports where they could fall from a height. The research revealed that during an epileptic fit it is important to measure its length, observe what part of the body the fit affects, what is its frequency, if he wets himself, drooling.. Not all interviewees confirmed that children should be prevented from movement during a fit. An important part of the nursing care is communication, which should have character of communication with a normal healthy child. This thesis can be used to educate and widen the nurses and parents' knowledge about the care for epileptic children. It can be also used as a teaching material for nurse trainees.
|
|
|
The issue of mobilization of seniors in communication in nursing care Homes for the elderly
KLOUDOVÁ, Martina
Basic theoretical standpoints: This Dissertation has been focused on problems on functional changes and illnesses in old age and seniors' activation. An aging of the population is constantly growing in developed countries of which could be deducted naturally increasing interest in this issue. Health care staff is confronted with greater number of elderly people thus as very important aspects are the ability of nurses to recognize their needs and to look at the old age as a natural part of human life. The support of seniors' self-care and their activation should be the main objective of health care staff. Aims of the Dissertation: Three aims were identified to find out specific problems of nursing care with communications between the nurse and the elderly, to examine options of their activation such as a prevention of communications barriers and lastly to discover nurses' knowledgeable regarding the seniors' activation in the context of effective leadership communication. Following research questions for these targets were established: What are the most common problems that nurses deal with regarding the activation in communication in nursing care homes for elderly? What are the possibilities of seniors' activation as prevention of complications in communications in nursing care homes for elderly? What the nurses' skills are regarding seniors' activation in communications in nursing care homes for elderly? Methodology: This Dissertation "Problems of seniors' activation in the context of nursing care communication in nursing care homes for elderly" is composed according to qualitative research method laid out in two parts. The first one, data collection was implemented by depth semi-structured interviews with nurses from nursing care homes for elderly. The exact transcription of the interviews were analysed by open-coding technique, codes were sorted into categories a arise subcategories, arranged into clear diagrams. Covert surveillance method was used as a second part of this research. Those records were entered into the observation chart and then subsequently described. The research took place from 12th February to 20th April 2015. Results: This research shows that all nurses know specific problems of communication with seniors in the context of their care in nursing care homes for elderly, who are also psychologically stressful for them. It also shows that greater number of nurses deemed seniors' activation as activation programs only provided by nursing care homes for elderly. The elderly, according to some senior nurses, are due to deterioration of their mental or physical condition without any activation. Almost all nurses are educated in the seniors' activation and communication by seminars and lectures organized by nursing care homes for elderly which are paid by the employer. All nurses considered their education in activation and communication area as a contribution to increase knowledge and improve nursing care. During this second phase was found that four out of ten nurses performed almost the entire care of the morning hygiene for seniors without their help. Some of the nurses neglected to ask whether seniors would wish to perform their own hygiene without their help. Therefore four nurses do not activate seniors during the morning hygiene and some nurses communicate with seniors inappropriately. Conclusion:We think that nurses should have more education in activation and communication area. Their education will mainly bring theoretical knowledge that helps them to deal with problematic situation in nursing care for elderly. The outcome of this Dissertation was meeting with head nurses from nursing care homes for elderly where we presented our results gained by this research. They promised to consult it with rest of the nurses and to implement other seminar on seniors activation with communication.
|
|
|
Preventing defects of pronunciation by children from socially disadvantaged backgrounds
MRÁZKOVÁ, Iva
Bachelor thesis is focused on prevention of speech defects among to children from socially disadvantaged backgrounds. The work is divided into theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part introduces the reader with socially disadvantaged families, defines the basic concepts of communication, introduce them to the stages of development of children's speech and impaired communication abilities and focuses on dyslalia. Finally, readers familiar with the possibilities of preventing defects of pronunciation. The goal of the practical part is a compilation articulation and breathing exercises for daily work of teachers in the kindergarten and thus show her how to work with children from socially disadvantaged environment, so as to prevent defects pronunciation. The survey is carried out qualitatively, by participating unstructured observation and completed worksheets.
|
|
|
The manipulation of the public through mass media
FLIEGEROVÁ, Lenka
Man is surrounded by mass media on every place. They form his views, attitudes and behavior. Its effects are obvious. It is possible to affect and manipulate person's opinion the way it is wanted. There is a lot of manipulation techniques in common of mass media. These are hidden in different scope, but all of them are purposeful. People are often manipulated without their awareness, they accept what they are told as it is true picture surrounding them. The first part of my thesis is aimed to communication and its types and general mass media press, broadcasting, tv-broadcasting and internet, its development and its legislation. The second one deals with manipulation, persuading, propaganda and manipulation techniques. Selected techniques of every type of media are illustrated on specific example of practice. In the third part there is a treatise of media literacy as an affective means of orientation in the world of media.
|
|
|
The reasons for the devaluation of human medical personnel.
KASALOVÁ, Ivona
This thesis looks into reasons for devaluation of patient by medical staff. Main objective of the paper is to point at risk factors and summarize present knowledge about devaluation in hospitals. Devaluation manner is behavior, which decreases patient personality and his self-confidence, ignores his needs, opinions and requirements. Actually we had three main tasks in this thesis. To find out, if patients are more devaluated by mistakes in direct medical care and more specifically, if they are more often victims of denying taking care about their biological needs and if patients older than 60 years are more frequent devaluated than others. We focused on demarcation of single characteristics and aspects of this well known risk in behavior, mainly occurred by secondary medical staff. Essential knowledge of this topic are in the theoretical part, which assign attainment about devaluation and evaluation from other researches. Exploration survey was done by two methods. First was statistical research, in which medical staff answers about questions in non-standardized questionnaire. Outcome of this survey was making of tables and after their elaboration into column and sector graphs. Second research method was directed structured interview with hospitalized patients. For elaboration was used Q-methodology and answers of respondents were summarized into graphs. We had three hypotheses. H1: Hospitalized patients are more devaluated by mistakes in direct medical care than by badly interpreted communication. H2: If there are mistakes in direct medical care more often is devaluation by denying taking care about biological needs. H3: Devaluation is more problem of patients older than 60 years. Thank to research we know that hospitalized patients are not more devaluated by making mistakes in direct medical care. However if this mistakes appears denying of taking care about patient biological needs is more often type of devaluation. Third and last hypothesis didn't prove that patient older than 60 years are more frequently devaluated than others. Main benefits of this thesis are summary of knowledge about this behavior and deeper look into this problematic. Simultaneously findings that main devaluation in providing direct care is denying taking care about patient biological needs, which formulate in 1943 A. H. Maslow, is crucial. Legacy of this American psychologist is more than recent and shouldn't be ignored in today's medical practice. Overall thesis collects information from different Czech and foreign resources and completely and clearly describes risks and consequences of devaluation.
|
|
|
Communication with the elderly in outpatient settings
JIRSÍKOVÁ, Gabriela
The nurse in your nursing practice more often meets with seniors, and they are also imposed on her specific requirements. They should know the biopsychosocial traits senior population and try to respect them. Special attention occupies communication itself, which becomes the basis intercom process. Communication within the nursing profession requires very specific skills, which are then reflected in the quality of the relationship between the nurse and the elderly not only in inpatient settings, but also in outpatient services. The aim was to explore nurses communication with the elderly in outpatient settings and to detect communication barriers by nurses when communicating with seniors on ambulances. Were chosen following research questions: How seniors perceive nurses communicate with them in outpatient settings? What communication barriers occur between the elderly and nurses in the emergency room? For my research was a qualitative metoda.Technikou data collection was semi-structured interview, containing eight basic questions. The research group consisted of 8 respondents - senior citizens. The research objective of this work is that the quality of nursing care in a clinic is inconceivable without a positive approach to older sisters, without good and good communication between the nurse and the elderly without a professional and friendly communication between doctor and nurse.
|
|
|
Eye Examination in the Ward from the Perspective of Nurses
SUCHÁ, Veronika
In the theoretical part of the thesis we deal with the examination, which is the most widespread in the eye department, both on the inpatient ward and the ambulances that are parts of the ophthalmology department. We deal with the characteristic work of a nurse at the eye department, including nursing diagnoses and problems which nurses may meet in the eye department. As an example, we also mention different types of eye ambulances. In the research part of the thesis we have set two objectives. The first objective was to determine the specifics of nursing care before an examination at the eye department. The second objective was to determine the specifics of nursing care after the examination at the eye department. For these targets we have appropriately chosen two research questions, we have worked with during the process of this thesis. The first research question was, what are the specifics of nursing care before an eye test. The second question was, what are the specifics of nursing care after an eye test. For research inquiries of the thesis, we chose qualitative research. We have prepared semi-structured interview. Our respondents were nurses working at the eye department in a hospital in southern Bohemia and in a hospital in the Highlands and interviews were conducted with their consent. From the questions and answers it was created 6 categorization groups, some of which have subgroups. The research shows that the work of nurses with patients at the eye department has some specifics before and after the eye examination. For the first set goal, what are the specifics of nursing care before examination at the eye department, the responses of the sisters showed that before examination sisters are trying to get information from patients. We claim that this is an anamnesis, although each sister had mentioned something else. All agreed on the question about the glasses worn by the patient, as well as on questions about vision problems and eye surgeries. More than half of the nurses ask a patient about amblyopia and eye injuries. Before the examination sisters pay attention to proper communication with the patient and co-operation with him. They also mentioned communication with a doctor before a procedure. All nurses reported that they use local eye drops on patients or other medications depending on the type of examination and a doctor's prescription. Half of the nurses agreed on the examination of visual acuity at distance and on flushing the eye before the examination. Before the examination, all the sisters are preparing the necessary instruments, to which they ranked eye drops, squares and kidney tray. They did not forget the instrumentation, that all of them must turn on before the examination and sterilize. All the sisters also talks about the environment for the eye examination. In this issue, about preparing the environment for the examination, all replied that the doctor examines a patient in the daylight or in the dark room. The preparation of a patient is different before each examination. A nurse prepares a patient According to the type of examination. For the second goal, what are the specifics of nursing care after the examination in the department, research suggests that, again, nurses spend a great deal of time on communicating with patients. To the issue of communication they put also the techniques of guiding of a patient, and also his accompaniment. They are devoted to assist patients in activities that patients after an examination cannot do themselves. In the greatest degree the nurses perform the prescriptions ordered by the doctor. All nurses agreed that patients should be monitored for an allergic reaction after examination. Half of the nurses monitor the overall condition of the patient after the examination. Each sister disinfects instrumentation for examination at the eye department. All nurses also agreed that after the examination the doctor should inform the patient about the limitations connect
|
|
|
Nurses´and speech therapists´cooperation while treathing clients suffering from aphasia
NEUBAUEROVÁ, Hana
The main part of this thesis is cooperation between a nurse and a speech therapist themselves. The relationship between a nurse and a doctor is very important, communication is a part of the cooperation. The communication between a nurse and a doctor is important in all possible ways written and oral, gestures, facial expression, and body language. Nurses are an important part of the doctor's work. Just few doctors have that in their minds, most of the doctors take the nurses for granted. A nurse contacts the speech therapist via telephone and tells him about the patient with speech disorder and his medical history. A speech therapist put the patient's record into the database and plans their physical examination. At the first session the speech therapist meets the patient and examines him. The biggest issue is that the patient is not able to communicate with the others that is why they often use nonverbal communication or body language. The patient is mostly nervous and aggressive due to the disorder. They do not understand the people around them and cannot express their needs. They realize they cannot speak properly. At this moment a psychologist may join the session. The psychologist talks to the patient and tries to solve their problems that could be depression caused by the communication disorder. The speech therapist prepares materials for the next session. The speech therapist hands in the materials to a nurse. These materials can be worked with the patient and the therapist or the patients and their family or the patients themselves. The aim of the quality research of this thesis was to outline the nurses and the speech therapists cooperation. Two research questions belong to this research. The first question is: What's the cooperation between speech therapists and nurses while taking care of patients suffering from aphasia? The second question is: What are the aids used from improving the quality of communication with the patients suffering from aphasia? For completing the aim we completed a half-structured interview. The interviews were done in the České Budějovice hospital. The research was quality-based, half-structured interviews with nurses. The interview consists of nineteen questions aimed on communication, nursing a patient suffering from aphasia and on the cooperation between a nurse and a speech therapist. The research was authorized by a supernurse and charge nurses at the department. The questions were asked based on the theoretical part of the thesis which was written based on technical literature and the internet. The research was accomplished in June 2015. Five nurses of each department were chosen to make the interview with. Each nurse was interrogated separately. The nurses, who completed the interview, work at one of two departments in the České Budějovice hospital. Those departments are neurosurgical and physical therapy. These nurses often come across with speech therapists and patients who suffer from aphasia, which is why the nurses have to cooperate with the speech therapists. The age of the nurses, who became a part of the practical part of this thesis, is between 35 and 51 years old.
|
|
|
The influence of nurses communication skill in the patient care at Department of internal medicine.
RŮŽIČKOVÁ, Zuzana
The Internal Medicine Department (IMD) is servicing a wide spectrum of clients. Communication with this type of clients is putting high demand on nurses in the area of communication competencies. My diploma exam is focusing on this subject and is targeted to map the issues of mutual communication between nurses and their clients and point out the frequent errors which the nurses are making. The diploma exam is divided in two sections. The first section is purely theoretic and is focused on communication as such, communication barriers and communication competencies of the nurses. It analysis how the type of the patient´s ilnesses influences formation of communication barriers between the nurses and patients. My main effort in this section was to present summarised information concerning the problems of communication, provide description of the IMD, describe a profile of the nurse and define the types of ilnesses that are most often treated at the IMD. The second section of my diploma exam is describing the results of my qualitative research which I conducted. I have set three objectives for my research. The first objective did focus on communication competencies of nurses in the communication with the patients treated at the IMD. The target of my second objective was to establish how the seriousness of the patient´s illness influences the communication between nurses and patients. The third objective was focused to establish recommended improvements in the communication between nurses and patients, based on the research outcomes. To achieve the targeted results, I have created three research focused questions based on my pre-set objectives. I have used two types of methods of qualitative research to acquire and evaluate the desired data a structured interview and observation. The research sample consisted of two groups of respondents. The first group was represented by four health nurses working in the department selected South Bohemian hospitals. The second group was represented Eight patients who at the time of the research were hospitalized in the internal medicine department. The structure of observation of the behavior of one nurse in relation to two patients allowed me to define the divergencies of the nurse´s behavior in relation to different types of patients. Following the observation I have conducted a targeted interview with the concerned patients. I have collected the data at the IMDs in the hospital in Pisek and České Budejovice during the period from February 2014 to March 2014. The results of my research have been thoroughly analysed. To analyse the data I have applied the method of coding. The core results of the research have been summarised in tables and graphs. The results of the research questions and answers are allowing to determine following four hypothesis. The first hypothesis says: the communication competence of nurses consists of verbal and non-verbal communication. The second hypthesis says: the communication of nurses with patients is influenced by the frequency and the duration of the admission of the patients. The third hypothesis says: effects influencing the communication between the nurse and the patient include noise and co-patient sharing the room. The fourth hypothesis says: the nurse´s behavior is not influenced by the seriousness of the illness of the patient. The results of my research are highlighting the effects occuring in the mutual communication between the nurses and patients. The outcome of this diploma exam enables application of useful communication techniques in the daily contact of the nurses with the patients during their admission. Those techniques are supposed to improve and increase the efficency of the mutual communication between nurses and patients.
|
guest ::
