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Clinical reality - nutritional screening and nutritional status.
Mikhaylova, Olga ; Meisnerová, Eva (advisor) ; Vágnerová, Tereza (referee)
(v AJ) Malnutrition is serious problem, increases patient morbidity and mortality. It is important to find patients at risk of malnutrition in time to start nutritional support. Nutritional screening should be clear, simple and easy to find as many individuals as possible at risk of malnutrition. Current nutritional screenings - NRS 2002, MUST, MNA that we use in clinical practice fail. The topic of my bachelor thesis is the evaluation of nutritional screening on the internal separation of unselected internal income. The aim of my bachelor thesis was to evaluate nutritional screening of NRS 2002 recommended for nutritional screening of adult patients in ESPEN guidelines and new GLIM criteria for diagnosis of malnutrition. In the theoretical part the thesis deals with the issue of malnutrition. It focuses on the causes and mechanisms of formation, consequences and diagnosis of malnutrition. Existing nutritional screening, its structure, use in practice and results of studies comparing its effectiveness are described in more detail. The pivotal point of the theoretical part is the introduction of the new GLIM criteria for the diagnosis of malnutrition from 2018. The practical part deals with the main objective of which is to compare the results of the evaluation of nutritional status of hospitalized...
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Micronutrients in home parenteral nutrition
Petříčková, Dagmar ; Meisnerová, Eva (advisor) ; Čapková, Radka (referee)
The topic of the diploma thesis is micronutrients at home parenteral nutrition. In the theoretical part, parenteral nutrition is analyzed, including advantages and disadvantages, indications and contraindications. Intestinal failure is described as the most basic indication for the introduction of long-term / home parenteral nutrition. Following is the characterization and classification of micronutrients and a description of the consequences of their deficiency or surplus. Micronutrients are particularly important as cofactors and coenzymes in enzymatic reactions that would not be possible without them. The key question is whether the plasma levels show the actual state of the stock of the micronutrient in the organism, if the drop in most of the micronutrients that we find in patients reflects the actual deficiency to be substituted, or whether this decrease is an expression of their shift to other segments, the severity of the health condition. In the practical part of the diploma thesis are evaluated the levels of selected micronutrients (vitamin D, vitamin B12, folic acid, iron) in the group of patients with indication of home parenteral nutrition. The evaluation was based on laboratory analysis of patients' results. Key words: Parenteral nutrition, micronutrients, deficiency, surplus
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Eating habits of health care professionals
Bičianová, Michaela ; Meisnerová, Eva (advisor) ; Vágnerová, Tereza (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with eating habits of nutrition therapists and nurses and with influence of shift work on boarding of nurses. It also dedicates to risks of eating disorders in both groups. It consists of two parts. In the theoretical part are described principles of healthy eating, issues of shift work and characteristic of eating disorders. The practical part uses the questionnaire to find out how the dietary habits of nutrition therapists and nurses differ. The aim is to find out whether nutrition therapists eat better than nurses on the basis of their education, and how shift work affects boarding of nurses. The results are processed into graphs and tables. The results show that general nutritional recommendations follow more nutrition therapists than nurses. Furthermore the questionnaire shows that more than 50% of nurses eats irregularly and the main reason for skipping meals during the night shift is lack of time. It has also been found that a large percentage of nutrition therapists have begun to study their field to get more information about nutrition. It has been confirmed that both nutrition therapists and nurses are in risk group for eating disorders. keywords: eating habits, nutrition, dietary recommendations, nutritional therapy, nurses, eating disorders
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Issues relating to lactose intolerance
Dolanská, Pavla ; Humlová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Meisnerová, Eva (referee)
This bachelor's thesis deals with issues relating to lactose intolerance and examines its influence on the quality of life of patients suffering from it. The thesis is divided into two parts. Theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part is divided into two parts. The first part deals with issues relating to lactose intolerance. The lactose intolerance is characterized on the basis of epidemiological data, its causes, the impact of genetics on its occurrence, pathophysiology, possible complications and clinical manifestations. An integral part of the thesis are methods used for its diagnosis and the possibilities of its therapy. The second part of the thesis focuses on nutritional recommendations associated with lactose intolerance. The main aim of the practical part is to map the relationship of adult patients to lactose intolerance. To find out, according to which method lactose intolerance has been diagnosed to the patients, which diagnostic method is the most common one, what is the most common time interval from patients' subjective problems to diagnosis, and how patients perceive the quality of their lives with the bounds of nutritional measures relating to lactose intolerance. The data obtained through the questionnaire survey show that the respondents do not perceive lactose...
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Adolescent awarness about eating disorders
Cmíralová, Rebeka ; Meisnerová, Eva (advisor) ; Slabá, Šárka (referee)
This bachelor thesis describes and discusses eating disorders. Specifically, it focuses on adolescents as this age is among the key risk factors. The thesis is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. The theoretical part describes eating disorders and focuses on the two most common diseases: mental anorexia and mental bulimia. It describes the main risk factors, possible health complications and methods of treatment. It also describes the elements of primary prevention targeted at children and youths and the options for their use. The practical part presents results of a quantitative research, which took place among students in elementary and secondary schools. The aim of the thesis is to identify what 12 to16 year old students think about the "cult of thinness" and how important to them is a slim figure. It examines the eating habits and the awareness about the risks of mental anorexia or mental bulimia. Based on the results of this research, a draft of an educational leaflet was created, which might be used in a further awareness raising work among children. Key words: eating disorders, mental anorexia, mantal bulimia, adolescence, prevention
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The role of Nutritional Therapist in Education of Patients with Enteral Feeding Tubes
Dvořáková, Martina ; Meisnerová, Eva (advisor) ; Novotný, Aleš (referee)
Enteral nutrition is the only way for many patients to ensure a sufficient supply of nutrients. The bachelor thesis describes the indications as well as the contraindication of enteral nutrition. The chapter on composition of individual nutrition and possible application techniques is also included. I mention the possible complications associated with enteral nutrition, too. The greater part is then devoted to percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG). Enteral nutrition is for many patients only possibility how to survive. During my long practice on the gastroenterology clinic, I have found that there is insufficient educational material for patients with established PEG who are leaving home. Educating these patients how to apply enteral nutrition at home and take care of the probe is in our facility in the competence of a nutritional therapist because of the workload of nurses and their little experience with PEG. The aim of the empirical part was to create a clear educational material for patients, but also for the lower PEG care staff. Keyword: enteral nutrition, tube, percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy
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Nutrition in Geriatric Palliative Care
Vodičková, Věra ; Meisnerová, Eva (advisor) ; Závadová, Irena (referee)
- 1 - Abstract Geriatric palliative care integrates two medical disciplines, namely geriatrics, focused on the diagnosis and treatment of diseases specific to the elderly, and palliative care, which is a comprehensive, active and qualified approach aimed at improving the quality of life of patients and their families in a situation where they suffer life-threatening illnesses. Palliative care is realized through multidisciplinary teams and a nutrition specialist is one of the most important specialization in the care of frail geriatric patients, even though its position in teams is still not firmly established. This work is dedicated to nutrition specialists, aims to introduce them into the issue of geriatric palliative care and to help them with a complex perception of the patients and the application of a palliative approach into nutritional care. It also deals in detail with anorexia and dysphagia, two of the frequent and major symptoms that we encounter in frail geriatric patients. The nutrition specialists can best try to solve these problems. The work should also help other professionals who are involved in providing palliative care, understanding the role of nutrition specialist and its effective use to improve the quality of patient's life. The empirical part describes a case report of almost one...
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Dietary interventions in liver disease
Holcová, Zuzana ; Novák, František (advisor) ; Meisnerová, Eva (referee)
Master thesis summarizes latest knowledge in the field of special nutrition for patients with liver condition. Theoretical chapters describe liver physiology and etiology of selected liver diseases e.g. hepatitis, cirrhosis, chemical-driven liver damage. Given the fact the main cause of chronic liver disease is globally considered alcohol, a special chapter is dedicated to this topic which describes pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease, the effect of chronic alcohol consumption on hepatocytes and other non-parenchymal liver cells. The thesis provides a comprehensive view on the issue of malnutrition and nutrition recommendations in specific liver disease. Practical part of the thesis involved complex questioning of healthcare providers - doctors and nurses - from selected hospital and presents overview of healthcare providers knowledge regarding latest nutrition recommendations in specific liver disease. Key words: liver damage, malnutrition, alcohol, nutrition, diet, cirrhosis, liver physiology
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Influence of nutritional measures on ulcerative colitis
Guznar, Jan ; Meisnerová, Eva (advisor) ; Hrabák, Pavel (referee)
Diploma thesis The influence of nutritional measures on the course of ulcerative colitis deals with the influence of dietary habits on the course of ulcerative colitis (especially probiotic foods), namely impact on relapses of the disease. The theoretical part is divided into two parts. The first part describes ulcerative colitis, from definition to treatment. The second part deals with the intestinal microbiome and the factors that affect it, with an emphasis on the influence of food. The semi-structured interview method based on the questionnaire was used to elaborate the practical part. The research group consisted of respondents with ulcerative colitis who were in remission and relapse. A questionnaire was filled with respondents, which consisted of questions about the course of the disease and a frequency questionnaire targeting different groups of foods. The established eating habits were compared to each other among the respondents, given the frequency of relapse of their illnesses. Research has shown that only fermented dairy products are related to relapse rate and retention of remission. For foods that contain fiber that also modulates the intestinal microbe, the relationship between food consumption and relapse has not been proven. Also, the relationship between consumption of fatty...
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The food intake comparison of the patients with the metabolic syndrome with or without hepatosteatosis/steatohepatitis
Štičková, Zdeňka ; Macášek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Meisnerová, Eva (referee)
Introduction: The aim of this bachelor thesis is to compare the food intake in patients with metabolic syndrome who also have Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) or Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatis (NASH). The main focus of this thesis is to observe the differences in eating habits of three different groups of patients. The first group is made up of patients with metabolic syndrome with liver steatosis (NAFLD), this group also includes two patients with metabolic syndrome without steatosis. The second group are patients with steatohepatitis (NASH). The third group are patients with normal BMI as well as obese people without any metabolic disease. The thesis is divided into two parts - theoretical and practical. The theoretical part covers the definition, causes, individual constituents, complications, prevention and therapy of the metabolic syndrome, steatosis and steatohepatitis. The practical part evaluates the diet and the eating habits of people with metabolic syndrome and the differences between patients with and without steatohepatitis. Methods: Quantitative research using questionnaires. The research group were patients from the lipid and hepatological outpatient department of the IV. Internal clinic of the General Faculty hospital in Prague. The critical discussion compares the results...
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