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The Comparison of Concept of Democracy in the Work of Jean Jacques Rousseau and Hans Kelsen
Habrová, Klára ; Šimsa, Martin (advisor) ; Franěk, Jakub (referee)
The main goal of this paper is to compare Hanse Kelsen and Jean-Jacques Rousseau's concepts of democracy and to establish common features in their works. Attention is also drawn to the connection between Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Kelsen's writings. In order to determine this connection, the author of this paper examined fthe ollowing works of the above mentioned Of The Social Contract, Or Principles of Political Right and Discourse on the Origin and Basis of Inequality Among Men by Jean-Jacques Rousseau and O podstatě a hodnotě demokracie by Hanse Kelsen. Afterwards, the author's aim was to take a critical look at the two writer's works. She based her critical examination of Jean-Jacque Russeau on the writings of Božena Komárková, Jürgen Habermas and Charles Taylor and drew from Carl Schmitt's work to analyse Hanse Kelsen. To be able to critically appraise these authors as well, it was necessary to study other areas than democracy. For example, the author studied the topic of human rights as seen by Božena Komárková. The main part of this paper primarily deals with different concepts of democracy as the above mentioned authors have described. Individual works are examined in detail and the author tries to find common features in the concept of democracy as seen by Kelsen and Rousseau. Finally, the...
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Global Dimension of Rawls' Theory of Justice
Ottingerová, Lucie ; Šimsa, Martin (advisor) ; Kučera, Jan (referee)
This thesis is concerned with mapping one of the most topical discussions in the field of modern political philosophy, namely the contention about the existence, nature and extent of justice in the era of a highly globalised world. However, the clash about the existence of global justice, hitherto referred to as the clash between cosmopolitans and internationalists, is not viewed in its entirety. More specifically, this thesis aspires to make an introduction into the debate against the background of one of the most influential philosophical works of the 20th century which has significantly contributed to the delimitation of the term "justice"- Theory of Justice by John Rawls. This book incited joyful reaction from a number of cosmopolitan theorists, including most notably Charles Beitz and Thomas Pogge, who perceived it as a clear attempt at extending traditionally liberal ideals and precepts beyond the scope of nation states. The difference principle in particular caught their attention as it represented a suitable way of facilitating the ideal of social justice at global level. Nonetheless, Rawls himself rejected cosmopolitan claims. As this thesis aspires to fully comprehend the reasons that led him to such a step, it will be necessary to introduce Rawls' political philosophy in its entirety,...
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The Globalization and the Cosmopolitan Theory of Democracy
Vařeková, Petra ; Šimsa, Martin (advisor) ; Franěk, Jakub (referee)
This thesis is concerned with possibility of a cosmopolitan approach to democracy in the world changed by processes of globalization. The issue of globalization is analyzed from the perspective of three contemporary sociologists - Ulrich Beck, Anthony Giddens and Jan Keller. It will be shown in which way economic, cultural and political globalization changes rules of world politics. A modern concept of democracy traditionally assumed the nation-state framework, however nation-states are no longer able to react adequately to the global dimension of contemporary world issues. This fact allows thesis to open up a concept of cosmopolitanism that has ambitions to expand democratic governance at the global level. First this thesis will introduce Kant's cosmopolitan proposition of international legal order - a voluntary league of states. According to Kant, a perpetual peace can be achieved through realization of three spheres of public law: constitutional law, international law and cosmopolitan law. Many authors responded to Kant's position, each of them in a quite different way. In The Law of Peoples John Rawls proposes a political conception of right and justice that applies strictly to the principles and norms of international law. On the other hand, cosmopolitan authors like David Held and Daniele Archibugi...
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Influence of Protestantism on democracy in the USA
Legát, Filip ; Kučera, Rudolf (advisor) ; Šimsa, Martin (referee)
The Bachelor thesis "The influence of Protestantism on democracy in the USA" focuses on forms and development of the relationship between politics and Protestantism in the American territory. This thesis identifies the investigated confession with emphasis on North American forms. In preceding Republican era the Puritan faith is presented not only as the determinant of politics, but also as the source of its legitimacy. In the chapter dedicated to the establishment of the United States the measure of the protestantism influence on foundations and building is researched. From this point of view the key Documents of the Declaration of Independence and Constitution, also the comments of their creators are analysed. Significant space is provided to American understanding of natural rights and its religious dimension. In conclusion, the thesis aims at particular themes of contradictory Bible interpretations and their political consequences. Implication of these different approaches are presented on the conflict between abolitionists and the slavery's defenders and also on the conflict about educating evolution on schools leaded by the fundamentalists and liberals. The thesis in its progress focuses on the impact of Protestantism in many crucial moments of American democracy.
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Richard Rorty's Political Liberalism, its Philosophical Basis and Relevant Polemics
Munzar, Tomáš ; Kučera, Jan (advisor) ; Šimsa, Martin (referee)
This thesis describes Richard Rorty's view of postmetaphysical political liberalism. After briefly introducing the author, the text deals with his opinions on truth and role of philosophy as they were stated in Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature and which form the foundations for his subsequent views. Further, the thesis addresses Rorty's Contingency, Irony, Solidarity and attempts to present the parts relevant to its topic. In the last part, several selected topics are discussed in broader context and an attempt is made to compare Rorty's texts with those of other authors. These selected topics are Rorty's public-private distinction, postmetaphysical liberalism, relativism and ethnocentrism.
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Political philosophy of Lord Acton and its influence on the political thought of 20th century
Virdzek, Andrej ; Charvát, Jan (advisor) ; Šimsa, Martin (referee)
The Bachelor thesis presented here is concerned with the political philosophy of British historian Lord Acton and its influence on the political thought of 20th century. The aim of the thesis was to present Actons political thought in the environment of 19th century Britain and to show its influence on the political thought of 20th century. Actons political philosophy was concerned with many problems of Victorian age and his philosophy deals with many contemporary and historical issues. Because of this, I had to put emphasis only on some aspects of Actons political thought. Mainly on the theoretical fusion of Catholicism and Liberalism. The thesis is divided into three parts: In the first part I present Actons conception of liberty. Through the term of liberty I try to show the basis of his liberal philosophy. Every attempt to systematize Actons philosophy must start mainly with this term of liberty, because it was central in his thinking. Also his understanding of the word liberty is one of the things that distinguishes Acton from other thinkers, because it implicitly contains main premises of ethical teachings of the church. The second part talks mainly about Actons evaluation of the French revolution. I find this historical event very interesting and indespensable in the way that it presents to us how...
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Rousseau and his Influence on the French Revolution
Pravda, Petr ; Znoj, Milan (advisor) ; Šimsa, Martin (referee)
The "rigorózní" thesis focuses on the evaluation of Rousseau's legacy. It is based on the confrontation of two adverse pictures of his ideas. The first image sees Rousseau as a thinker who prepared with his original concepts fertile ground for diverse undemocratic regimes and ideologies. These always declare their allegiance to the loftiest ideals but only to perpetrate the biggest crimes and to deprive people of their liberty. The second image sees in Rousseau an uncompromising critic of social injustice who saw the only possibility for redemption in liberty and equality. In this case he was one of the most important thinkers who inspired people on the road to the victory of democracy and an author whose original ideas still keep to inspire and to fascinate. I argue in favor of the second picture. Rousseau's critique of the moral crisis is based on the disunity of modern social man. This disunity stems from the incessant conflict between our natural nature and the social state. Rousseau saw the only solution in the adaptation of the original nature to the new social state. This can be achieved only through an affective bond to a political whole. Just so can man keep his liberty which represents the basic value of his existence. In society it is no more a case of absolute freedom but of conscious obedience...
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Community in Aristotle's Politics in the context of the European integration process
Pimper, Lukáš ; Kučera, Rudolf (advisor) ; Šimsa, Martin (referee)
Diploma thesis "Community in Aristotle's Politics in the context of the European integration process" is a structural comparative analysis of Aristotle's political community concept and the European integration process. The aim of this work is to point out the similarities between the developments of the European Communities from the economical ones to setting up common political goals with Aristotelian development of community from the ones for general purpose to the best one, which is polis. In using the analysis of the decision procedures of different institutions, two main conclusions were revealed. At first place, even if the European Union is not in the position to be called a natural political community in the terms of Aristotle, it has clear aim to become that one. Secondly, I revealed that the political constitution of European Union is the constitutional oligarchy. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Certified Methodology for Documentation of Men´s Garments as Parts of Trousers, Coat and Shirt Dress
Šimša, Martin
The goal of the methodology is to create a system of documentation that enables an adequate, accurate and mainly unified description of garments, based on which it will be possible to compare the garments and to distinguish their possible variants. The methodology is based on the identification of unique properties of particular groups of folk clothing which were found out through an analysis of cut constructions of garments in collections of Czech and Moravian museums. For each group, a set of identification elements is suggested which features a list of constructional variants thanks to which each garment can be described and assigned to a corresponding type of garments. The methodology of research, documentation and identification of men´s folk garments is intended especially for curators of museum collections, researchers and all those interested in folk dress.
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