|
|
The effect of methylviologen on secondary metabolites production in in vitro culture of Fagopyrum esculentum, variety Bambi
Vlachová, Veronika ; Tůmová, Lenka (advisor) ; Karlíčková, Jana (referee)
10 ABSTRACT The subject of this study was to evaluate the efect of abiotc elicitor on rutn producton in callus and suspension cultures of buckwheat. The cultvar of buckwheat used for this research was Fagopyrum esculentum Moench var. Bambi, cultvated in Murashige and Skoog nutrient medium with the additon of growth regulator 2,4-dichlorfenoxyacetc acid (2,4-D) in concentraton of 1 mg/l. The elicitor used in this study was a soluton of methylviologen, 1 ml of it was added to the cultures in three diferent concentratons: c1 = 100.0 mg/100 ml, c2 = 10.0 mg/100 ml and c3 = 1.0 mg/100 ml. The elicitor was afectng the cultures for 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 or 168 hours. Afer the defned period of tme, cultures were collected, dried out and stored for further analysis of rutn content. To control samples (without elicitor treatment) 1 ml of ethanol 96% was added and they were collected afer 6, 24, 72 or 168 hours. Releasing of rutn into the nutrient medium was also investgated. Rutn content in each sample of cultures and in each sample of nutrient medium was later determined by HPLC. Any signifcant increase in the producton of rutn was not observed in this study. The maximum amount of rutn detected was 0.1 mg/g DW, thus the lowest quantty detectable, and was found in suspension cultures in three cases, afer the additon of...
|
|
|
A study of directly compressible tableting materials and matrix tablets with polyvinyl alcohol.
Vildová, Lucie ; Mužíková, Jitka (advisor) ; Ondrejček, Pavel (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department: Pharmaceutical Technology Student: Lucie Vildová Consultant: PharmDr. Jitka Mužíková, Ph.D. Title of the Diploma Thesis A study of directly compressible tableting materials and matrix tablets with polyvinyl alcohol This work evaluates and compares the properties of directly compressible tableting materials and matrix tablets containing the combination of α-lactose monohydrate and microcrystalline cellulose in the ratio of 3:1 in a physical mixture and in a coprocessed dry binder. Polyvinyl alcohol is used as the retarding agent at the concentrations of 30, 40 and 50 %. Tested parameters are compressibility, tensile strength of tablets and the rate of drug release from tablets. Compressibility is evaluated by means of the energy profile of the compression process. Dissolution testing is performed using rotating basket method. The values of total energy of compression, plasticity and tensile strength of the tablets were higher in the tableting materials with the coprocessed dry binder. Increasing additions of polyvinyl alcohol decreased the values of total energy of compression, plasticity, tensile strength of tablets and drug release rate. The dissolution behavior of tablets, which contained physical mixture or coprocessed dry...
|
|
|
Modification of antibody fragments and their radiolabeling by unconventional positron emitters and biological testing for PET diagnostics
Čepa, Adam ; Lázníček, Milan (advisor) ; Komárek, Pavel (referee) ; Melichar, František (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Department of Pharmacology and Toxycology Candidate Adam Cepa, MSc. Supervisor Prof. PharmDr. Ing. Milan Laznicek, CSc. Title of Doctoral Thesis Modification of antibody fragments and their radiolabeling by unconventional positron emitters and biological testing for PET diagnostics Special oncology diagnostics require new types of selective radiopharmaceuticals, especially those that are suitable for molecular PET imaging and therapy, respectively, teranostics. The aim of this work is to present a new target radiopharmaceutical for immunoPET diagnosis and therapy based on the monoclonal antibody IgG M75 directed to human carbonic anhydrase IX, nimotuzumab (hR3) target epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and one of the bombesin derivatives (BBN) repeats. These molecules were labeled with radionuclides 64Cu (t1/2 12.70 hours), 61Cu (t1/2 3.33 hours), 68Ga (t1/2 68 min), 177Lu (t1/2 6.71 days). These potential radiopharmaceuticals were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The IgG M75 antibody and its scFv-Fc M75 fragment were prepared by the genetic modification were conjugated to a specific chelator specific phosphinate (PHS) and radiolabeled by the radionuclides 61,64Cu. The stability of the labeled conjugate was tested in human...
|
|
|
Mice and Rats: Space, Smell and Methods of Detection
Kaftanová, Barbora
The coexistence of humans and rodents lasts from the beginnings of the history of agriculture. Many rodent populations accepted to synanthropic way of life and as commensals accompany human societies until today. In the first study we wanted to find out, how the evolution of non-commensal rodent species, a Cypriot mouse (Mus cypriacus), was influenced by people. This endemic island species evolved on the Cyprus Island without presence of any mammalian competitors or predators. In last 10.000 years humans arrived on the island, bringing several mammalian species, which affected the environment markedly. A black rat (Rattus rattus) is now dominant species there and presumably it is an important competitor for the Cypriot mouse. We supposed that the mice should avoid its odour. Nevertheless the rats odour was preferred by the mouse, probably as an odour of phylogenetically related species. On the contraty, the odour of domestic cat (species, which is also widespread on the island), was avoided. In conclusion, the long-term isolation from mammalian predators did not affect the antipredatory reactions of the Cypriot mouse. Our next study was focuse on changes in behavioural strategies of different populations of mice: the main question was how the commensal way of life affects their exploratory...
|
|
|
Line-up in criminal proceedings
Rešlová, Anna ; Pelc, Vladimír (advisor) ; Galovcová, Ingrid (referee)
Line - up in criminal proceedings Abstract This rigorous thesis deals with the topic of a police line-up in the context of criminal law, which is closely specified in the Section 104, subsection b) of Act No. 141/1961 Coll., On Criminal Procedure (Criminal Procedure Code). This thesis looks at the police line-up from the perspective of the criminal law as well as the investigation perspective, plus it points out several psychological aspects of this procedural act, namely the memory tracks. The goal of this rigorous thesis is to provide critical analysis of the current status of the police line-up from the statutory provisions point of view, as well as from the perspective of the correctness and efficiency of the procedures in place. The aim is to answer the question whether the de lege lata regulation meets the requirements of modern criminal procedural law. The first part of this thesis focuses on the police line-up as a special form of identification, including the issue of memory tracks including its unique features. Further, it covers understanding of the police line-up from the criminal law perspective, meaning it deals with the term "line-up" as such and with the historical development of this procedural act, including summary of several theoretical definitions that are the most often represented in...
|
|
|
Identification of hereditary alterations predisposing to breast cancer development using "next-gen" sequencing
Lhota, Filip
Summary: Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequent cancer type in female population of Europe. Approximately 5 - 10 % accounts for its hereditary form which is characterized by high penetrance, early onset, risen recurrence risk and development of other cancers. Mutational analyses of high risk patients identify a predisposing mutation in one of the most studied genes (BRCA1, BRCA2, TP53, ATM, CHEK2, NBS1, PALB2) only in less than one third of tested breast cancer patients. Lately, with the use of new methods of next-generation sequencing, a number of other susceptibility or candidate genes were characterized, but the incidence of their pathogenic alteration is often geographically different. A notable proportion of high risk patients from families with hereditary BC can represent carriers of population-specific, or private mutations. Most of the to date identified BC susceptibility genes codes for proteins involved in DNA repair, especially repair of double strand break DNA repair. Nevertheless the mutation analysis was conducted only on a small fraction of these DNA repair genes. We can expect that in the group of yet nontested genes coding for DNA repair proteins a rare, but clinically important genetic alterations predisposing to BC in affected families can be discovered. This work describes a...
|
|
|
The morphology and activity of selected avalanche paths in the Hrubý Jeseník Mts. and the Králický Sněžník Mts.
Krause, David
The occurrence of avalanche paths is usually frequent in alpine environment, but it is also present in mid-mountains such as the High Sudetes. The submitted master thesis is focused on avalanche paths in the Eastern High Sudetes. The morphometric analysis of 8 paths was accomplished to determine their characteristics and comparison with statistical verification. The dendrogeomorphological analysis and further geomorphological mapping was performed in 2 selected paths (Sněžná kotlina and Králický Sněžník) to cover their avalanche activity frequency and to find relationship between their activity and morphology. The results of this study show that there is a strong difference between two groups of avalanche paths in the Eastern High Sudetes. The Sněžná kotlina and The Králický Sněžník avalanche paths are longer and narrower than the other paths. They also have higher elevation difference. The comparison of these two paths performed by dendrogeomorphology indicates higher avalanche activity frequency in the Sněžná kotlina path, which was strengthened after strong avalanche event in 2004. It is assumed that the Sněžná kotlina path contains advanced avalanche landform, which is a long gully, probably also affected by debris- flows in the past. On the other hand the Králický Sněžník path is rather less...
|
|
|
Influence of bird schistosome Trichobilharzia regenti on haemocyte activity of lymnaeid snails
Skála, Vladimír
Gastropod molluscs are naturally exposed to various pathogens such as bacteria, or multicellular parasites that include digenetic trematodes (digeneans) which develop in snails. To combat these pathogens gastropods have evolved a sophisticated internal defence system that is composed of humoral and cellular arms. Lectins are probably the most important humoral components, whereas haemocytes represent the main effector cells. Immunity is one of the important factors determining compatibility/non-compatibility of gastropods and pathogens (particularly snails and trematodes). The introductory part of this thesis includes a review of literature focused on the components of the gastropod immune system and their reactions against pathogens represented by bacteria and digeneans. Additionally, selected immunomodulations caused by compatible digenean species are reviewed. Experimental work (presented in publications) focused mainly on the influence of the bird schistosome Trichobilharzia regenti on haemocyte activities of two lymnaeid snail species, Radix lagotis and Lymnaea stagnalis that are susceptible or refractory to the parasite, respectively. This schistosome parasite causes neuromotor disorders in specific definitive hosts (waterfowl), but it also causes cercarial dermatitis in accidental hosts...
|
|
|
Transgene silencing in potato plants and tobacco cell line BY-2
Tyč, Dimitrij
Accidental discovery of RNA interference in plants a few decades ago and its description by Fire et al. (1998) brought a real revolution in molecular biology and in many other branches of biology. Researchers have uncovered a large and unexpected mechanism of regulation of gene expression at many levels in almost all studied eukaryotes. The first studies have revealed silencing of both exogenous and endogenous genes in plants. So, it soon became clear that this process serves to organisms not only in the defense against viruses, but also against mobile genetic elements as well as in modulation of expression own genes. The key role in all RNAi mechanisms is played by dsRNA that is processed into small RNAs. In association with a number of other proteins, small RNAs can direct either cleavage of complementary or nearly complementary mRNAs or block their translation in the process of posttranscriptional gene silencing (PTGS). Additionaly, sRNAs can affect gene expression at transcriptional level via modifying DNA in a process called RNA dependent DNA methylation (RdDM). In plant transformation, RNAi cause variability amongst transgene lines and instability in the expression of introduced genes, which complicates the use of transgenic lines, because many biotechnological approaches require a defined...
|
|
|
Membrane fluidization by alcohols inhibits DesK-DesR signalling in Bacillus subtilis
Vaňousová, Kateřina ; Mikušová, Gabriela (referee)
After cold shock, the Bacillus subtilis desaturase Des introduces double bonds into the fatty acids of existing membrane phospholipids. The synthesis of Des is regulated exclusively by the two-component system DesK/DesR; DesK serves as a sensor of the state of the membrane and triggers Des synthesis after a decrease in membrane fluidity. The aim of our work is to investigate the biophysical changes in the membrane that are able to affect the DesK signalling state. Using linear alcohols (ethanol, propanol, butanol, hexanol, octanol) and benzyl alcohol, we were able to suppress Des synthesis after a temperature downshift. The changes in the biophysical properties of the membrane caused by alcohol addition were followed using membrane fluorescent probes and differential scanning calorimetry. We found that the membrane fluidization induced by alcohols was reflected in an increased hydration at the lipid-water interface. This is associated with a decrease in DesK activity. The addition of alcohol mimics a temperature increase, which can be measured isothermically by fluorescence anisotropy. The effect of alcohols on the membrane periphery is in line with the concept of the mechanism by which two hydrophilic motifs located at opposite ends of the transmembrane region of DesK, which work as a molecular...
|
guest ::
RSS feed.