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Melancholic souls. Social dysfunction and social phobias in Czech literature at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries
Řezníková, Lenka
This study deals with the presentation of social dysfunction in 1890s Czech Decadent literature. At a time when other literary movements were highlighting mass society and crowd behaviour as a topos, neo-Romantic, Decadent and Symbolist literature was reflecting extreme forms of individualism. The staging of pathological anxieties here became part of a broad contemporary debate over the relationship between individualism and a modernising, consumerist, conformist and manipulable society, which was also subject of contemporary psychology under various headings during and especially at the end of the 19th century. Pathological individualism was not presented in neo-Romantic, Decadent and Symbolist literature either as something people are obliged to choose, or as a goal of emancipatory endeavours, but as a condition to which some individuals are “condemned” as a result of uncontrollable, e.g. genetic, factors.
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Literary work at the Jesuit academy in Olomouc in the years 1597-1598 and its reflection in print production
Vaculínová, Marta
In the years 1597–1598, a large increase in Latin prints, especially poetry, can be observed in Olomouc’s printed production. Their authors are mostly connected with the Jesuit Academy in Olomouc. Researchers have noticed this strange phenomenon in the past, but it has not yet been satisfactorily explained. The article aims to find out the cause of this unusual „creative wave“. It is most probably due to a hitherto unknown personality, about whom we know more thanks to the research of Polish researchers – the Jesuit professor of poetry Johann Clingerius from Thuringia (1557?–1610), who taught at the Jesuit Academy during that period. On his initiative and with the support of Bishop Stanislav Pavlovský, more than thirty poetry prints were published by Jiří Handl and the heirs of Friedrich Milichthaler. Clingerius published his poems anonymously, under pseudonyms or under the names of others. He did not only profile himself as a poet, mastered graphic techniques and influenced the decoration of Olomouc prints. In addition, the appendix contains a bibliography of Latin poetry publications between 1597–1598.
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„A Tragedy Turned Upside Down”: Amateur Operetta ant Its Place in Folk Entertainment
Čadková, Daniela
Organizing amateur parodical operettas or musical farces was a regular part of social entertainment, special evenings, amateur performances and carnivals and New Year’s Eve parties in the second of half of the 19th century. We use the example of the Edip král (parody of Sophocles Oedipus Rex) to demonstrate the popularity of this genre including its specific traits, scenographic practices and parodical processes.
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Author and code
Kreuzzieger, Milan
Chapter is based on the assumption that each historical period is related to a particular stage of technological development, and to a specific means of visual representation. From this perspective it looks at how media relate to the concept of the author, and at the need for a new understanding of the artist’s role, including shifts in the definitions of art and our uderstanding of an artwork. Art projects by Federico Díaz and Jakub Jansa are presented as examples.
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Technology, Autonomy, and Ethics: to the Centennial of Čapek’s Drama R. U. R.
Drozenová, Wendy
Čapek’s drama R.U.R, which is rather a social dystopia than a science fiction (the principle of functioning of robots is not suggested, the drama is focused on the impact on humanity), shows the double face of technology: The dream about the “liberation of work” easily takes a turn for its opposite, and for destruction of humanity in consequence of ruthless utilization of the technological achievement for selfish economical and militaristic interests. „Autonomous technology“, which is not controlled by human aims any more, but by the rules of its own development, became an important subject of philosophy and ethics of technology (e.g. in works by L. Winner, J. Ellul, H. Jonas), and has a warning effect. Today, Industry 4.0 and the process of robotization bring new promises, but also new problems. The legacy of Karel Čapek includes values of humanism and understanding for other people’s views and needs, which is valuable for developing ethics of technology in democratic society.
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New informations about Czech mediaeval monasteries
Sommer, Petr
Historical, archaeological research and studies in the history of arts, which are in motion in last decades in areas of Czech mendicants monasteries bring constantly new knowledges about single localities and ever purvey our informations about this monasteries and its relations to the mediaeval town and society.
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Social time and its representation in the performance-oriented society of the 19th century: liberalization - monetization - pluralization
Řezníková, Lenka
One of the symptoms of the transition from the premodern society of estates to a modern civil society, as realized during the 19th century (at least at the ideological level) was the highlighting of time and its transformation into a secular instrument of liberal ideology. The monetization of time, expressed in Benjamin Franklin’s famous formulation „time is money“ (translated into Czech in 1838) allowed time to be conceived as a factor in social ascent. In contrast to the estates privileges that quarantees social status on given a priori selective principles, time was given to everybody and its appropriate utilization could ensure social ascent even for individuals from the lowest social strata. Hence time becomes a key component in the new liberal biographical project of social ascent, not only in the biological sense, but also with regard to the structure of social behaviour. Numerous instructions are given (even in fiction) on how to utilize time properly and transform it into material profit. As time in increasingly highlighted, so the importance of time periods and deadlines grows and need also incerases for synchronization and correct timing, because each actor noe disposes of his own time, which is not always compatible with the time of others actors. This study attempts to show how the new secularized time was represented in the emerging performance-oriented society and what consequences were in store for the monetization of time beyond this optimistic liberal discourse within the modernist generation at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries.
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