Anaerobní nálevníci jako modelová skupina pro studiu biodiverzity a symbióz v anoxických prostředích

Rotterová, Johana

Ciliates are also of the most extensively studied and diverse groups of unicellular eukaryotes, and yet, their anaerobic representatives have been largely neglected; in part due to culturing difficulties. Although all main ciliate lineages contain anaerobes, their diversity and evolution of anaerobiosis are especially poorly understood and just starting to gain attention. In fact, Ciliophora is an excellent model group to study adaptations to life in anoxia, since it, apart from the aerobic majority, includes free-living and endobiotic obligately anaerobic lineages, facultative anaerobes, microaerophiles, and microaerotolerant species. The diversity of Metopida, the free-living order of obligately anaerobic class Armophorea, has been partially revised and significantly broadened during the past years, including numerous redescriptions using modern methods, as well as the description of novel families Tropidoatractidae and Apometopidae, several genera, and multiple species. Oxygen plays a crucial role in ATP production via oxidative phosphorylation that takes place in the mitochondrion in most known eukaryotes. Nevertheless, anaerobic ciliates, among many other eukaryotes that have adapted to low oxygen concentrations or even its absence, have modified their mitochondria and energetic metabolism to...

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