Lexikální mezery v češtině ve srovnání s angličtinou: jejich identifikace a charakteristika

Kolman, Martin

Lexical Gaps Abstract in English The general assumption among most language users is that every single concept in our world can be labeled by a proper lexical item, i.e. there is a name for all of the physical or abstract entities we live with and situations we experience. It has been suggested by several studies, and we will concentrate on these, that there are usually several conceptual structures in the studied languages which are in fact not lexicalized. This linguistic phenomenon is called a lexical gap, and there is more than one type of lexical gap observable in languages. Recent studies of the occurrence of a lexical gap show various approaches to the subject with various results. The study of lexical gaps can be approached from the point of view of lexical fields, as suggested by Alan Cruse and Adrienne Lehrer among others. In this approach different fields: taxonomies, hierarchies, clusters, grids, linear structures and matrixes help to organize the lexicon into conceptual structures where the missing structural part is then best observable and studied with relation to the other units in the field. Other approaches, Bentivogli and Pianta for example, favour contrastive lexicological studies where a lexical gap is identified as a missing translational equivalent in a target language to a lexical...

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