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Tax aspects of trust funds
Berr, Jan ; Vybíral, Roman (advisor) ; Vondráčková, Pavlína (referee)
Tax aspects of trust funds Abstract Since 2014 the Czech legislation allows establishment of trust funds, through which assets from the ownership of the founder or another person can be set aside for private or public benefit purposes. Such property becomes property without an owner, and is subject to the disposition of the trustee. Trust funds have become more popular especially in the last four years and therefore the tax implications are also gaining importance. It is no longer a fashionable topic, but a topic with practical use. The diploma thesis is focused on the tax aspects of domestic trust funds with a description of individual topics related to domestic taxes in this context. At the same time, here are also described the tax topics dealt with in the past by the professional public here, especially during the first years of the implementation of the trust fund institute into the domestic legislation. The diploma thesis is divided into four main parts. The first part provides a basic analysis of amount of trust funds established from 2014 to August 2022, as well as general legal topics related to the trust fund (establishment, operation, termination), the related duties of the trustee and others, such as the registration of trust funds and registry of beneficiaries. The second, third and fourth part...
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Triangular trade
BENEŠOVÁ, Anna
This work focuses on the legal regulation of triangular trade. It examines breaches of the terms of these transactions, mainly in relation to value added tax, and how effective the enforcement of sanctions is under the European Union rules and if this type of trade is sufficiently legally treated from the point of view of the European Union law and within two Member States, the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Furthermore, the work shows how the triangular trade is reflected in the accounting of individual stakeholders and in the financial statements it examines what effect it has on the company - whether it pays to conduct a triangular trade or not. The results are obtained through example a fictional companies that deals with this type of trade. And finally how trade between the European Union and Great Britain developed after Brexit.
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Cryptocurrencies in terms of the Tax Burden for a Firm
MAZANCOVÁ, Kateřina
Cryptocurrencies are a modern phenomenon not only in terms of technological progress, but also as a means of payment or investment. The aim of the diploma thesis is to evaluate the impact of dealing with cryptocurrencies in terms of the tax burden for a particular entity. Personal and corporate income tax and value added tax are collected to assess the tax burden. The analysis is supplemented by recommendations for optimizing the tax liability and a list of consequences for non-declaration of income from cryptocurrencies. The conclusion summarizes the results of the work, including legislatively unresolved issues of further taxation.
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Income Tax from an employment aktivity for a selected group of taxpayers
ŽALUDOVÁ, Kristýna
The thesis deals with the issue of tax burden for selected subjects. As a general rule, every working person pays a tax from their incomes. For every taxpayer applies the same amount of income taxation. In the Czech Republic it is called the nominal tax rate and presents 15%. Despite this fact, each income has their own real tax rate. This happens due to tax advantages, rebates and state contributions, which is individual for each taxpayer. The thesis introduces the definition of taxes, tax system in the Czech Republic and mainly is focused on personal taxes. Subsequently, the thesis handles with calculating nominal and real tax on chosen subjects. Using a data analysis of the taxpayer, their real tax rate was determined and then compared with the nominal one. The conclusion evaluates the impact of the tax burden on taxpayers.
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Comparison of Payroll Issues in the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic
ČESKÁ, Hana
The bachelor thesis describes payroll systems in the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic. For the sake of their subsequent comparison, the text is focused on analyzing key issues affecting remuneration and also wage deductions from income from employment. Dissimilar nature and general scheme of each tax system, health insurance and social security contributions´ conditions laid down by law in these neighbouring countries lead to different net income despite original identical gross wage. In order to prove that, this theses deals with several particular examples showing procedure that leads to calculating costs per employee and also net wages, including the calculation of the advance income tax and health insurance and social security contributions. With regard to the results of these examples, options for tax optimization are presented and one of these payroll systems is chosen as preferable in terms of employers and employees.
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The Arrangements for the Transition from a Natural Person to a Limited Liability Company
PEKAŘOVÁ, Kristýna
The purpose of this Bachelor´s thesis is to describe problems of the transition from a natural person to a limited liability company and related financial and tax difficulties. The paper presents the summary of the transition problems of the legal form from the point of view of the legislation and tax advantages and disadvantages. The paper is divided into two parts. The theoretical part concentrates on the legislation of business of a natural person and a limited liability company, the comparison of tax advantages and disadvantages of these forms of business and the ways of the transition including all related costs. In the practical part, the acquired knowledge is applied to a particular entity and this part also includes a proposal of suitable procedures of the transition. Based on the theoretical and practical parts, the results may be used as a manual for the people who want to change the legal status of their business.
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Social aspects in present taxation politics in the Czech Republic
OLŠAROVÁ, Edita
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to present the options concerning tax credits and reductions for taxpayers of personal income tax and conditions for their application. The aim is to show the connection between tax and social policy. This paper also introduces tax and social policy as a part of election campaigns. The thesis is drafted as a theoretical work. The introduction covers the theory of taxing for better insight into the topic. The main body of the thesis addresses personal income tax and possibilities for its reduction. The conclusion of the thesis analyzes incorporation of the tax and social policy into election campaigns. This thesis is based on available literature, legislative sources and web sites of competent institutions.
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Purchase of Real Estate Concern
BLAŽKOVÁ, Terezie
This work is dealt with a purchase of real estate concern. It is focused on the contracts which are concerned this problematic. This work explored why the cadastre of real estate is important, which laws the transfer of real estate are tied to and how the commitments are ensured or confirmed. A significant part of the work are taxes such as tax on real estate or value added tax which are connected to the purchase. To gain the data the questionnaires are used. The employees of the real estate agencies answered which strategy their agency are had or how many the real estates are sold during the year. The other questionnaires are filled by people who are either owners of the real estate or those who have experience with real estate agencies.
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Comparison of housing cooperatives and owners' associations from the accounting and tax point of view
DOLEŽALOVÁ, Karolína
The thesis provides information on accounting procedures and tax obligations of a community of unit owners and a housing association according to Czech legislation. The main objective is to define and compare accounting and tax aspects of a community of unit owners and a housing association from a theoretical and practical point of view. In the practical part, theoretical knowledge is applied to a community of unit owners ABC units a housing association XYZ. According to their statutes, the formation of the given unit, their authorities, obligations, and rights of owners of units (members of the community), the management of the unit is defined. Then, on a basis of accounting documents, procedures, methods of accounting and taxation for individual entities are displayed. Following an analysis of legal, accounting and tax aspects of the ABC community of unit owners and the XYZ housing association, main differences between these subjects are described. Closing part of this paper is focused on recovery of debts from a community or association members, charging of advances on services, house management and value added tax with recommendations from experts.
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Accounting and Tax Aspects of a Car in Business
VITHOVÁ, Štěpánka
The aim of this diploma thesis is to explain the complete problematic concerning use of an automobile in private enterprise and to help the user, the ratepayer, to be well informed about situations that can arise in connection with use of the car. This breeds many problems and much unclearness and that not only from the technical but also from the accounting and taxation point of view. The theoretic part concentrates on methods of purchasing an automobile, possibility of its insertion or non-insertion into the business property and depreciation. The problematic of travel expenses compensation, which was legislativly amended in 2007, is naturally included. The practical part demonstrates accounting related to the car in accounting software Money S3 in RCOMP s.r.o. company. There is also an analysis of fiscally acceptable costs for an entrepreneur, a physical person, carried out. Both cases, the one in which the car is and the other in which the car is not included into the business property, are handled. From the results of this analysis follows that the alternative of not including the car into the business property becomes more profitable in a ratio when the acquisition costs of the car are 600 thousand crowns and the businessman drives approximately 50 thousand kilometres a year.
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