|
|
Developmental defects and their examination in biochemical screening
TOMANOVÁ, Andrea
This thesis deals with the issue of congenital developmental defects, with the focus on the most frequently occurring chromosomal aberrations. The main focus is biochemical screening of pregnant women as an integral part of prenatal diagnostics. The aim is to produce summary statistics of the occurrence of the three most frequent chromosomal aberrations based on acquired data and to compare the results with the official statistics of the occurrence of these anomalies within the Czech Republic.
|
|
| |
|
|
Premature Newborn Care Now and in the Past
Kopřivová, Lenka ; Kulhavá, Miluše (advisor) ; Smíšek, Jan (referee)
v anglickém jazyce The thesis deals with the care of premature newborns. The structure of the thesis is divided into several chapters, which focus on the definition of neonatology and development of the neonatal care in the Czech Republic and abroad and on the definition of premature newborn and their most common diseases. Substantial part is devoted to development of the care of premature newborn and its current status. The final part of the thesis is devoted to interviews with the nurses, who have been working in the neonatal intensive care unit for long time. The thesis is formed by description and used it in written and electronic resources. The aim of the thesis is overview of the development of care of premature newborn in the past and present. Key words: Neonatalogy, development of neonatalogy, Oxygen therapy, Kangaroo mother care, history of incubators, Virginie Apgar, UPMD history, classification of the newborn, resuscitation of the newborn, congenial defects, history of Gynaecology and Obstetric Clinic VFN, history of the Institute for the care for mother and child, newborn screening, newborn nutrition
|
|
| |
|
|
Folic acid - importance in the prevention of birth defects and its intake in pregnancy
CARDOVÁ, Sabina
The folic acid belongs to the group of hydrophilic B vitamins. Folic acid is required for many chemical reactions related to onecarbon transfers such as biosynthesis of purines and pyrimidines, building blocks of DNA and RNA. Therefore, folate is crucial especially during periods of rapid growth and development. During pregnancy is the need of folic acid significantly increasing due to the maternal tissue, placenta and fetus growth. Periconceptional intake of folic acid is known to reduce a woman's risk of having an infant affected by congenital malformations, especially neural tube birth defect (NTD). Women who are planning to conceive should be informed about the importance of folic acid. It is recommended to take folic acid supplementation for 3 months before pregnancy and continue with usage of supplementation until the end of the second trimester. Insufficient folate supply of the population is a global problem. Improvement is possible by increased consumption of folaterich foods and food supplements. Some countries have introduced mandatory fortification of food. Most often it is the enrichment of bread, rice and pasta. The theoretical part is divided into two chapters. The first chapters is focused on birth defects. This part includes a brief characterization of their occurrence, the factors that contribute to their formation, individual defects and contains information about perinatal diagnosis and primary prevention. The second chapter deals with the importance of folic acid in pregnancy. It also describes ways of folic acid absorption, food sources, stability and the possibility of increasing folate intake. This part presents risks of folic acid excess and the risk of folate deficiency. The aim of the thesis was to evaluate the awareness among pregnant women about the importance of folic acid in the prevention of birth defects and to evaluate whether pregnant women endeavor for an adequate supply of folic acid. There were set up the two research questions: "What is the pregnant women awareness about the importance of folic acid in the prevention of birth defects?" and "To what extent pregnant women endeavor for the adequate supply of folic acid?". The practical part of the thesis was created using quantitative research method. Data collection was conducted in the form of printed questionnaires in the South Bohemia region, part of the questionnaires I received in electronic form. The questionnaire was anonymous, it consisted of 26 questions. It is evident from the results that 84% of pregnant women have awareness about the importance of folic acid in the prevention of birth defects. 20% of the surveyed women answered correctly what kind of defects are congenital malformations. Only 4% of the women gave completely correct answer to the question in which period is the most important sufficient supply of folate in the prevention of birth defects. Partially correct in this question were 55% of respondents. The vast majority of the pregnant women (93%) used a dietary supplement containing folic acid. However, only 40% of the women were using these supplements before conception. It seems that women of childbearing age and women planning a pregnancy are not sufficiently informed or do not follow recommendations from specialists. Consumption of foods rich in folate was seldom for these women. For most of them were characteristic insufficient supply of vegetables and legumes. The positive finding of the research was that pregnant women consume most of the vegetables in raw form. The stores are selling some products fortified with folic acid, it is salt, some drinks and variety of different cereals. Most of the women were not aware of these products, only 5% of women have purchased the product.
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
guest ::
