|
|
The prechordal plate during embryogenesis of the vertebrate head
Marková, Kristýna ; Černý, Robert (advisor) ; Soukup, Vladimír (referee)
The prechordal plate is generally described as a population of axial mesendodermal cells that is formed during early embryonic development, in the rostral- most area of the vertebrate head. The population of the prechordal plate cells is specific for vertebrate, and evolution of the vertebrate head was one of the key steps during vertebrate evolution. During vertebrate embryogenesis, the prechordal plate cells are pushed by the growth of the forebrain, until only some small population remains in front of the notochord, which later differentiate into mesodermal cells. The precise morphogenesis of this prechordal mesoderm, differs across vertebrates, but in most vertebrates produces a pair of head cavities, which are called premandibular. Within the organogenesis of vertebrates, extrinsic eye muscles are formed from these mesodermal cells and cavities. The prechordal plate, however is also referred to as one of the important centers that control the formation of the vertebrate head during early embryogenesis, since its removal or inhibition of important signals caused various disorders and embryonic dead. This thesis aims to summarize the information on the formation and function of the prechordal plate cells during vertebrate embryogenesis. Key words: prechordal plate; prechordal mesoderm; head...
|
|
|
Evaporative water loss in terrestrial vertebrates
Demešová, Jana ; Starostová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Vohralík, Vladimír (referee)
Evaporative water loss affects physiology, ecology and evolution of individual organisms. This wok summarizes the knowledge about water loss in main groups of terrestrial vertebrates. In addition to physiological processes, it also follows evolutionary trends through adaptations created as a barrier against the water loss or as a method of cooling by evaporation. From an ecological point of view, it examines whether these adaptations have enabled some of them to inhabit extreme habitats. The topic of water loss by evaporation interferes with other topics such as thermoregulation or metabolism. Key words: evaporation, water loss, aridity, thermoregulation, metabolism, vertebrate
|
|
|
Research of vertebrate-microbiota relationship using germ-free organisms
Kubovčiak, Jan ; Kreisinger, Jakub (advisor) ; Hájková, Petra (referee)
Germ free (axenic) animals are individuals reared under specific conditions preventing their contact with surrounding microorganisms. Some of the features observed in these individuals vary from those observed in naturally colonized counterparts. These differences probably reflect the influence of presence of a complex intestinal microbial population in the intestine, which influences important physiological functions of the host body by various mechanisms. Thus, nature of these differences allows to study relationship of the host, vertebrate in this case and its microbiota, which evolved into a complicated system of interactions providing relatively stable coexistence. Germ free research of this relationship is focused on interactions between microbiota and host's immune system, metabolism, morphology of digestive tract and behavior. This thesis provides summary of research outcomes on previously mentioned topics. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
guest ::
