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The Relationship of Hedonism and Humanism
Jerman, Ondřej ; Jirsa, Jakub (advisor) ; Švec, Ondřej (referee)
The diploma thesis discusses the relationship between humanism and hedonism. However, its main objective is not to explain the terms in their summarized historical relatedness but to point out their internal coherence. The fundamental issue the thesis deals with is the fact that sentient beings suffer from sorrow. Enumerating the reasons why it is important to search for a solution would be a waste of our reader's time. It is necessary to understand that we don't expect empirical science to solve the problem since - despite the enthusiasm significant for this modern period - has not introduced any relief from sorrow. Here comes the opportunity for philosophy and, eventually, ethics. In its first part the thesis maps out the context of humanism and hedonism, studies their apparent as well as hidden nature, and lays the conceivable foundations of humanistic hedonism. The following section suggests a set of particular steps. Adhering to these instructions makes it possible to experience delight and to eliminate sorrow.
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Transcending egoism through utilitarianism
Vaškovic, Petr ; Jirsa, Jakub (advisor) ; Hill, James (referee)
This bachelor's thesis transcending egoism through utilitarianism deals with the problem of egoism in connection to moral acts, especially in connection to the motivation of moral action. Main focus of the thesis is on the problem of egoism, which seems to be one of the main motivating powers, usually negative, that is preventing individual from following his moral judgment. Transcending the negative influence of egoism is possible through adopting a certain impersonal viewpoint. This tendency, namely the aspiration to achieve an impersonal viewpoint can be found in utilitarianism. Utilitarianism in its foundations works with an Epicurean, therefore more or less egoistically hedonistic view of morality, with a tendency of an individual to follow pleasure and avoid pain. Impersonal character of utilitarianism, that aspect of utilitarianism, which is capable of transcending egoism, is the aspect which will be most important for this thesis. The ability of utilitarianism to transcend the personal viewpoint will be the core of the argument, which will help us in transcending egoism. Keywords Ethics, egoism, motivation, utilitarianism, Bentham, Mill, Scheffler, Hare
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G. Lipovetsky: The Painless Ethics
Pavelcová, Tereza ; Jirsa, Jakub (advisor) ; Čapek, Jakub (referee)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to follow and to critically interpret the proposition about the development of ethics and morality in the work of Gilles Lipovetsky both on specific examples from the history of ethics and its contemporary reflections. The thesis should clarify in what cases is his philosophical and sociological diagnosis, analysis and prediction justified and where it is on the contrary problematic and why. Lipovetsky's proposition in his book The Twilight of Duty is that contemporary moral "boom" is actually a shock and not only a comeback or a revitalization of the traditional morality. It would be no exaggeration to say that contemporary morality is definitely leaving the traditional one behind. The ambition of the thesis is also to give a formulation of the character and typical manifestation of Lipovetsky's "postmoral ethics of the third type" with neither religious nor lay basis in form of duty. The thesis is aware of the tension between the ethical ardor and decadence, the incitements to individualism and the demands of society, in short the tension between responsible and irresponsible ethics. The aim is also to try to justify the applied ethics of responsibility formulated by Lipovetsky, which is to be set in the period of "the twilight of duty", when we no longer have a...
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Application of neuroscience in the field of marketing in relation to ethics
Smetanová, Alžběta ; Sigmund, Tomáš (advisor) ; Vacura, Miroslav (referee)
The bachelor thesis Application of neuroscience in the field of marketing in relation to ethics focuses on a current topic of neuromarketing and its ethical aspects. Firstly, it describes neuroscience as a discipline which lays the foundation for neuromarketing. Consequently, it defines the term neuromarketing and briefly summarizes its history. The thesis continues with a thorough examination of practical use of findings of neuroscience for commercial purposes, ranging from basic principles of neuromarketing to a relevance of this relatively new discipline. While reflecting diversity of opinions on the actual contribution of neuromarketing, the thesis proceeds with a discussion of the issue of communicating neuromarketing methods on a business-to-business market and then pays close attention to potentially unethical areas in the practice of neuromarketing. In its final part, the thesis debates a question of manipulation through the lens of three different approches to moral philosophy, namely utilitarianism, deontology and the ethics of responsibility.
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The Application of Ethical Theories to Selected Dilemmas of Social Workers in Homes for Seniors
BALÍKOVÁ, Andrea
The diploma thesis refers to the applicability of ethical theories in solving the dilemmas of social workers in homes for the elderly. The thesis is divided into four parts. In the first part there is defined a residential social service in the form of a home for seniors and characterized the nature of social work in this facility. The second part defines eleven dilemmas social workers encounter in their practice and also the reasons why social workers avoid them. The third part describes the essence of ethical theory in social work practice. It is focused on the description of three selected theories which include deontology, utilitarianism and the ethics of care. The last part concerns the application of these theories to the two ethical dilemmas of social workers: to contact or not to contact client's family, to solve or not to solve client's problems.
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Animal Right : a Philosophical Perspective
Černý, David
The issue of animal rights is an essential part of practical ethics. Most authors argue that speciesism (defined as a prejudice of attitude of bias toward the interests of members of one’s own species) opposes liberationism. The overall aim of this contribution is to show that this conviction is wrong. In the first part, some remarks concerning current debate on animal rights are made, with special attention to Peter Singer. The second part of the paper is devoted in detail to clarifying the role of speciesism in opposing liberationism. It concludes by noting that only a highly specific form of speciesism is, in fact, in opposition to liberationism. We can hold speciesism and engage in animal liberationism based on ascription of some morally relevant properties (sentience) to animals.
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Are Economics Etudents more Utilitarian than their Colleagues from other Disciplines?
Cinert, Vojtěch ; Houdek, Petr (advisor) ; Babin, Jan (referee)
The thesis analyses whether the students of economics reject utilitarian behavior less than students studying various fields than economics. The testing was carried out on the moral dilemmas of so-called "trolley problem". Data was obtained through on-line questionnaire, mainly from students of different universities. The results of the research point out, that in 2 cases out of 6, the students of economics and technical fields reject utilitarian behavior less. The dilemmas are both medical framing. The influence of self-selection was not proved. It is possible, that the studies of economics have an influence on evaluation of the utilitarian behavior.
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Ethical preconditions of parental decisions in settling affairs concerning minors
TŮMOVÁ, Kateřina
The thesis opens with the distinction of the concepts of a human being and a person. It then discusses two important philosophical approaches towards these concepts: exclusive and inclusive. It further deals with the relationship of a person to his or her closest surroundings and the acquisition of self-ownership, thanks to which a person can meaningfully pronounce "I". The thesis thus attempts to unfold the way of thinking that leads towards ethical decision making. In the second part of the thesis, contemporary ethical theories as utilitarianism, individualism and hedonism are discussed. A practical study of custodial files at the Authority of Social and Legal Protection of Minors (OSPOD) in a district town in South Bohemia follows, which examines - from the available judgments of the district court - how parents are able to cope with such a binding turning point in their life as divorce or separation from a partner. The thesis attempts to evaluate clearly the different behaviour of adults during processes of settling their relationships towards their minor children, as they are described in the court case studies. Synoptical graphs are used to indicate which types of behaviour occur and to what extent during actions in court. At the end of the thesis, the research and its surprising and hopefully optimistic outcome for future activities of OSPOD is summarized.
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Terorism-ethic standards carriing interests of society (politics)
ŠŤASTNÝ, Michal
The diploma thesis deals with the terrorism and war, their meaning in the globalised world and with the possibility of ethical justification of violence. Theoretical part delineates terrorism, its terminology and political and social environment. It describes kinds and methods of terrorism, its history and some of the terrorist organizations with their goals. The thesis also compares terrorism and war in the parts where they intersect. In the next chapters it presents original ethical theories which would be supported by the moral assessment of violent enforcing of interests. There is explained the term of just war, its basic principles and obligatory attributes. Practical part characterize three chosen actual conflicts: the Al- Qaeda attacks on the United States from 11th September, 2001, Chechnya war for its autonomy and current factual occupation of Iraq by allied forces. Legitimate setting in the sense of ius ad bellum, the right to defend by the use of violence, was not mostly deconstructed. In the area of ius in bello, the right in the war, the hypothesis was not verified and the particular violent action did not fulfill some of the basic principles of just war.
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