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Radiotherapy planning
Kumpová, Ivana ; Sekora, Jiří (referee) ; Kolářová, Jana (advisor)
The task of this thesis is to familiarize readers with the basics of the problem of ionizing radiation from its types and resources, through mechanisms of action and its effects on the human organism, to the possibility of calculating various characteristics. Close attention is paid to the use of ionizing radiation in medical approaches. There is in detail described process of radiotherapy planning and a basic properties of planning systems. Part of the thesis is also program RT-Plan processed in Matlab. The program simulates the planning system for external ionizing radiation therapy used in treatment. There is supplemented a detailed help and series of tests for the plan. It is suitable for possible use in teaching.
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Web Planning System
Mátl, Tomáš ; Květoňová, Šárka (referee) ; Straka, Martin (advisor)
This work deals with creation of an information system for web planning. The work involves each phase of system development from the first requirements specification and analysis to system planning, modeling and implementation. System was implemented using technologies such as HTML, CSS, PHP, Javascript, MySQL database and Apache web server.
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Web Planning System
Mátl, Tomáš ; Květoňová, Šárka (referee) ; Straka, Martin (advisor)
This work deals with creation of an information system for web planning. The work involves each phase of system development from the first requirements specification and analysis to system planning, modeling and implementation. System was implemented using technologies such as HTML, CSS, PHP, Javascript, MySQL database and Apache web server.
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Framework for development of optimization algorithms
Hurt, Tomáš ; Trunda, Otakar (advisor) ; Hric, Jan (referee)
The aim of the thesis is to design and implement an efficient tool for research and testing of algorithms of the combinatorial optimization. The domain of the planning research will be explained and the steps of design and implementation of such program will be covered. The framework will support two primary for- malisms for the description of optimization problems (PDDL, SAS+ ). The inputs processing will be provided, suitable data structures and efficient implementati- ons of search algorithms will also be included. The emphasis will be on a proper object design and easy extensibility for the future development. To achieve this goal, proven principles of software engineering will be used. 1
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Linear Accelerator Input Beam Data Collection for DIAMOND Calculation Systém Setup
KRÁKORA, Martin
The first chapter of the theoretical part of my bachelor's thesis is focused on the theme of radiotherapy in general as well as to its history. Radiotherapy is a young medical field which treats both malignant and non-malignant diseases by ionizing radiation. The roots of this discipline go back to the beginning of the 20th century, when German physicist Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen discovered X-rays. These rays started to be used in the treatment of tumorous diseases; the first case of tumour elimination by these rays was described in 1896. The second theoretical chapter outlines the types of radiotherapy and their clinical applications. The first type of radiotherapy is curative (radical), which is the primary choice for treatment of tumours, with the aim to eradicate the tumour completely and cure the patient. Another type of radiotherapy is adjuvant. This is a "securing" method, indicated in case of assumption that there are still microscopic tumour remains in the patient's body. There is also neoadjuvant radiotherapy, so-called preoperative. It is applied before the medical procedure when it is necessary to reduce the size of the tumour. Another clinically applied type is radiotherapy with palliative intent. This treatment is indicated to patients whose disease is incurable and serve to remove or alleviate the symptoms. The last type is non-tumorous radiotherapy. This method of treatment is used for non-tumorous diseases and it is always the method of the last resort. The following chapter discusses the theme of radiotherapeutic irradiator. These devices include simulator which simulates the irradiation plan and is very important for planning and control in radiotherapy. Linear accelerators are the most often tools used for irradiation. These accelerators use high-frequency beam of photons or electrons for irradiation. Other devices used in radiotherapy include cobalt and cesium irradiators. The fourth chapter deals with planning in radiotherapy. Irradiation plan, which must be approved by a doctor, is put together in the process of planning. This plan is approved in case when the created combination of irradiation fields achieves the most accurate covering of the target volume by a required dose, and at the same time healthy tissues and organs are spared as much as possible. This chapter also mentions the theme of phantoms that are very important for planning in radiotherapy. Phantoms were also used during the measurement within the practical part of the thesis. The fifth chapter is devoted to irradiation techniques used in radiotherapy. All basic techniques used for irradiation are described here one-field irradiation technique, which is the simplest one, two-field irradiation, i.e. contralateral, convergent or tangential techniques. Also three-field irradiation technique the T and Y techniques, as well as the four-field technique BOX and Crossfire techniques. The most complex techniques include five and more fields where three-dimensional conformational radiotherapy is used. The last chapter describes individual planning systems used at the Department of Oncology of České Budějovice Hospital, with which the objectives of the practical part of the bachelor's thesis were achieved. These planning systems include Mephysto mc2, Diamond and Eclipse programs. Independent measurements were carried out within the practical part of the bachelor's thesis, on the basis of which the following hypothesis was confirmed: "A procedure implemented in compliance with methodology No. 4 can shorten the time of measuring of parameters of ionizing radiation beams from linear accelerator to be entered into the DIAMOND computing system." The aim of the thesis was to get data files for entering the source of ionizing radiation (linear accelerator) into the DIAMOND computing system. This objective was achieved and the respective data files are presented in the chapter of Results (the whole version is attached to this thesis on a CD).
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Radiotherapy planning
Kumpová, Ivana ; Sekora, Jiří (referee) ; Kolářová, Jana (advisor)
The task of this thesis is to familiarize readers with the basics of the problem of ionizing radiation from its types and resources, through mechanisms of action and its effects on the human organism, to the possibility of calculating various characteristics. Close attention is paid to the use of ionizing radiation in medical approaches. There is in detail described process of radiotherapy planning and a basic properties of planning systems. Part of the thesis is also program RT-Plan processed in Matlab. The program simulates the planning system for external ionizing radiation therapy used in treatment. There is supplemented a detailed help and series of tests for the plan. It is suitable for possible use in teaching.
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The Difference between Planed and Real Measured Dose under the Bolus Made of New Material
KUKAČKOVÁ, Lucie
The first chapter of the theoretical part of the bachelor's thesis outlines radiotherapy in general. Radiotherapy is a clinical treatment using ionising radiation to treat malignant and benign diseases. It is one of the youngest medical disciplines. The development of radiotherapy began in November 1895, when Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen discovered X-rays. Radiotherapy became an independent medical specialty in 1922. The second chapter describes planning in radiotherapy. Irradiation plans for radiotherapy are created on the basis of a planning system. ECLIPSE planning system is used in the oncology department in České Budějovice Hospital. Phantoms are the theme of the third chapter. Phantoms are materials whose radiation absorption corresponds to human tissue. Water is a basic universal phantom material. In addition to water, also other materials are used, such as polystyrene, plexiglass, paraffin, PMMA etc. The last, fourth chapter of the theoretical part, deals with boluses. Boluses are tissue-equivalent materials that are put on the patient's skin during irradiation when it is needed to increase the surface dose and at the same decrease the depth dose. Moreover, bolus is used to compensate the missing tissue. Bolus is most often used to diagnose patients after mastectomy due to breast cancer. The most important characteristic of boluses is their ability to absorb radiation. In the oncology department in České Budějovice Hospital, bolus from dental wax Ceradent had been used before. A bolus made from this material was hard and uneasy to shape. That is why it did not fit tightly to the chest wall of the patient. For this reason a new line of boluses was obtained for the oncology department, from gel material supplied by CIVCO company with dimensions 30 x 30 cm and thickness 0.3 cm, 0.5 cm and 1 cm, in "skin" and "skinless" version. These new boluses stick easily to the patient's skin and copy the shape of the body. The first objective of my bachelor's thesis was to compare the doses planned and measured under the bolus from the new material. This objective is elaborated in the practical part of the bachelor's thesis in chapter presenting the results. Another objective was to elaborate the principles for the use of bolus. These principles are described in the theoretical part of the bachelor's thesis in chapter describing the use of bolus in radiotherapy. The following hypothesis was suggested in the thesis: "It can be assumed that the generated bolus in the planning system corresponds to the scanned bolus on the CT with patient and that there is a difference between the planned dose and measured one." To confirm or refute the working hypothesis, measuring was executed in the oncology department in České Budějovice Hospital. Data about individual doses were collected boluses generated in the Eclipse planning system of different width (0.3 cm, 0.5 cm, 1 cm) on phantoms. Three types of phantoms from PMMA were used for the purposes of this measuring. First, the measuring was executed on phantom in the shape of the chest wall of a patient after breast ablation. Then, the tabular phantom and universal IMRT verification phantoms were used. The measurement was executed on the Clinac 2100 C/D linear accelerator, later on the new TrueBeam 2.5. linear accelerator. All these doses were measured by ionisation chamber from PTW company with volume of 0.125cm3. The obtained data were processed in tables and deviations of individual doses were calculated. Based on this measurement it was found out that the deviations of all doses are less than 3%. And therefore also the hypothesis of the thesis was confirmed. There really is a difference between individual doses, but not so significant to affect the size of dose during the planning. As for the practical outcome, generated boluses will be used as standard in the oncology department in České Budějovice Hospital.
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Creating Methodology for Independent Verification of Monitor Unit Calculation for Department of Oncology at Hospital Ceske Budejovice
ADENSAMOVÁ, Jana
The Bachelor's thesis deals with the planning of radiotherapy in general and with planning systems which are used at the Department of Oncology of České Budějovice Hospital, a.s. A planning system is a software that is used to calculate the dose distribution of each beamlet in patients and critical organs. Currently, České Budějovice Hospital uses the Eclipse planning system by Varian. The thesis is divided into a theoretical and a practical part. The theoretical part is divided into five chapters, which briefly summarizes knowledge on radiotherapy, the planning of radiotherapy, and planning systems. In the Eclipse system, I describe particularly the algorithms and their use. The description of the DIAMOND software covers mainly the control of MU and doses in plans generated by the Eclipse program. The main goal of the thesis was to develop a methodology for an independent verification of the calculation of monitor units and to determine the allowable deviations. The practical part of the thesis deals primarily with the development of the methodology of working in the DIAMOND program and the verification of radiotherapy plans generated by the Eclipse system. The chapter 'Results' offers a scheme for the calculation of MU and doses in the DIAMOND program. It describes individual steps which should be followed in order to allow for verification. Furthermore, it presents a table with results of the verification of the plan for tangential field technique in the irradiation of breast cancer. Other tables list the doses calculated by the Eclipse planning system and the DIAMOND program for IMRT technique (Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy) in the irradiation of prostate cancer. In the technique of two tangential fields, deviations of MU were calculated between the calculations made by the Eclipse planning system and those generated by the DIAMOND software. In the IMRT technique with seven fields (5 whole fields + 2 split fields), doses deviations were defined during the calculation of the irradiation plan. The technique of seven fields (5+2) was chosen because of the simplicity of calculation. The question remains whether an independent calculation of monitor units will help to eliminate gross errors in the calculation of irradiation plans.
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Optimization of inventory management system in selected company
GAHUTOVÁ, Šárka
The main objectives of this thesis are analysis of change in inventory management system in the selected company and propose measures to reduce the financial capital tied up in inventories and an increase of the service level. Several recommendations that could lead to optimization of inventory, while maintaining or even improving the service level were generated based on the analysis.
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Realization of demanding computing tasks on MetaCentrum
HORELICA, Josef
This thesis deals with the realization of demanding computing tasks on MetaCentrum. For these purposes was created the manual, which should help beginners on MetaCentrum. The first part is about the basic knowledge about parallel computation, characterization of means for computing, project MetaCentrum and some applications offered by MetaCentrum. In the second part there are the practical examples of computing on MetaCentrum. The enclosed CD contains the multimedia tutorial.
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