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Effect of early postnatal supplementation by probiotic bacteria Escherichia coli O83:K24:H31 on proportional and fucntional characteristics of selected cellular population
Věcek, Jan ; Hrdý, Jiří (advisor) ; Funda, David (referee)
The hygiene hypothesis proposes that exposure to microorganisms during the postnatal period is crucial for proper immune system development and may help to prevent development of autoimmune diseases and allergies. Probiotics, live microorganisms with beneficial health effects, could be a safe way to promote the appropriate maturation of the immune system. Early postnatal administration of a specific probiotic strain, Escherichia coli O83:K24:H31 (EcO83), reduces the incidence of allergies later in life. To understand the immunomodulatory features of EcO83, we conducted a bioinformatic analysis of its genome and compared it to two other strains, E. coli Nissle and E. coli K12. Our analysis identified unique genes in EcO83 related to propionate and galactose metabolism, as well as genes that may enhance its ability to thrive in the gastrointestinal tract. Moreover, we transformed EcO83 with luciferase enzymes and observed that it effectively colonizes the gastrointestinal tract of newborn mice but not adult mice. Further analysis of mice treated with EcO83 revealed that the probiotic promotes the expression of genes involved in tight junction formation and increases costimulatory molecules on dendritic cells in the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN). Induced RORγt+ Tregs in MLN displayed increased...
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The role of innate lymphoid cells in influenza virus infection
Mouyabi, Flaviancia ; Hrdý, Jiří (advisor) ; Kössl, Jan (referee)
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are recently discovered group of innate immune cells. They do not have antigen-specific receptors but they can be activated by cytokines similarly to T lymphocytes. ILCs have a crucial role in the regulation of inflammation, tissue repair, containment of commensals, anti-infection immunity and regulation of tissue homeostasis. The presence of mouse and human ILCs can be detected in the lung during and after influenza virus infection when ILCs contribute to the restoration of damaged lung parenchyma. ILCs directly or indirectly provide protection against viral infections by secretion of various cytokines and co-operation with other cells (e.g. T cells, macrophages). Overall, lung ILCs are important in immune responses and tissue homeostasis, but further studies on this topic are needed to fully understand their role. The aim of this thesis was to specifically characterize these cells, focus on their function in the lung, and describe their role in the course of influenza virus infection.
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Capacity of probiotics to affect innate lymphoid cells type 3
Věcek, Jan ; Hrdý, Jiří (advisor) ; Schwarzer, Martin (referee)
Innate lymphoid cells type 3 (ILC3) are a group of relatively newly discovered lymphocytes that lack an antigen-specific receptor. Nevertheless, their important role of immune regulators on mucous membranes is evident. In addition to the development of lymphoid tissue in embryogenesis, and during ontogenesis, postnatally, ILC3 are mainly involved in maintaining intestinal homeostasis and controlling intestinal microbiota. ILC3 produces various cytokines that stimulate surrounding intestinal cells to produce antimicrobial peptides and maintain epithelial wall integrity. The major cytokine produced by ILC3 is IL-22. Th17 lymphocytes and ILC3 are similar in many respects but differ significantly in some functions. ILC3 can regulate adaptive immunity cells towards an antimicrobial response without inducing inflammation. They are also directly connected to cells of the nervous system. Some probiotic bacterial strains produce metabolites that directly affect ILC3. This mechanism could be used in new therapeutic approaches to ameliorate the severity of diseases where changes in microbiota composition and function are inducing proinflammatory responses of the host. Key words: innate lymphoid cells; IL-22; antimicrobial peptides; probiotics; microbiota
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The role of innate lymphoid cells in influenza virus infection
Mouyabi, Flaviancia ; Hrdý, Jiří (advisor) ; Kössl, Jan (referee)
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are recently discovered group of innate immune cells. They do not have antigen-specific receptors but they can be activated by cytokines similarly to T lymphocytes. ILCs have a crucial role in the regulation of inflammation, tissue repair, containment of commensals, anti-infection immunity and regulation of tissue homeostasis. The presence of mouse and human ILCs can be detected in the lung during and after influenza virus infection when ILCs contribute to the restoration of damaged lung parenchyma. ILCs directly or indirectly provide protection against viral infections by secretion of various cytokines and co-operation with other cells (e.g. T cells, macrophages). Overall, lung ILCs are important in immune responses and tissue homeostasis, but further studies on this topic are needed to fully understand their role. The aim of this thesis was to specifically characterize these cells, focus on their function in the lung, and describe their role in the course of influenza virus infection.
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The role of innate lymphoid cells in influenza virus infection
Mouyabi, Flaviancia ; Hrdý, Jiří (advisor) ; Hájková, Michaela (referee)
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are recently discovered group of innate immune cells. They do not have antigen-specific receptors but they can be activated by cytokines similarly to T lymphocytes. ILCs have a crucial role in the regulation of inflammation, tissue repair, containment of commensals, anti-infection immunity and regulation of tissue homeostasis. The presence of mouse and human ILCs can be detected in the lung during and after influenza virus infection when ILC contribute to the restoration of damaged lung parenchyma. ILCs directly or indirectly provide protection against viral infections by secretion of various cytokines and co-operation with other cells (e.g. T cells, macrophages). Overall, lung ILCs are important in immune responses and tissue homeostasis, but further studies on this topic are needed to fully understand their role. The aim of this thesis was to specifically characterize these cells, focus on their function in the lung, and describe their role in the course of influenza virus infection.
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