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Natural toxins in food and their effect on human health
Houdková, Kristine ; Bušová, Milena (advisor) ; Schlenker, Anna (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the occurrence of natural toxic substances in food and describes their effect on human health. It focuses on toxic substances that are a natural part of plants, animals, and also on natural contaminants. This work is divided into theoretical and practical part. The aim of this work is to provide information and raise awareness about these substances, because they are an integral part of most foods. The purpose of the practical part is find out the level of public awareness of toxins in food and discover the frequency of mycotoxins appearences in food from the Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF), which operates within the European Union. Mold toxins are a major worldwide problem, both in terms of public health and global economic. The research part of the work was carried out using a questionnaire survey through social networks. The general public seems to have a basic awareness of food safety and toxins substances in food. The bachelor thesis can serve as an informative and educational material for the public. Key words natural toxins - toxic substances - mycotoxins - alkaloids - poison
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Care of pacients intoxicaded by carbon monoxide
FORMANKA, Matěj
The topic of this thesis is the care of the patients intoxicated with carbon monoxide. Carbon monoxide ranks first among random poisonings in Europe. Therefore it is a significant socio-economic problem. The thesis is divided into the theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part describes the physical features of carbon monoxide and the ways it reaches the human body. It also describes the anatomy of the respiratory tract, breathing physiology and pathophysiological processes in the human body that are caused by carbon monoxide. The thesis describes possible sources of carbon monoxide, clinical symptoms of poisoning, diagnosis and treatment methods. In the practical part, the research is conducted using a qualitative method - interviews. The practical part has two goals. The first goal is to map the level of paramedics' knowledge of carbon monoxide intoxication. The second goal is to find out if paramedics are able to provide patients poisoned by carbon monoxide with adequate care and also to find out what care is given to them. The research sample consists of two groups of respondents. The first group is paramedics working in pre-hospital emergency care and the other are nurses working in the intensive care unit. Research has shown that respondents have good knowledge of carbon monoxide poisoning. The greatest drawbacks were found in the knowledge of the pathophysiology of carbon monoxide poisoning. The most of the problems were related to these drawbacks. In a field of care have been discovered some facts, that could cause problems. For example, the fact that there is only one hyperbaric medicine center in the whole Moravia region or the lack of CO-oximeters in the paramedics' equipment.
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Care of pacients intoxicaded by carbon monoxide
FORMANKA, Matěj
Theme of this bachleor thesis is care of pacients intoxicaded by carbon monoxide. Carbon monoxide occupies the fist place among accidental poisoning in Europe. This means, it is a big social-economic problem. Theoretical part describes physical attributes od carbon monoxide a his ways, by which it enters the human body. Further it describes the anatomy of airways, physiology of breathing and pathophysiological proces, which carbon monoxide causes in human body. There are described posibble sources of carbon monoxide, clinical symptoms, diagnostics and a way of threatment. In practical part, the research is processed by qualitative method using dialog. The practical part had two objects. The first object was to chart a level of knowlege of health professionals about carbon monoxide poisonning. The second object was to find out, if health professionals are able to provide an adequate care to pacients intoxicaded by carbon monoxide and to find out what kind of care is provided to pacients. The research sample was formed by two groups of respondents. The first group were paramedics, who work in pre-hospital emergency care. The second group were nurses, who work on a intensive care unit in a hospital. The research showed that the respondents have quite good knowlege about carbon monoxide poisoning. The biggest deficiency was discovered in knowlege of phatophysiology of carbon monoxide poisonynig. Most ignorace was related to this problem. In knowlege and provision of care were found some facts, which can cause problems. For example the fact, that there is ony one hyperbaric oxygen therapy centre in a whole Moravia, or missing pulse co-oxymeters in paramedics quipment.
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Quality of life in patients with methanol poisoning survivors during the so-called Methanol cases in the Czech Republic
Nedělová, Barbara ; Šejvl, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Matoušek, Petr (referee)
Background: Methanol poisoning survivors in their lives seen big changes, especially in sphere of quality of life. Aims: The aim of this thesis is to analyze changes in the quality of life for survivors after a methanol poisoning that took place in a large affair in 2012-2013, when there were many tens of poisoning. Sample and Methods: A cohort of 47 patients, 40 men and 7 women out of ten regions of the Czech Republic, who survived poisoning by methanol in 2012-2013. For the purpose of the research was elected standardized questionnaire WHOQOL-100, which was subsequently processed in MS Excel. Results: The research has confirmed that the quality of life has deteriorated after a methane affair. The patient said they had the biggest problems in the area of finance; Mobility; Energy and fatigue; Sleep and rest; Perception of body and appearance; Everyday activities. Highest values were recorded in the areas of Experience; Thinking, learning, memory and concentration. In conclusion, low value items are predominant and no maximum value of 20 has been recorded. Conclusion: The presented results are a clear indicator that the quality of life has deteriorated in the case of the surviving metallurgical case in the Czech Republic. Key words: quality of life, poisoning, methanol, survivors.
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Mapping and analysis of illegal poisoning of wildlife in the Czech Republic
SLAVÍKOVÁ, Kristýna
Pesticides, rat control or targeted placed, poisoning bait by carbofuran. These and many other ways can cause the poisoning of a wild animal. Whether targeted poiso-ning of a particular animal poison or unintentional poisoning of a non-target individu-al occurs, this behavior has always fatal consequences. The persecution of nuisance animals, such as Foxes, Martens or other predators, has an influence on the whole of the population. Often poisoning bird of prey is a White-tailed Eagle, in which case every poisoned individual has an impact on the whole of the population. Unfortu-nately, this made bait is poisoning far more animals, especially for scavengers and carnivores. This paper explores the available data of poisoning animals and maps their occurrence. The data was obtained from the database the Animal Rescue Centre and the Free Wings in the period 2009-2016. Among the most commonly accepted ani-mals in the stations was the Roe Deer with poisoning caused by the Rape. Water-borne birds were Often bothered by botulism, followed by individual poisoning with poison on the rodent and poison on the Slugs. Carbofuran was most poisoned by the White-tailed Eagle, the Common Buzzard, and the Common Raven. Among the poi-sonous species are also the endangered the Red Kite, the Black Kite, and the Golden Eagle. Furthermore, it has been found that individual years have no effect on poison-ing. The difference in the number of birds and mammals poisoning was not detected. The influence of the month on the data obtained from stations was not found, the number of carbofuran poisoning is higher in March, and especially in April. In the analysis of spatial differences, there is also a balance between most regions. The Cen-tral Bohemian and the South Bohemian regions are markedly different. Above-average numbers of carbofuran poisoning originate in the regions of the South Bohe-mia, the Vysočina, the South Moravian and the Ústecký region.
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Alimentary intoxication and poisoning animals
Pirklová, Darina ; Kodeš, Alois (advisor) ; Hučko, Boris (referee)
The primary aim was to dokument with the use of literary knowledge, basic information about the risk of intoxications and poisonings of the animals, their causes, as the case may be physiological or chemical substance, including preventive measures, both to maintain good health, efficiency and performance of animals, and the quality and safety of animal products.
This thesis is a literary research on the topic of food intoxication and poisonings of animals. The first part of study is focused on the occurrence of anti-nutritional and toxic substances in fodder and their effects on health and efficiency of animals. The another section describes poisonings of each animal species, their causations and consequences. The final chapter is devoted to the quality and safety of animal products and the possibility of monitoring their quality.
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Attitudes and options of nurses in the care of methanol poisoned patients (theoretical thesis)
DVOULETÁ, Zuzana
Methanol poisoning usually comes to the forefront of both professional and general public interest at times, when there is a larger outbreak, outside of these periods these cases appear sporadically. They occur in the whole world, in the developed countries as well as in the developing ones, independently of any restriction on the consumption of alcoholic beverages by the state. In Czech society this topic came to surface especially in 2012, when as a result of methanol intoxication the minimum of 50 people died and many more suffer permanent damage. The trickiness of methanol lies in the fact, that it is not possible to recognize it from ethanol in an alcoholic drink or in any other mixture. Most often it penetrates the organism by way of ingestion; it can also be absorbed through the skin or by inhalation. Methanol itself is not toxic; its metabolites (formaldehyde and formic acid) however present a problem. Typical symptoms include visual disturbances, deepening metabolic acidosis with an increased anion gap and damage to basal ganglia, particularly the putamen. The intoxication is further accompanied by a range of nonspecific symptoms such as stomach pain, nausea, vomiting, impairment of consciousness and cognitive functions. The gravity of the intoxication depends on the amount of ingested methanol and on the mixing ratio with ethanol. Therapy consists of administering specific antidotes ethanol or fomepizole, modifying of the internal environment, continuous or intermittent hemodialysis, if necessary and allowed by the patient's condition and in supportive treatment for maintaining the stability of vital functions. Nursing care has an unreplaceable role in treatment of these patients. Nurses come to contact with these patients in every sector of healthcare, they take part in admission, stabilization and monitoring of vital functions, they tend to the invasions as well as to maximal psychic and physical comfort of the patient. They take part in rehabilitation and also help patients returning into normal life. This thesis deals with the properties of methanol, its production and toxicity, it explores methanol intoxication, its symptoms and sequelae, diagnostics and therapy as well as nursing care in detail. It follows the role of nurses of all the sectors of health care in managing all the stages of the intoxication with emphasis on selected nursing activities in the intensive, standard or aftercare. The thesis concludes with 4 documented case studies. The aim of this thesis was to process the information collected on this topic into a complex and current overview of knowledge on methanol poisoning and the possibilities of dealing with it all of the phases of the poisoning including the aftercare of the patients who were affected. A summary of procedures and variations thereof was acquired on the theoretical basis of Czech and foreign sources such as books, renowned periodicals in paper or electronic form and by means of web sites of professional societies. The sum of knowledge this thesis provides can serve for teaching needsor continuing education of healthcare workers concerning diagnostics, therapy and management of the sequelae of this intoxication with special emphasis on the possibilities of nurse´s intervention in any of the phases of it, or to provide base for further research in this area.
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