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Etiological agents of scabies in domestic animals (dogs, cats, small mammals)
FILCOVÁ, Kristýna
The literature review, which constitutes the theoretical framework of the bachelor thesis, was based on the study of scientific literature. It contains a summary of causes of scabies in pets (dogs, cats and small mammals) and shows basic information about their morphology, localization within the host, clinical symptoms they produce, and about the methods of diagnostics, therapy and prevention used. The theoretical part also summarizes the most commonly used veterinary antiparasitics in the Czech Republic and their active substances against the causes of scabies. The practical part focused on collecting and processing data of pets infected by scabies in years 2016 - 2020. Attention was paid to the frequency of the infections, the species of pets infected by specific scabies causes and the most common veterinary antiparasitics used against specific scabies species in particular pets. The pet species with the most common disease was cat, which was most commonly infected with Otodectes cynotis (ear mite). The most commonly applied veterinary drug in cats infected with O. cynotis was veterinary preparation Stronghold.
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The influence of microbiome to pesticide resistence of stored product mite Tyrophagus putrescentiae
Bostlová, Marie ; Hubert, Jan (advisor) ; Mourek, Jan (referee)
Model organism used in this study is stored product mite specifically Tyrophagus putrescentiae. Presence of microorganisms may cause physiological changes (especially changes of immune system) which can result in different pesticide tolerance of tested mite population. The most effective way how to control mite is by acaricide application. We compare the reaction of two T. putrescentiae populations to pesticide treatment. The mite population differ in symbiont composition: symbiotic population 5P containing Wolbachia and asymbiotic population 5Pi with absence of Wolbachia. We observe negative effect of all tested treatments to mite reproduction rate. We used filter paper tests, growing tests and microbiome analyzes. High concentrations of pesticides in the diet reduced the presence of Wolbachia, Bartonella, and Bacillus bacteria in the 5P symbiotic population. This phenomenon was less noticeable in the asymbiotic population. Medium concentration of deltamethrin and primifos methyl increased diversity in the symbiotic population but not in asymbiotic one. The results showed that the asymbiotic population did not have a significantly different tolerance to pesticides compared to the asymbiotic population. However, they showed that the presence of pesticides in the diet affects the composition of the...
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Can symbiotic bacteria of storage mite Acarus siro alter its response to biocides?
Navrátilová, Blanka ; Hubert, Jan (advisor) ; Mourek, Jan (referee)
Storage mite Acarus siro is one of the most distributed stored product mites in the world. It infests various products (grains, dried fruits, meat products, animal feed etc.) and causes allergic reactions in humans. For these reasons, it is important to find an effective strategy to suppress or even better to eliminate the mite from the storing facilities. Historically, there have been reported cases of the mite being resistant to several pesticides. In this thesis, four populations of Acarus siro were exposed to pesticides in different concentrations - first in the form of solutions and next as a diet additive. The populations showed divergent sensitivity to four selected pesticides (pirimiphos-methyl, chlorpyriphos-methyl, deltamethrin and deltamethrin in combination with piperonyl butoxide). The biggest differences were recorded in response to solutions of pirimiphos-methyl. This pesticide was then added to standard rearing diet in five concentrations. The mite populations were exposed to this died for 3 weeks. Control and pesticide-treated diet microbiome analyses revealed that 0.0125 µg×g-1 concentration causes hormoligosis in 6L and 6Tu strains. The same concentration was responsible for microbiome change in 6Z strain. Exposure to 1,25 µg×g-1 concentration caused microbial shifts in 6Z and...
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Microbial association with house dust mites
Molva, Vít ; Hubert, Jan (advisor) ; Žůrek, Luděk (referee)
The house dust mites (HDM; Dermatophagoides farinae and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus) obtain nutrients from the debris of the skin, hairs and nails, that get off the human and animal body. These debris are covered by microorganisms and the microorganisms are the key factor in the survival of HDM in human-made environments. In this study we made manipulative experiments with the extract from spent growth medium (SPGM). SPGM is the medium after mite cultivation, composed from mite feces, debris of the diet, dead mite bodies and microorganisms. The extract from SPGM (one and three-month-old mite cultures) was used as the source of microorganism to transfer them into diet of D. farinae a D. pteronyssinus. The composition of the bacterial and fungal microbiomes differed between the HDM species, but the SPGM extract addition into diet influenced only the bacterial profile of D. farinae. In the D. farinae microbiome of specimens on SPGM-treated diets compared to those of the control situation, the Lactobacillus spp. profile decreased, while the Cardinium, Staphylococcus, Acinetobacter, and Sphingomonas profiles increased. The addition of SPGM extract decreased the microbial respiration in the microcosms with and without mites in almost all cases. Adding SPGM did not influence the population growth of D. farinae,...
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Analýza spadu na podložky na dně včelího úlu
CHLUBNA, Marek
This bachelor's thesis is dealing with methods of computer vision and use of convolutional neural networks for the purpose of detection and counting the Varroa destructor on the pad removed from the bottom of the beehive. A research of such methods and convolutional neural networks is done together with an implementation. Experiments are performed and the results are made with the vision of using the results of this thesis for creating a mobile phone application.
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Bacteria associated to red poultry mite (Dermanyssus gallinae)
Molva, Vít ; Hubert, Jan (advisor) ; Smrž, Jaroslav (referee)
The poultry red mite (Dermanyssus gallinae) (Acari: Mesostigmata) is a hematophagous ectoparasite of poultry, cage birds, mammals and humans. Infection of poultry by poultry red mites (PRM) induce the decrease of egg production, weight gain and fitness. The massive infestation of the PRM can cause the death of the bird. The PRM is danger for human due to his ability of transport bacteria and virus of one host to the other. This review summarize the association of putative pathogenic and symbiotic bacteria with the PRM. There are studies, when PRM is considered as a vector of pathogenic bacteria. The transmission of Salmonella spp. has been observed frequently using PCR and/or cultivation. Listeria monocytogenes has been associated with the PRM only in one study, in which is not clear if the PRM really transport this bacteria or they just appear in the same time and the same place. The transport of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae was in one work approved, but the demonstration of transport wasn't successful in other experiment. The role of the PRM in transport Bartonella quintana (causative agent of trench fever) is also not clear. The PRM and B. quintana appeared in the same time in the bird nest near the attic and there were attacked a family with high socioeconomic status by trench fever. However is...
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Nutritional biology of synanthropic mites (Acari: Acaridida)
Erban, Tomáš ; Smrž, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Grubhoffer, Libor (referee) ; Šustr, Vladimír (referee)
Ph.D. THESIS TITLE Nutritional Biology of Synanthropic Mites (Acari: Acaridida) ABSTRACT Several attempts to describe the nutritional biology of acaridid mites were undertaken, however full understanding of these processes remains incomplete. The objective of this Ph.D. thesis was to expand our knowledge concerning digestive physiology of stored product and house dust mites and to apply this knowledge to their nutritional biology. The research approach adopted in this Ph.D. thesis includes in vitro characterization of enzymatic activity in whole mite extracts (WME) and spent growth medium extracts (SGME), evaluation of the enzyme activities with respect to the gut physiological pH, enzyme inhibition experiments, in vivo localization of enzyme activities in the mite gut, determination of effects of nutrient or antifeedant additives in experimental diets on mite population growth and determination of the feeding preferences of synanthropic mites as assessed by in vitro and in vivo analyses. The gut contents of twelve species of synanthropic acaridid mites were determined to be within a pH range of 4 to 7 and showed a pH gradient from the anterior to the posterior midgut. The pH in digestive tract of synanthropic acaridid mites corresponds to the activity of proteases, α-glucosidases, α-amylases and...
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