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Účinky rostlinných produktů na růst, stravitelnost, složení těla, imunitní a stresovou reakci u ryb
ZARE, Mahyar
The plant powders and extracts contain bioactive compounds, including phenolic compounds, proteins, vitamins, and minerals. These compounds have been shown to possess antistress, antiviral, antibacterial, and antifungal effects on fish. Nettle has been extensively studied in mammalian medicine, but its effects on aquaculture species have not been well documented. Recent studies have demonstrated the positive impact of nettle on the growth performance, hematology, blood biochemistry, immune system, and pathogens resistance of fish species. Nettle leaf powder at a rate of 30 g/kg feed, improved the final body weight (FBW), weight gain (WG), weight gain percent% (WG%), specific growth rate (SGR%), and increased whole-body proximate protein and ash content while reducing whole-body proximate fat rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fingerlings. Tarragon leaf powder at a rate of 30 g/kg feed, significantly increased the haematocrit% (Hct%) and leukocyte count. The combination of 10 g/kg feed nettle leaf powder and 10 g/kg feed tarragon leaf powder resulted in the highest levels of erythrocyte count and haemoglobin (Hb). Nettle leaf powder at 30 g/kg feed, tarragon leaf powder at 30 g/kg feed, and a combination of 10 g/kg feed nettle leaf powder and 10 g/kg feed tarragon leaf powder significantly increased albumin levels in blood serum. Tarragon leaf powder at 10 g/kg feed showed the highest blood serum lysozyme enzyme activity compared to the control. Blood serum total immunoglobulin and total protein levels were significantly associated with nettle leaf powder at 30 g/kg feed. The study confirms the positive effects of these additives on growth performance, whole body proximate composition, immunological, haematological, and selected blood serum biochemical factors. Different levels of garlic powder did not significantly affect growth performance and somatic indices in European perch (Perca fluviatilis). However, adding 30 g/kg feed garlic powder resulted in a significantly higher level of whole-body proximate protein. Both 10 g/kg feed and 30 g/kg feed garlic powder showed significantly higher fat digestibility than the control and 20 g/kg feed garlic powder groups. The 20 g/kg feed garlic powder diet resulted in significantly higher erythrocyte and leukocyte count. Furthermore, all garlic groups had significantly lower blood serum cholesterol levels compared to the control. Garlic powder at level 30 g/kg feed improved European perch's resistance against high density and net handling stress, as well as their haematological and immunological parameters. Immediately after stress, the level of cortisol in all garlic-fed groups was significantly higher than in the control group, and there was no significant difference in glucose levels among the groups. However, after 24 hours, the levels of both cortisol and glucose were lower in all garlic-fed groups compared to the control group significantly. Garlic powder at a level of 10 g/kg feed improved apparent fat digestibility, whole body proximate protein, hematological parameters, immunological parameters, and increased resistance in high density and net handling stress. Overall, garlic powder could be considered as a potential dietary supplement for managing stress in European perch, however, further research is needed to determine the optimal dosage and long-term effects. Results of present thesis suggest that the use of natural feed phyto-additives could be a potential solution to address health issues in aquaculture, leading to more sustainable and efficient food production.
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Vliv vybraných minerálních prvků ve vztahu ke krevnímu obrazu u skotu.
DRESLER, Sylva
The aim of the current doctoral thesis is to evaluate the influence of the composition of a total mixed ration supplemented with dietary, organically bound zinc on health status and related hematological and biochemical parameters and mineral levels in blood in cows and their calves. The experimental part is divided in two subareas. The first experiment is monitoring the effect of supplementation of the organic form of zinc on lactation performance of cows and effect of TMR composition on the blood parameters of the hematological, metabolic, and mineral profile of cows and their calves. The second experiment is focused on an effect of the addition of organic zinc on blood parameters, health, and immunological status of weaned calves - metabolic profile, concentration of vitamins A and E, trace elements Cu and Zn, and total immunoglobulin levels in blood serum.
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Use of radiotherapy in treatment of children with leukemia
PAVLIŠTÍKOVÁ, Veronika
This bachelor thesis deals with the use of radiotherapy in childhood leukemias and is divided into a theoretical part and a part of practical patients. The theoretical part generally describes the introduction to the physiology of blood, it also deals with the issue of hematological diseases treated before transplantation of blood cells in hematopoiesis, which include myelodyplastic syndrome and leukemia. It also describes the types of leukemia that occur in pediatric patients. The chapter dealing with the diagnosis of the disease describes the physical and biochemical examination, blood count and differential budget of white blood cells, bone marrow examination, immunological and molecular biological examination. A large part of the theoretical part deals with the treatment of the disease, which describes the available treatment methods, such as cytostatic treatment or chemotherapy, the principle of blood stem cell transplantation and its distribution, not least radiotherapy, which describes the technique of total body irradiation and prophylactic irradiation of the cerebellum. The last-mentioned treatment methods include alternative treatment and supportive treatment, which deals with transfusion of blood derivatives, prevention and treatment of infectious complications, nutrition and rehabilitation. It also describes the side effects of treatment and their therapy. Finally, the theoretical part focuses on psychological and social issues. In the practical part, the data concerning patients with leukemia are processed using the NIS system at the Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology in Prague at the Motol University Hospital. The results of the work are summarized in the discussion and conclusion. The aim of the bachelor thesis was to describe the treatment of leukemia in pediatric patients and to analyze the severity of side effects of radiotherapy treatment.
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Variability in selected haematological traits related to gastrointestinal microbiota in parrots (Psittaciformes)
Dlugošová, Sylvie ; Vinkler, Michal (advisor) ; Volf, Jiří (referee)
Thousands of parrots all over the world suffer from illnesses and medical complications that can result from interactions between their immune system and bacteria in their digestive tract. The aim of this master's thesis is to understand the link between symptoms of these medical issues, the composition of blood and gastrointestinal microbiota in parrots. Using the hematological methods, 198 blood samples representing 53 parrot species were analyzed. The composition of microbiome was defined by combination of a molecular approach using bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing in 132 fecal samples, 12 intestine samples, 228 cloacal swabs and 236 beak swabs representing in total 61 parrot species and a diagnostic approach by psittacine fecal Gram's stain method. Significant association of hematological parameters with individual, environmental and clinical factors was observed, as well as its considerable interspecific variability. Absolute heterophile and lymphocyte counts have been shown more useful for infectious and autoimmune disease monitoring than H/L ratio. Relative numbers of basophiles were the best indicator for behavioral disorders. In relation to hematological parameters, the effect of the bacterial family Flavobacteriaceae, as part of the oral microbiota, and the bacteria Escherichia or...
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Variability of the domestic chicken breeds in selected immunological traits of hen and egg
Bílková, Barbora ; Vinkler, Michal (advisor) ; Plachý, Jiří (referee) ; Trefil, Pavel (referee)
The avian immune system is a complex system of defence mechanisms that protect bird hosts against threats from ubiquitous pathogens. According to the co-evolutionary models, variability in immune traits of hosts is the key component providing ability to adapt and enhance their defence mechanisms in presence of constant selective pathogen pressure. Domestic chicken (Gallus gallus f. domestica) is used as a model organism in avian biology and also is one of the most important food-producing animals, not only for their meat but also for the egg production. Unfortunately, in research usually only inbred chicken lines are used and modern poultry husbandry is tight with unilateral breeding towards highly productive breeds. Those approaches decrease intra-population polymorphism in chickens. However, especially in case of farm animals, searching and extending the pool of immune variability and enhancing pathogen resistance is crucial for sustaining healthy and biologically secure populations and their products. Morphologically highly distinct traditional chicken breeds, which have evolved for hundreds years under different selective pressures, may represent this desirable immunological variability. In my thesis I described variability in chosen immunological traits, haematological parameters and proteomic...
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Molecular mechanisms of Diamond-Blackfan anemia
Handrková, Helena ; Petrák, Jiří (advisor) ; Šebela, Marek (referee) ; Trka, Jan (referee)
Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) is a rare congenital syndrome that presents with ane- mia and selective deficiency of erythroid precursors, while other blood lineages are usu- ally unaffected. Approximately half of the patients display additional somatic anoma- lies and growth retardation. The therapy is mostly symptomatic and is dominated by corticosteroids, other modalities include regular blood transfusions or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. At the beginning of this work, only two DBA causal genes were known, RPS19 and RPS24, being mutated in approximately 1/4 of all DBA patients. The goals of this work were to study the consequences of the known DBA causal mutations on cellular level and to find novel DBA causal genes. To date, over a half of DBA patients have been reported to carry a mutation in one of nine known DBA causal genes, including RPS17, RPL11 and RPL5, that are reported in this dissertation. All confirmed DBA causal genes encode for ribosomal proteins (RPs) that were essential for ribosome assembly. We further hypothesized a non- ribosomal protein participating in this process might be involved in DBA pathogenesis, too. In one DBA patient, we identified a rare sequence variant in one such candidate, a protein arginine methyltransferase 3 (PRMT3). We reported that the patient PRMT3...
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Variability in selected haematological traits related to gastrointestinal microbiota in parrots (Psittaciformes)
Dlugošová, Sylvie ; Vinkler, Michal (advisor) ; Volf, Jiří (referee)
Thousands of parrots all over the world suffer from illnesses and medical complications that can result from interactions between their immune system and bacteria in their digestive tract. The aim of this master's thesis is to understand the link between symptoms of these medical issues, the composition of blood and gastrointestinal microbiota in parrots. Using the hematological methods, 198 blood samples representing 53 parrot species were analyzed. The composition of microbiome was defined by combination of a molecular approach using bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing in 132 fecal samples, 12 intestine samples, 228 cloacal swabs and 236 beak swabs representing in total 61 parrot species and a diagnostic approach by psittacine fecal Gram's stain method. Significant association of hematological parameters with individual, environmental and clinical factors was observed, as well as its considerable interspecific variability. Absolute heterophile and lymphocyte counts have been shown more useful for infectious and autoimmune disease monitoring than H/L ratio. Relative numbers of basophiles were the best indicator for behavioral disorders. In relation to hematological parameters, the effect of the bacterial family Flavobacteriaceae, as part of the oral microbiota, and the bacteria Escherichia or...
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