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Impact of temperature and drought on gliadins and glutenins contents in four varieties of wheat
Tomasz, Teresa ; Vítová, Eva (referee) ; Hrstka, Miroslav (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with an influence of high temperature and water shortage on the protein content of gliadin and glutenin fractions in four varieties of winter wheat: Bohemia, Tobak, Pannonia and var. Syria with designation S46 (IG142780). The crop was grown at 26, 29, 32, 35, 38 and 41 °C during anthesis under control irrigation treatment (with soil moisture higher than 70 %) or under drought stress (with soil moisture lower than 30 %). To separate gliadins, the A-PAGE method was used, and glutenins were separated by SDS-PAGE method. Proteins were quantified by computer densitometry. Significant influence of genotype on the gluten proteins was found. Variety Pannonia has high content of -, 5-gliadins, LMW and HMW glutenins, but low content of other gliadin fractions. It was the opposite in the other varieties. Due to temperature, as well as drought, there was an increase in the content of all gluten fractions, especially of HMW glutenins, 1,2-gliadins and total gliadins. The largest increase in the gluten fractions due to drought was observed in Syria variety. In other varieties simultaneous exposure to drought and heat caused decrease in gliadin content, but increase in glutenin content. Drought at high temperatures reduced gliadin-to-glutenin ratio, mostly in Bohemia variety. This ratio has increased due to the temperature, especially in Tobak variety. For Syria variety, no effect of stress conditions was found on gliadin-to-glutenin ratio.
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The Impact of Candidate Solution Mappings on Evolutionary Algorithm Efficiency
Hrbáček, Jiří ; Korček, Pavol (referee) ; Křivánek, Jan (advisor)
The Concern of the present study is summarizing knowledges in the theory of mapping candidate solutions , analysis and application of evolutionary algorithms. The study provides summary of the evolutionary algorithms, classification and application. The target of the study is links gained knowledge from sectionS of ; evolutionary algorithms, mapping candidate solutions and creations of a system that will demonstrate and influence mapping the efficiency of the evolutionary algorithms succesfully.
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Genotype and fenotype characterization in patients with ALS and ALS-FTD in Czech and Slovak Republic
Navrátilová, Nela ; Šlachtová, Lenka (advisor) ; Šípek, Antonín (referee)
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rare and fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by the degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord. It manifests itself with gradual muscle weakness and atrophy, and patients commonly succumb to respiratory failure within 2-4 years of disease onset. Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is one of the three most prevalent early-onset dementias, characterized by the degeneration of frontal and temporal brain lobes leading to progressive deterioration of cognitive functions, behavior, and language abilities. These two clinical entities intersect within the ALS-FTD spectrum, histopathologically characterized by the presence of hyperphosphorylated TDP-43 and other proteinopathies. The aim of this thesis was to characterize the demographic and genetic background, phenotypic manifestations of ALS and ALS-FTD, and the potential occurrence of other neurodegenerative diseases in the family history of ALS patients. The demographic profile and analysis of phenotypic manifestations were conducted based on patient clinical records and questionnaire surveys. A total of 184 patients were examined, 146 were genetically analyzed, and 78 questionnaires were processed. Regarding the genetic background characterization, the study focused on...
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Clinical significance of the rs4646994 polymorphism in the ACE gene
BÍCHOVÁ, Simona
The present bachelor thesis deals, as it is obvious from the title, with one particular polymorphism rs4646994 in the ACE gene and its clinical significance. The ACE gene, consisting of 26 exons, is localized on chromosome 17q23 and its name ACE stands for angiotensin converting enzyme. This enzyme is capable of breaking down proteins and is part of the renin-angiotensin system, which regulates blood pressure and fluid and salt balance in the body. The principle is to split a protein called angiotensin I into angiotensin II. This then causes the blood vessels to narrow (constrict), leading to an increase in blood pressure. This protein also stimulates the production of the hormone aldosterone, which triggers the absorption of salts and water by the kidneys. The increased amount of fluid in the body subsequently increases blood pressure. In addition, angiotensin II may also play a role in kidney development. The selected ACE rs4646994 polymorphism is of great interest in terms of various diseases (e.g. COVID-19, nephropathy in diabetes mellitus, polycystic ovary syndrome, etc.) It may also play an important role in Alzheimer's disease, which is the focus of the practical part of this bachelor thesis. The investigation of the rs4646994 polymorphism in the ACE gene was carried out in a selected group of 61 patients with a diagnosis of dementia by end-point PCR. The data obtained were then statistically processed and compared with a control group of patients without a diagnosis of dementia. The results were then compared with available scientific publications.
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Heredity of colouring in rabbits
HOZDOVÁ, Lenka
This bachelor thesis is focused on the practical verification of the laws of heredity in fur coloration during mating of rabbits Californian black rabbit and Viennese blue rabbit. Coloration of these breeds are white with black marks on the ears, nasal mask, legs and tail in Californian black rabbit and cloak blue coloration in Viennese blue rabbit. In subsequent generations there were also individuals discolored by either parent and were cloak black. According to the analysis of genotypes of both breeds, this phenomenon was anticipated and the further cross-breeding of the offspring of the F1 generation began to re-emerge from the individuals of the same coloration as the original two purebred breeds. Repeated crossings of parent breeds were carried out, as well as the crossing of F1 and F2 generations in different combinations. Based on the genotypes of the parents, the coloration of individuals of all types of litters was predicted and subsequently these ratios were verified by a mathematical method called "Chí quadrate test". All these ratios were consistent with the assumptions and the objective of the work was therefore verified.
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Detection and variation of the crayfish plague pathogen in selected crayfish populations
Mojžišová, Michaela ; Petrusek, Adam (advisor) ; Buřič, Miloš (referee)
Crayfish plague is an emerging disease caused by the oomycete Aphanomyces astaci, a pathogen listed among the 100 World's Worst Invasive Alien Species. It was introduced into Europe in the second half of 19th century from North America and caused collapses of European native crayfish populations. Nowadays, A. astaci is widespread in Europe and has spread also to other parts of the world, threatening all susceptible crayfish of non-North American origin. The aims of this MSc thesis were 1) to provide information about crayfish plague outbreaks from recent years, and by using microsatellite and mtDNA markers reveal A. astaci genotypes involved; 2) to test healthy-looking indigenous crayfish for potential occurrence of chronic infections by A. astaci in Czechia. Six new crayfish plague outbreaks were confirmed from 2016 to 2018, involving at least five distinct pathogen strains. My results provide first evidence of the A. astaci genotype group D causing Astacus astacus and Austropotamobius torrentium mass mortalities in Czechia. MtDNA sequencing revealed two haplotypes of the D haplogroup, indicating two independent sources of infection presumably either from ornamental crayfish or spreading from neighbouring countries. The genotype group A was recorded in two A. astacus mortalities and genotype group...
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Diagnosis of laterality in the school environment
Šnajdrová, Veronika ; Vítečková, Michaela (advisor) ; Krykorková, Hana (referee)
This bachelor thesis contains theoretical principals of expressions of the dominance of the brain hemispheres - laterality. It solves the development of laterality, its genotype and phenotype, levels, laterality types and species, refers to the educational consequences of the improper educational influence on genotype laterality and subsequent corrections. It also deals with the diagnosis of laterality, especially from a position of a teacher. The basic idea of this work is to support the natural development of a child through appropriate laterality effects on the child, specifically a student diagnosed with dysphasia.
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The introduction of diagnosis of new bacterial pathogens Ralstonia a Achromobacter isolated from patients with cystic fibrosis and determining their sensitivity to antibiotics
Michálková, Alice ; Melter, Oto (advisor) ; Bébrová, Eliška (referee)
Cystic fibrosis (mucoviscidosis) is an incurable genetic disease caused by mutations in the CFTR (Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Gene). The most common causes of increased mortality and morbidity of patients include bacterial respiratory infections which may occur even due to less frequent pathogens. Bacterial species of the Ralstonia and Achromobacter genera are not considered pathogenic for healthy people, but they have been established as pathogens in the sputum of patients with CF. However, due to their phenotypic similarity to other bacterial pathogens encountered in patients with CF, microbiologists often do not pay attention to them. The aim of this thesis was to propose some methods of identification of the genus Ralstonia, to determine both quantitative and qualitative susceptibility towards antibiotics, and to make a bibliographical search focused on the issue of the Achromobacter genus. Strains of Ralstonia spp. were identified using phenotypic and genotypic methods and were tested for the susceptibility towards antibiotics. The thesis also proposes a new method of genotypic indentification of R. respiraculi.
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The Influence of Specific Genes on Joint Hypermobility
Krýda, Tomáš ; Žatečka, Ladislav (advisor) ; Tomší, Adéla (referee)
This thesis is concerned with the influence of specific genes on the occurence of joint hypermobility. The main goal is to verify, whether the hypermobility test results differ among persons tested for the polymorphism of COL5A1, ACTN3, COL1A1 and GDF-5 gene with the respet to a particular genotype. The theoretical part of the thesis presented the specifics of sports genetics, general overview of the most important findings about hypermobilty, the manners in which it can be examined, its clinical features and also a detailed analysis of the role of the above stated genes, their association with health and performance attributes and their relation to hypermobility and range of motion. In the practical part, an examination of 15 probands (9 males and 6 females) at the age of 28,7 ± 5,6 years was conducted applying four scoring systems for measuring hypermobility. All probands were genetically tested by the PCR method. The statistical analysis was carried out by one-factor ANOVA. The statistical significance p < 0,05 wasn't reached with respect to any of the analysed genes. For SNP rs 12722 of COL5A1 gene, the average medians of the total hypermobilty score with respect to a particular genotype were 10,82 (CC), 7,30 (CT) and 10,99 (TT). For SNP rs 1815739 of ACTN3 the average medians of the total...
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Genetics and phenotypic characteristics of early-onset Parkinson's disease
Fiala, Ondřej ; Růžička, Evžen (advisor) ; Seeman, Pavel (referee) ; Bojar, Martin (referee)
Objective: Mutations in the parkin (PARK2) gene have been associated with autosomal recessive early-onset Parkinson's disease (EOPD) with various frequencies in different populations. The aim of the study is to describe phenotypic characteristics of Czech EOPD patients, to evaluate the influence of environmental risk factors, and to determine the frequency of parkin allelic variants in patients and healthy controls. Methods: A total of 70 EOPD patients (age at onset ≤ 40 years) and 75 controls were phenotyped and screened for the sequence variants and exon rearrangements in the parkin gene. Results: The main features in the phenotype of the patients' sample were: the absence of cognitive deficit, high occurrence of dystonia, depression, hyperhidrosis, an excellent response to dopaminergic therapy, early onset of dyskinesia and motor fluctuation. Patients with mutations in the parkin gene had significantly lower age at onset. The agricultural occupation and work with chemicals increased the risk of EOPD, however the coffee drinking appeared to be a protective factor. Parkin mutations were identified in five patients (7.1%): the p.R334C point mutation was present in one patient, four patients had exon deletions. The detected mutations were observed in the heterozygous state except one homozygous...
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