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The Impact of Candidate Solution Mappings on Evolutionary Algorithm Efficiency
Hrbáček, Jiří ; Korček, Pavol (referee) ; Křivánek, Jan (advisor)
The Concern of the present study is summarizing knowledges in the theory of mapping candidate solutions , analysis and application of evolutionary algorithms. The study provides summary of the evolutionary algorithms, classification and application. The target of the study is links gained knowledge from sectionS of ; evolutionary algorithms, mapping candidate solutions and creations of a system that will demonstrate and influence mapping the efficiency of the evolutionary algorithms succesfully.
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Teaching Genetics with a Focus on Human Phenotypic Traits
Heidelberg, Jiří ; Ehler, Edvard (advisor) ; Vančata, Václav (referee)
This thesis focuses on the inheritance of human phenotypic traits within the framework of genetics teaching at Czech grammar schools. Outlines information important to understanding the inheritance of human phenotypic traits. All fundamentals of genetics will be covered, including examples from human genetics and examples from nature. At the same time, he is engaged in a research investigation at selected Czech grammar schools, where we will try to find out the degree of knowledge of genetics that the pupils have. Attention is also paid to the influence of the classroom climate on pupils' knowledge, which is an important aspect in acquiring knowledge. The influence of the teacher's personality on the climate in the classroom is related to this. the results of the research survey from the data collected using the online questionnaire show the level of knowledge of the respondents and any gaps that need to be worked on. KEYWORDS Inheritace, phenotype, human genetics, education, pedagogy
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Targeted editing of the Arabidopsis CYP98A3 gene using the CRISPR/Cas9 method
Šamaj, Matej
Lignin is an abundant biopolymer, which fulfils several important functions including facilitation of polar water transport and mechanical strengthening of plant body. It is required for proper growth and development of plants but also for plant defence responses. Complex lignin biosynthesis involves the activity of numerous enzymes catalysing diverse chemical reactions that are stepwise generating various precursors for lignin formation. One such enzyme of lignin biosynthetic pathway, P‐COUMAROYL SHIKIMATE 3′‐HYDROXYLASE (C3′H), is encoded by the gene CYP98A3/ C3′H and convert p-coumaroyl shikimate to caffeoyl shikimate. CRISPR/Cas systems adapted from prokaryotes, where they provide adaptive immunity, have very quickly evolved to unique and powerful tool for precise gene editing. The CRISPR/Cas9 technology allows to specifically target desired sites within the genomes to subsequently perform very precise mutagenesis of selected gene(s). The purpose of this thesis was to employ the CRISPR/Cas9 method to perform targeted editing of the CYP98A3/C3′H gene in transformed Arabidopsis thaliana plants. Selected transformed plants were verified to confirm the presence of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing. The verified T2 generation putative mutant plant shows altered phenotypes of leaves, leaf rosettes, stems and inflorescences accompanied by lower deposition of lignin as revealed by histochemical staining by basic fuchsin and microscopic observations.
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Genotype and fenotype characterization in patients with ALS and ALS-FTD in Czech and Slovak Republic
Navrátilová, Nela ; Šlachtová, Lenka (advisor) ; Šípek, Antonín (referee)
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rare and fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by the degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord. It manifests itself with gradual muscle weakness and atrophy, and patients commonly succumb to respiratory failure within 2-4 years of disease onset. Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is one of the three most prevalent early-onset dementias, characterized by the degeneration of frontal and temporal brain lobes leading to progressive deterioration of cognitive functions, behavior, and language abilities. These two clinical entities intersect within the ALS-FTD spectrum, histopathologically characterized by the presence of hyperphosphorylated TDP-43 and other proteinopathies. The aim of this thesis was to characterize the demographic and genetic background, phenotypic manifestations of ALS and ALS-FTD, and the potential occurrence of other neurodegenerative diseases in the family history of ALS patients. The demographic profile and analysis of phenotypic manifestations were conducted based on patient clinical records and questionnaire surveys. A total of 184 patients were examined, 146 were genetically analyzed, and 78 questionnaires were processed. Regarding the genetic background characterization, the study focused on...
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Functional analysis of posttranscriptional gene regulation by TENT5A in biomineralization and metabolism
Aranaz Novaliches, Goretti ; Sedláček, Radislav (advisor) ; Hovořáková, Mária (referee) ; Tencerová, Michaela (referee)
Non-canonical poly-A polymerases, such as TENT5A, belong to the Terminal nucleotidyl transferases (TENTs) family and are crucial for mRNA protection, stability, and translation. A Tent5a knock-out (KO) mouse model was generated in our laboratory, which exhibited a phenotype in teeth, skeleton structure, and metabolism. In my PhD project, I aimed to characterize the molecular mechanism underlying these phenotypes and explore their potential connection to rare human diseases. I focused on the biological function of Tent5a gene in enamel development (amelogenesis) and mRNA stabilization. Micro-computed tomography and scanning electron microscopy revealed that Tent5a KO mice displayed thin, hypomineralized enamel with disrupted microstructure, a condition known as Amelogenesis imperfecta. Direct mRNA sequencing demonstrated that TENT5A is responsible for polyadenylation of amelogenin (AmelX) and other secreted proteins, leading to a shortened poly-A tail in Tent5a KO ameloblasts. Moreover, Tent5a KO mice disclosed impaired self- assembly of enamel matrix proteins (EMPs) such as AMELX and ameloblastin (AMBN), leading to compromised hydroxyapatite deposition and enamel formation. In addition to its role in teeth, I investigated the physiological functions of EMPs in other tissues, considering that EMP...
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The sex determination in the gecko genus Phelsuma
Peš, Tomáš ; Kratochvíl, Lukáš (advisor) ; Kverková, Kristina (referee)
Geckos (Gekkota) are a diverse group of squamate reptiles. The species richness of geckos is associated with a wide variety of sex determination systems. We can encounter male and female heterogamety, environmental sex determination, or asexuality in this group of reptiles. The diversity of geckos makes this group very interesting for studying of the evolution of sex determination. Due to the large number of species, we know the type of sex determination in just a fraction of taxa. The genus Phelsuma has been little studied in this respect and, with one exception, published data are not very reliable. In this thesis, sex determination in Phelsuma laticauda and Phelsuma nigristriata was investigated using an incubation experiment. I proved that both species have environmental sex determination. The effect of incubation temperature on morphological characteristics was also investigated in hatchlings. The possible persistence of this effect into adulthood was re-tested in one year old geckos.
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Heredity of colouring in rabbits
HOZDOVÁ, Lenka
This bachelor thesis is focused on the practical verification of the laws of heredity in fur coloration during mating of rabbits Californian black rabbit and Viennese blue rabbit. Coloration of these breeds are white with black marks on the ears, nasal mask, legs and tail in Californian black rabbit and cloak blue coloration in Viennese blue rabbit. In subsequent generations there were also individuals discolored by either parent and were cloak black. According to the analysis of genotypes of both breeds, this phenomenon was anticipated and the further cross-breeding of the offspring of the F1 generation began to re-emerge from the individuals of the same coloration as the original two purebred breeds. Repeated crossings of parent breeds were carried out, as well as the crossing of F1 and F2 generations in different combinations. Based on the genotypes of the parents, the coloration of individuals of all types of litters was predicted and subsequently these ratios were verified by a mathematical method called "Chí quadrate test". All these ratios were consistent with the assumptions and the objective of the work was therefore verified.
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Non-coding RNAs in oocyte and early embryo
Aleshkina, Daria ; Šušor, Andrej (advisor) ; Staněk, David (referee) ; Krylov, Vladimír (referee)
Once considered as 'transcriptional noise' noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) nowadays are known to be key molecules in major cellular processes. NcRNAs are expressed at very high levels as only 2% of transcribed genome corresponds to protein-coding RNAs in higher eukaryotes. Various ncRNAs are known to have structural, functional, or regulatory roles, but the influence of the majority of non-coding transcripts is still unclear. Among ncRNAs, long ncRNAs (lncRNAs, longer than 200 bp) are of particular interest. LncRNAs do not have a uniform function but many studies observed lncRNA-based regulations at the transcriptional and translational levels. Therefore, novel lncRNAs could specifically fine-tune protein synthesis in the highly differentiated cell types. Particularly, fully-grown mammalian oocyte and early embryo require precisely controlled translation of maternal transcripts to coordinate meiotic progression and early embryo development while transcription is silent. We aimed to study the involvement of ncRNAs in protein synthesis and consequent influence on the oocyte and early embryo physiology. For the first time, we analysed the expression and distribution of several ncRNAs, namely Brain cytoplasmic RNA 1 (BC1), lncRNA in Oocyte Specifically Expressed (Rose), RNA Component of 7SK Nuclear...
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Natural regeneration of spruce stands in Vysoké Tatry (High Tatras) after large scale disturbation
Michalová, Zuzana ; Weiser, Martin (advisor) ; Wild, Jan (referee)
The observational study on natural regeneration of Norway spruce (Picea abies) was provided during seasons 2010 and 2011 in the windthrow area of High Tatra National Park. The main aim of this master thesis was to describe the distribution pattern in Norway spruce regeneration as well as to estimate the spatial scale, which most preciselly describes the differences in its phenotypic variability. Following step was to determine the relative influence of abiotic and stand factors on the growth characteristics and abundance of spruce seedlings. The Main focus lied on stressing the role of biotic interactions, like intraspecific and interspecific competition, leading to certain discrepancies in the phenotype, as well as in abundance of spruce seedlings.The reponse in variability in spruce traits was recognized at each spatial level. The results showed clear causality between soil moisture and vegetation composition, which both directly modified not only the phenotype of spruce seedlings and plants, but have even influenced their counts on particular stands.
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