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Safety of selected dietary supplements with regard to the content of food additives II.
Jajtnerová, Renáta ; Pokladníková, Jitka (advisor) ; Marešová, Helena (referee)
SAFETY OF THE SELECTED FOOD SUPPLEMENTS FROM VIEWPOINT OF THE PRESENCE ADDITIVES. Student: Renáta Jajtnerová Tutor: PharmDr. Jitka Pokladníková, Ph.D. Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague Introduction: Nowadays the additives are absolutely common part of our life and we encounter with them almost daily. We can find them not only in food but also in drugs or various food supplements. Their safety is often discuss and the opinions of individual experts are often different. Objective: The aim of this work is to evaluate the safety of food supplements in terms of the presence of food additives and their possible interactions with substances. The evaluation concern food supplements which occurred on the Czech market in 2011. Because the number of food supplements on our market is very high, I focused only on the supplements used for the support joints and for the treatment of osteoarthritis. Methodology: One of the pharmaceutical chains provided for us the list of best- selling products and the complete list of products we received from the Ministry of health. Than the composition of these supplements was sought on the Information system decision of the chief hygienist (Is RoHy) alternatively in the pharmacy or directly from the...
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Effectiveness and safety of selected dietary supplements
Smolíková, Kateřina ; Pokladníková, Jitka (advisor) ; Marešová, Helena (referee)
Effectiveness and safety of selected dietary supplements Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague Student: Kateřina Smolíková Tutor: PharmDr. Jitka Pokladníková, Ph.D. Introduction: The market for dietary supplements in recent years has seen a noticeable upswing and supplements become for some people part of their daily lives, which could mean potential risks. Objectives: To assess the effectiveness and risks of selected dietary supplements containing Vaccinium macrocarpon, Serenoa repens, Cimicifuga racemosa, Glycine max and Silybum marianum. At the same time, the aim of this work was to evaluate the safety of selected supplements from the point of view of content of additives, check undesirable effects of harmful additives and compare them with the identified undesirable effects of medicinal plants. Methods: Efficacy and safety were assessed on the basis of scientific studies. It has been rated 5 best-selling groups of food supplements in 2011. The list of 100 best-selling nutritional supplements in the Czech Republic were given to us by one pharmacy chain. From the most selling supplements was made a list of the most frequently occurring substances content which was sent to the Ministry of Health with a request to add...
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Comparison of composition and prices of OTC drugs and selected dietary supplements to reduce weight
Radová, Zuzana ; Bartošová, Olga (advisor) ; Štenglová Netíková, Irena (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with the comparison of OTC drugs and dietary supplements to reduce weight. Orlistat and selected dietary supplements are compared in terms of their composition and price. The thesis is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. The theoretical part of the thesis briefly describes the issue of overweight and obesity, especially in terms of pathogenesis, diagnosis, therapy and subsequent complications. The Orlistat chapter describes the pharmacokinetics, mechanism of effect, dosage and side effects of this sole registered OTC drug on the Czech market. The final chapter of the theoretical part describes the components in selected dietary supplements, which are rated in the theses. Because they are usually plant extracts as components, information about relevant plants is also included in the paper for its completeness. The practical part of the bachelor thesis is devoted to the comparison of two generic drugs for the treatment of overweight and obesity and selected dietary supplements to support weight reduction. Generic medicaments containing orlistat do not differ in their composition, there is different price in the order of tens CZK between generics. The price differs by up to 48,5 % between the pharmacy and the e-shop. Selected dietary supplements were compared...
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Preparation and characterization of foods and food supplements containing selected vitamins
Krupičková, Lucie ; Hoová, Julie (referee) ; Skoumalová, Petra (advisor)
The thesis is focused on preparation of protected form of vitamins for aplication to food and diatery supplemets. The theoretical part characterizes vitamins and describes their role in human organism. Furthermore, this chapter summarizes different methods of determination vitamins soluble in water and encapsulation of substances into liposomes. The last sections are focused on functional foods and dietary supplements. In experimental part, an optimalization of determination method was made. Selected vitamins were encapsulated into liposomes. Size, stability, encapsulation efficiency, long-term stability and long-term encapsulation efficiency after two weeks was determined there. All prepared liposomes were found to be stable enough. Furthermore, the vitamin solutions, liposomes and lyophilized particles were analyzed during the process of model digestion. The active forms of vitamins were degraded during the model digestion of vitamin solutions. Vitamins were gradually released from the liposomes and lyophilized particles into the digestive juice. The analysis of content declared by producer was executed for functional foods and dietary supplements. Finally, applications of protected form of vitamins into the food and dietary supplemets were created.
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UV-photochemical generation of volatile selenium compounds for ultratrace analysis by AAS
Rybínová, Marcela
This thesis deals with the study of UV-photochemical generation of volatile compounds (UV-PVG) in connection with atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Selenium (Se(IV)) was selected as a model analyte and many experiments were carried out to expand the current sum of knowledge of the topic. The study was commenced by assembling the UV-PVG apparatus in the continuous flow mode. The detection method used was AAS with externally heated quartz furnace atomizer. The focus of the first step of the study was on the construction of the volatile compounds generator (UV-photoreactor) with emphasis on the material used; tubes made of teflon or quartz of different diameters were tested. The construction of the apparatus was followed by optimization of the reaction conditions (the type and concentration of the photochemical agent and other agents, which increase the analytical signal; the carrier gas and the auxiliary hydrogen gas flow rate; the sample flow rate). Eventually, the analytical figures of merit of the selenium determination using the proposed method were found. The results showed that teflon reaction tubes are a good competitor to those made of quartz. The accuracy of the method has been successfully verified by analysis of certified reference material and its applicability has been further tested...
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Consumer preferences of adolescents in the field of sports nutrition
Kociánová, Karolína ; Voráček, Josef (advisor) ; Pecinová, Markéta (referee)
Title: Consumer preferences of adolescents in the field of sports nutrition Objectives: The objective of this work is to define factors that influence the behavior of adolescent consumers during the process of purchasing sports supplements. Methods: Data were obtained through quantitative research. Specifically, the method of electronic questioning was used for this work. Subsequently, a statistical evaluation of collected information was performed. Results: According to results of the research dietary supplements are regularly used by up to 75 % of adolescents aged 14-24 years (n = 237). The remaining participants simply do not recognize the need to buy these products or have never even thought about it, hence do not look for them at all. The most popular dietary supplements used by this age group are vitamins, minerals and protein supplements. Adolescents look for them mainly in order to boost their immunity, sports performance and to speed up the regeneration process. On the contrary, the research did not show a significant influence of doctors and other experts on dietary supplement consumption. Young people's consumer behavior is influenced mostly by their immediate surroundings, family, friends or by themselves. Results showed that adolescent consumers are mainly looking for quality products...
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Issues of nutrition and doping in bodybuilding and fitness
Linhartová, Gabriela ; Chrástková, Martina (advisor) ; Vilikus, Zdeněk (referee)
Title: The problems of nutrition and doping in bodybuilding and fitness Purposes: The aim of the thesis was to find differences in the area of nutrition and doping in condition fitness exercisers, active amateur competitors and professional athletes in bodybuilding and fitness, in the area of macro nutrients intake, drinking regimen, dietary supplements and abuse of doping. Methods: For the research, the qualitative method was chosen as a survey. The survey is divided into questions identifying information about problems of nutrition and doping. It contains a combination of open, closed and semi- closed questions. The selected set of examinations was a random sample of condition fitness exercisers, amateur and professional bodybuilding and fitness athletes. Results: The survey shows that although condition fitness exercisers perceive the optimal macronutrient and micronutrient intake, drinking regimen and dietary supplements as part of success in bodybuilding and fitness, their awareness and discipline do not reach the same level as competing respondents (amateurs and professional athletes). The diet of the competitors corresponds more with the recommendations in the literary sources. Minimal differences were found between the nutrition of condition fitness exercisers and athletes (amateur and...
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Nutrition of professional sportsmen
VACHOUTOVÁ, Petra
The aim of this bachelor thesis was to map the nutrition of top sportsmen. The thesis is divided in 2 parts; theoretical and practical. In the theoretical part we dealt with nutrition of top athletes in comparison with the general population. In the practial part we have chosen two groups of professional bodybuilders and footballers. For the research questions we used the qualitative method. Research questions are as follows: RQ 1: What are the eating habits of professional sportsmen? RQ 2: Which foods are indispensable for professional sportsmen? RQ 3: What supplements do professional sportsmen use? RQ 4: What do professional sportsmen think about doping? The data were collected using a semi-structured interview. The interviews were attended by seven bodybuilders from the Pilsen region and seven footballers from the Olomouc and Pilsen regions. The informants were chosen by the snowball sampling technique. Four charts in categories were created from the interview data, the individual subcategories were described and compared between two selected sports disciplines: bodybuilding and football. The results are showing us that the nutrition of top athletes is subject to certain rules, but it is important to mention the individuality we have faced in each sport discipline in all aspects. Nutrition of athletes cannot be considered as a healthy lifestyle and the food supplements are an integral part of the nutrition of professional athletes. Doping is perceived as a negative element of sports on a professional level. The output of this work is also an educational leaflet with recommendations of suitable eating habits not only for top athletes.
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Effect of selected dietary supplements on the nutritional status of athletes
BOČKOVÁ, Dominika
A modern world brings a various poitns of views and possibilities in human nutrition. This theses is focused on dietary supplements and its using by athletes. Especially it is focused to the athletes for who the sport is essential part of life. The main aim is to chart supplements which are the most commonly used by athletes, to chart their features and functionality, eventualy riskness. Finally the secondary aim is to find out the sense of using them by the subjective view of athletes. What is the real need of using supplements? Is it necessary in in the context of preventing a nutritional deficit? Does it bring any benefits or is it just a marketing movement? Theoretical part is focused to the most using supplements, the legislation and division. Supplements will be analyzed by their functionality and effects. Practical part is focused on athletes for who is using supplements most often - enthusiasts of fitness-bodybuilding and people who often visit gym. The frequency was given by this criterion - it was focused on athletes who have visited the gym several times a week in the last year or longer. Research was conducted by questionnaire and expanded by interview if it was necessary. The questionnaire was distributed in printed version.For realisation was determined a quality research which was attended by ten respondents. All of them operate in sport at amateur level, some of them take part in amateur races, for the rest of them is bodybuilding just a hobby. The questions were asked to find out the way of using of supplements - their frequency and variosity.The research shows the differences between men and women, between profesional athletes and hobby athletes, their knowledge about supplements and the influance of sport enviroment. The athletes were questioned where they found the information about the supplements, how much they invest to buying it and why they using them. For processing purpose was used qualitative analyse of questionnaire. It was discovered that most of respondents do not observe recommended daily dosing, in most of cases was the main reason the recommendation by friend without the consultation with specialist so the athlet did not know what is the real need of nutrition and if the using of supplements is necessary. The most frequently used were the protein drinks and micronutrients - vitamins and minerals, especially vitamin C, magnesium and zinc, and omega 3 fatty acids. Theses could be used like an information resource for explanation what is the point of supplement, the sense of using them in connection of main aim of sport effect. In could also give an information for these ones who are interest in sport nutrition and the general public.
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Caffeine and its influence on sports performance
Kadlecová, Nikola ; Vilikus, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Tuka, Vladimír (referee)
This bachelor thesis is composed of theoretical and practical part. The first section focuses on characteristics and history of caffeine, its effects on different parts of the body, description of sport activity, and matters of using caffeine as a form of doping in sports. On the basis of the theoretical foundation, I have composed practical part where research project is described. The project consisted of observation of the effects of caffeine during medium- term endurance activity. The aim of this thesis is to discover how consumption of caffeine before a sport activity can affect performance of an individual. For that purpose, I have used an experiment which should determine if caffeine improves performance in 1,500-metre run. The experiment involved 16 people 25.6 years old on average and with average BMI of 24. The testing included test run without the consumption of caffeine and run with caffeine when 1 hour before the run the participants got caffeine of total dosage of 3 mg/kilogram of their weight. After the comparison, the results showed that 10 people had better performance after consumption of caffeine, and overall there was 3,5-seconds improvement. Nevertheless, the results are not significant according to statistical assessment (p=0,306), and therefore caffeine did not support the...
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