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Ethical issues in multicultural nursing in the context of child Ukrainian war refugees
Kučerová, Jana ; Červenková, Denisa (advisor) ; Bouma, David (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the approach of children's nurses to Ukrainian war refugee children requiring intensive oncological care. In nursing care, transcultural-multicultural nursing models are used as an ethical principle. In particular, the models of M. Leiningerová, J.N. Gigerová, and R. Davidhizarová created in the 1950s focus on holistic cultural care, health, and disease manifestations of individuals or groups and respect the common features of cultural values, beliefs, and practices. Keywords Ukrainians, migration, war, nursing, nursing model, transcultural-multicultural nursing, communication, human rights, child patient, the charter of children's rights in hospital, human dignity
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Activation of a child patient in hospital care
Olejárová, Denisa ; Tomová, Šárka (advisor) ; Javůrková, Alena (referee)
The bachelor's thesis on the topic "Activation of a child patient in hospital care" is focused on finding out the activities performed in the Motol University Hospital, we focused on employees who perform the activities and what tools they use, as well as staff satisfaction with the possibilities of activities. The work is divided into theoretical and empirical part. The theoretical part is focused on the characteristics of childhood, discusses the role of the nurse in the pediatric ward, the pediatric patient and communication with the pediatric patient. At the end of the theoretical part, various possibilities of activities and the role of volunteers in the departments are described. The empirical part consists of a survey questionnaire survey, which was focused on nurses working in the Motol University Hospital in the wards in the children's section.
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Health care about patients with hip dysplasia in childhood.
MAREŠOVÁ, Aneta
Developmental dysplasia of the hip is a congenital condition of the musculoskeletar system which occurs during childhood. Incidents of congenital hip dysplasia are diagnosed in approximately 3 % of newborns. This defect is 5 times more prevalent in girls than in boys. The theoretical part of this thesis deals with the congenital defect itself, the use of orthopedic aids and the education of parents, as well as children's tolerance towards orthopedic appliances. Two goals were set for this thesis: to determine mothers' awareness of congenital hip dysplasia and to map the importance of educating medical staff in this field of care. The empirical part of this thesis was devised through quantitative research carried out using semi-closed questionnaire techniques. The research sample was mothers of children diagnosed with hip dysplasia. The results showed that during their first pregnancies, in most cases, women are not aware of hip dysplasia; more awareness was reported in mothers who underwent orthopedic examinations with their first children. The highest awareness was shown in mothers who were diagnosed with hip dysplasia themselves. The results further indicate that education in the field of the care and handling of children with hip dysplasia is vital. It is necessary for general or pediatric nurses to educate parents, mainly concerning proper hygiene of their children. The results of this thesis can be used by medical staff to broaden their general knowledge of treating hip dysplasia, and for general or pediatric nurses who deal with affected children. The theoretical background and research results may also be helpful for parents of children who have been diagnosed with hip dysplasia. For parents of these patients, this diagnosis causes stressful situations for them to deal with. This thesis will explain how this condition arises, explain treatment options, and provide education on caring for children with hip dysplasia.
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Pro-Active approach to Neurorehabilitation intergrating air splints and other therapy tools. Subtitle: Practical application in occupational therapy for children with cerebral palsy.
Opravilová, Dana ; Krulová, Anna (advisor) ; Haškovcová, Eliška (referee)
The Focus of this study is to present Pro-Active approach and its use in pediatric occupational therapy. The main goal is to find out the effect of the Pro-active approach to neurorehabilitation on function capability of children with spastic quadruparesis form of cerebral palsy. In the first part is presented an overview of the issue of the Pro-active approach, which is made on the basis of a literature search. Nine patients participate in this study. The pro-active approach was applied to all of them. The first case study acted as a pre- research, she had 4 months of therapy with 25 therapies. The other 8 case studies took place for 5-weeks, with occupational therapy 3 times a week. Participants were assessed with the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI), measurement of active and passive range of motion in joints at upper extremity and spasticity. Evaluation of model activities was also included. Comparison of initial and control assessment showed an improvement in all measured score. 6 participants had better score in PEDI. For most participants was the range of active and passive motion increase. The degree of spasticity remained unchanged, but the spasticity angle improved. This study confirms that Pro-active approach has a positive effect on functional capabilities of...
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The issue of communication between a nurse and a child patient with hyperactivity syndrome
BUGOŠOVÁ, Klára
This bachelor thesis deals with the issue of communication between a nurse and a child with the hyperactivity syndrome (ADHD). The aim of this thesis was to determine the most common mistakes that occur during the communication between a nurse and an ADHD child. We also aimed to discover the barriers of communication between a child patient with hyperactivity syndrome and a nurse, map the nurses' knowledge of the appropriate way of communication when approaching a child with ADHD as well as to analyse the parent´s experiences when communicating within the nursing care. To achieve these goals, we chose three research questions: What barriers occur in communication between a nurse and a child patient with ADHD? What kind of knowledge do the nurses have concerning the appropriate way of communicating when approaching a child with ADHD? What kind of experiences do the parents of a child with ADHD have concerning the communication within the nursing care? To carry out the research, we have chosen a qualitative approach using semi-structured interview. The research sample consisted of 8 subjects nurses working either in a paediatric ward or in the general practitioner's office for children and adolescents and 8 family members with a child suffering from ADHD. The results of the research show that difficulties in communication between a nurse and a child with ADHD occur from the point of view of both parties: the nurses as well as the family members. In addition, the research has revealed the most common barriers that occur during this kind of communication. The child´s and parent's behaviour were marked as the most frequent issue. The nurses' statements were confirmed by the research itself. However, most parents shared negative experiences not only with nurses but also with other non-medical staff. Our research opens up space for a deeper study that focuses on other workers rather than nurses in order to create more effective ways of communication with a child patient suffering from ADHD.
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Efficacy of education regarding child patients with congenital deformations of pectoral wall in University Hospital Motol
Popková, Zuzana ; Heczková, Jana (advisor) ; Eckelová, Ivana (referee)
The aim of this paper was, at first, to evaluate the effectiveness of education of child patients with inborn deformation of pectoral wall in the University Hospital Motol in the MIRPE (Minimally Invasive Pectus Excavatum) operation correcting the inborn deformation of pectoral wall by using of a metal bar and for its surgery extraction after three years. At second, to map the effectiveness of education of child patients done by the hospital personnel during their hospitalization in the University Hospital Motol. This paper also presents its own opinions of both groups of respondents on the current system of education done in the clinical practice. According to the available sources there was not in the Czech Republic any similar study about this problem realized up to now. There were 116 respondents involved in the research who went through the MIRPE surgery and the extraction of their bar in the University Hospital Motol. The data that were received by the method of own constructive form was further statistically processed. From the analysis of the results came up a need to improve the education in the pre-surgery time, and to better develop the system of education during the hospitalization of child patients. There was an interest confirmed from the researched respondents about printed...
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Nursing care of children with selected visual impairments.
DĚDIČOVÁ, Kristýna
The sense of sight is considered to be the fundamental human sense which enables us to perceive three quarters of all impulses and information that we need for our life. Sight is the only sense through which we can accept optical effect. The connection between sight and the central nervous system is equally as complicated as the function of the sense organ itself. A considerable deterioration in quality of sight, or complete loss, always results in a considerable impact on a human life. The theoretical part of this work will concisely analyse the anatomical and physiological aspect of visual perception as well as the characterization of the selected visual handicaps: strabismus, refraction errors (hyperopia, myopia) and blindness. The objects of this work are patients in the children's age, who suffer from the above mentioned handicaps. In consideration of the child's age, nursery care becomes even more difficult with younger patients. The theoretical sections reviewing nursery care are striving to summarize the accessible knowledge of the main principles of care in these particular branches of nursery, whilst the focus of the theoretical section of the report as well as the following research lays in nursery care within children's hospitalization. From the qualitative point of view, problems involved with the care for children with light visual impairment are distinctively separated from those associated with the care for a child with serious impairment. Two objectives were set for this bachelor work: to investigate the specifics of nurse care for visually impaired children at a children's ophthalmology clinic and the approach taken by nurses when dealing with visually impaired children at a common paediatric ward. To determine the objectives of the work were structured three main research questions: What are, from the point of view of nurses, the main specifics in nursing care for a child with light visual impairment? What are, from the point of view of nurses, the main specifics in nursing care for a child with a serious visual impairment? What are the differences between nursing care for a child with visual impairments at ophthalmology clinic and common pediatric ward? In the research section has been applied a qualitative form of the research survey. The qualitative research survey was conducted by the method of semi-structured interview which enabled the respondents to accent particular problems according their own discretion. The open encoding method was used in the processing of the research survey and for the analysis of interviews with nurses. The research survey was being conducted in two hospitals: in Fakultni Nemocnice Motol (Faculty Hospital in Prague - Motol) at its ophthalmic ward for children and adults, and in Nemocnice Pisek (County Hospital in Pisek Town) at a paediatric ward. Five nurses were interviewed at each hospital. According to statements by nurses employed at the hospital in Pisek, it is evident, that the issues of visually impaired children do not constitute a statistical serious problem, when compared to the other definable groups of paediatric patients. Results of the research survey confirm that the main requirement for the care of visual impaired children is a need for permanent communication. The benefit of this bachelor work for a practice of a nurse who works at ordinary paediatric ward could be considered the opportunity to get acquainted with theoretical as well as practical possibilities which are available at the specialized ward at clinic hospital in Prague - Motol. The theoretical section of this work could be used as a reference material for supplementary studies in the branch of treatment for visually impaired child patients.
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