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Behavioral changes in fish after methamphetamine exposure
SLIVONĚ, Miroslav
Illegal drug use has adverse consequences in the global society, but what about other organisms or ecosystem? According to the results of recently published studies, the use of illegal drugs also has a negative effect on organisms in the aquatic environment, where it enters via insufficiently treated wastewater. This diploma thesis is focused on the effect of the illegal drug methamphetamine (METH) on the change in the behaviour of brown trout (Salmo trutta morpha fario) at environmentally relevant concentrations (1000 ng/L). The results of the experiments confirmed the presence of METH and its major metabolite amphetamine (AMFA) in the liver and brain tissue of exposed fish. The changes in fish behaviour suggest that exposure to METH affected the spatial orientation of fish, expressed by left laterality, and the locomotion, represented by higher exploratory activity of exposed fish. However, the effect of METH has not been demonstrated in the presence of fish near the feed site. Based on the results of this laboratory study, the negative impact of METH and its metabolites on individuals, populations, communities, and possibly entire ecosystems was concluded.
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Results of extended research of the ichthyofauna of lakes Laka and Čertovo, including adjacent streams.
Blabolil, Petr ; Hlaváč, J. ; Hůda, J. ; Kolařík, Tomáš ; Kortan, D. ; Muška, Milan ; Peterka, Jiří ; Vrba, Jaroslav
The report describes the results of an ichthyofauna survey in two areas of the Šumava National Park, where catches were made by an electric generator in the spring of 2021. This is the first direct evidence of natural reproduction of brown trout in the parts previously heavily affected by acidification.
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Results of the autumn extended research of the ichthyofauna of the lakes Laka and Čertovo, including the adjacent streams.
Blabolil, Petr ; Bartoň, Daniel ; Draštík, Vladislav ; Jůza, Tomáš ; Hladík, Milan ; Holubová, Michaela ; Hůda, J. ; Kočvara, Luboš ; Muška, Milan ; Peterka, Jiří ; Vrba, Jaroslav
The report describes the results of a unique survey of the ichthyofauna in two areas of the Šumava National Park, where catches were made by an electric generator in the autumn of 2021.
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Diet of Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) in relation to the stocking of brown trout (Salmo trutta m. fario) and grayling (Thymallus thymallus)
Lyach, Roman ; Čech, Martin (advisor) ; Poledník, Lukáš (referee)
This study aimed to evaluate otter predation on stocked trout and grayling. The diet composition of piscivorous Eurasian otters (Lutra lutra) was studied on the stream Chotýšanka in central Bohemia using spraint (otter faeces) analysis during one winter period (90 days). Stocking took place mostly in the second half of 2005. Around 5000 hatchery-reared brown trouts (Salmo trutta m. fario) of size about 10 cm, 600 graylings (Thymallus thymallus) of the same size and 480 rainbow trouts (Oncorhynchus mykiss) of size about 30 cm were stocked into the stream. Spraints were collected in December 2005 and January 2006. We found and identified 1531 fish in the spraints. The primary food source of otters was fish (almost 85 % of biomass). The main fish prey was small - sized, below 20 g in weight and 13 cm in length. The bulk of otter's diet consisted of less - valued species, especially the gudgeon (Gobio gobio). Other frequently consumed fish species were the European chub (Squalius cephalus), the common carp (Cyprinus carpio), the European perch (Perca fluviatilis), the brown trout and the rainbow trout. Consumption of stocked brown trout was 1,80 %, while cosumption of stocked rainbow trout was 10,90 % of biomass. Otters in this area consumed about 723 - 1446 brown trouts and 72 - 144 rainbow trouts...
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Rybí společenstvo vybraných toků Jizerských hor
DOLEŽAL, Tomáš
Fish communities of selected streams of the Jizera Mountains The watercourses of the Jizera Mountains have the character of trout and grayling zones, with occurrence of indigenous populations of brown trout (Salmo truta morpha fario) and protected fish species. Fish communities have been disturbed in the past century by an increased degree of acidification of the environment, with the disappearance of native fish species from some localities. Subsequently, the brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) was introduced in these localities, and in some of them created sustainable populations capable of natural spawning. At present, in order to improve the environmental status of many localities, efforts to replace these stocks by the indigenous species of fish, brown trout and fathead minnow (Phoxinus phoxinus). The fish populations are also negatively affected by the fragmentation of watercourses and water use associated with the operation of hydropower plants. Attempts are currently being made to allow fish migration by bridging migration barriers by building of fish laddders. The aim of this work was the ichthyological research of the River Smědá. 10 localities on the river were electrofished and 14 fish species were found, of which three belong to the endangered species (Burbot (Lota lota), Bullhead (Cottus gobio), fathead minnow) and one species was non-native (brook trout) Based on a survey basic characteristics of the communities were determined (abundance, dominance, biodiversity and evenness). High species diversity (13 species) and biodiversity (H' 2.38-2.97) were found in the localities under Frýdlant. In the localities above Frýdlant was a lower species diversity (5 species) and biodiversity (H' 0-1.65), due mainly to the nature of the flow, but also influenced by insurmountable barriers, which make fish migration impossible
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Diet of Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) in relation to the stocking of brown trout (Salmo trutta m. fario) and grayling (Thymallus thymallus)
Lyach, Roman ; Čech, Martin (advisor) ; Poledník, Lukáš (referee)
This study aimed to evaluate otter predation on stocked trout and grayling. The diet composition of piscivorous Eurasian otters (Lutra lutra) was studied on the stream Chotýšanka in central Bohemia using spraint (otter faeces) analysis during one winter period (90 days). Stocking took place mostly in the second half of 2005. Around 5000 hatchery-reared brown trouts (Salmo trutta m. fario) of size about 10 cm, 600 graylings (Thymallus thymallus) of the same size and 480 rainbow trouts (Oncorhynchus mykiss) of size about 30 cm were stocked into the stream. Spraints were collected in December 2005 and January 2006. We found and identified 1531 fish in the spraints. The primary food source of otters was fish (almost 85 % of biomass). The main fish prey was small - sized, below 20 g in weight and 13 cm in length. The bulk of otter's diet consisted of less - valued species, especially the gudgeon (Gobio gobio). Other frequently consumed fish species were the European chub (Squalius cephalus), the common carp (Cyprinus carpio), the European perch (Perca fluviatilis), the brown trout and the rainbow trout. Consumption of stocked brown trout was 1,80 %, while cosumption of stocked rainbow trout was 10,90 % of biomass. Otters in this area consumed about 723 - 1446 brown trouts and 72 - 144 rainbow trouts...
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Identification of the main components of food in nutrient brown trout during the growing season.
ANDONIU, Andreas
The aim of this bachelor thesis was to identify main food components of brown trout in Živný brook at two localities above and under the town of Prachatice, and describe its changes during the season. Sampling took place at five dates, when at least 10 individuals was caught from each sampling site for stomach content analysis. Modified Costello method was used to visualize feeding strategy of trout from particular sampling sites. Macrozoobenthos prevailed in food of trouts from both sampling sites, however terrestrial organisms (snails and earthworm) were also found besides adults of aquatic insect. Mayfly larvae, caddisfly larvae, adult dipterans were the most numerous represenatives of macrozoobenthos found in food of trout. In spite of that, leeches, Asselus aquaticus and chironomid larvae prevailed in site E. Differences in presence of specific benthic organisms in trout´s food were recorded due to inflow from WWTP Prachatice. In influenced locality mayfly larvae or plecopteran larvae occurred less due to organic pollution whereas leeches or Asselus aquaticus withstand higher organic pollution and thus dominated in locality E. Feeding strategy of trout was therefore aimed at above mentioned organisms, especially easily catchable and frequent in macrozoobenthos community.
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Density dependent growth of brown trout Salmo trutta in oligotrophic streams
Závorka, Libor ; Slavík, Ondřej (advisor) ; Frouzová, Jaroslava (referee)
This thesis deals with the influence of population density on the growth of brown trout Salmo trutta. The research was carried out in the Šumava National Park in the river basins of two oligotrophic streams, the Vydra and the Křemelná. Data has been collected between years 2005 and 2010, every spring and autumn. Fish were caught via electrofishing and the length and weight of each individual were measured. Every individual caught was marked in a unique way. A few samples of scales were taken from some of them. The scales were fixed into laboratory slides, scanned and measured by graphic software. According to the differences between annual lamellas density, the age and the annual growth of individual's body length were estimated. Thanks to these results a negative relationship between the individuals' of age 1+ growth rate and the population density was confirmed. The importance of this thesis is mainly in comparing the influence of different spatial and time definitions of population on this relationship. The influence of the population density in spring (the initial time of the growth period) was proved to be essential for the growth rate. This fact suggests the importance of compensation growth intensity after the long period of winter for individual's general growth under conditions provided by...
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Comparison of ichtyofauna in morphologically similar parts of trout zone of two rivers with different kind of management
ČEJKA, Jakub
The topic of this bachelor´s paper is comparison of biodiversity of fish community in morphologically similar parts of two South Bohemian rivers the Malše and the Blanice, which vary in the kind of fish management. There were chosen four parts of both rivers in the trout to the grayling zone, which were fished with a power generator in spring and autumn 2015. Fished fish, which are important for the fish management, were measured and weighed individually and then all the fish were given back to the parts. Gained data were processed. The parts, which were compared, are CHRO (freshwater fish protected areas), areas, where only original species are handled (brown trout (Salmo trutta m. fario, Linnaeus, 1758) and european grayling (Thymallus thymallus, Linnaeus, 1758)) and areas, where apart of original species rainbow trout popular with sport fishermen (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum, 1792) is handled. A similar trend of higher stability and condition of original species population in higher located parts of monitored fish district of both rivers was found out. There is a probable dependence of brown trout´s and grayling´s presence on handling of fries, which are heavily influenced by the presence of unoriginal species and sport fishing in the lower parts of the Malše river. It is possible to assume the existence of natural reproduction and subsequent sustainability of both species populations in the above-lying areas. The population of brown trout in the Blanice river can be judged like sustainable by itself in all the parts and influenced by undesirable fish species only in the lower parts. The presence of grayling in all the parts is probably dependent on fish migration from the lower part of the district and there is grayling only sporadic in the higher located parts.
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