|
|
Anthracological analyses of sets of the Early Middle Ages and the High Middle Ages from South Bohemia and the transformation of the landscape
HRABÁKOVÁ, Lenka
The aim of this thesis is to analyze anthracological material from selected archaeological sites of the Early Middle Ages and the High Middle Ages from South Bohemia. The results of this analysis then will be compared with the results of pollen analyses, that were done in the monitored area in the monitored time period. The last step will be to put into context the results of the anthracological analyses with the archaeological context of selected sites. Based on these results and comparisons, it should by possible to create a model of how the landscape of South Bohemia could change during medieval colonization dependeing on the needs of medieval human.
|
|
|
Anthracology and NMR spectroscopy in Palaeoecological Research of Chernozems
Danková, Lenka ; Šefrna, Luděk (advisor) ; Chuman, Tomáš (referee)
This thesis deals with black carbon, its characteristic features and with its occurrence in chernozemic soils. In particular, this thesis deals with methods, which can study presence of black carbon in soils. The presence of black carbon and the whole composition of soil organic matter of three chernozemic soils in Czechia (Zeměchy, Tursko, Syrovice) is examined by 13 C NMR spectroscopy. Anthracological analysis of charcoal from fossil chernozems of Zemechy loess ravine deals with pedogenesis of chernozems and development of Quaternary vegetation in Central Europe. Coniferous tree species of Pinus sp., Pinus cf. cembra, Larix/Picea, Juniperus a Vaccicium, i.e. cold- and drought-tolerant taxa, were identified by anthracological analysis of soils of Zemechy loess ravine. The identified species suggest that the landscape around Zemechy was probably formed by parkland taiga. According to 13 C NMR spectroscopy, soil organic matter of fossil chernozem of Zemechy loess ravine consists particularly of alkyl and O-alkyl carbon. Aromatic carbon is also significant. O-alkyl carbon is the most important in the recent chernozems of Tursko and Syrovice. Aromatic carbon has the smallest proportion in both chernozems. The presence of aromatic carbon in chernozem of Tursko is the smallest of all analyzed soils. The...
|
|
|
Anthracological and xylotomy analysis from prehistoric archaeological sites and its relationship to vegetation conditions
Prach, Martin ; Novák, Jan (advisor) ; Beneš, Jaromír (referee)
Xylotomy and anthracological analysis belong to fundamental paleoecological methods used mostly for reconstructing evolution of past wood vegetation. The point of this analysis is utilizing either charred or uncharred ancient wood material in the form of taxonomical determination of particular fragments, resulting in conclusions pointing towards reconstruction of species composition of past vegetation. In its first part, this work deals with brief introduction of the method, containing its short history, different methodological approaches and possible complications with final conclusions. The literature review part contains geographically sorted analysis of studies from continental Europe from Spain to Sweden, published mostly in english. Keywords: charcoal, wood, reconstruction of vegetation, archeology, anthracology
|
|
|
Anthracological perspective on vegetation history in Roztoky u Prahy
Prach, Martin ; Novák, Jan (advisor) ; Beneš, Jaromír (referee)
This thesis researches forest history and human impact on it in prehistory and early Middle Ages by means of soil charcoal analysis, i.e. pedoanthracology. It focuses on a site called "Roztocký háj" with long-term human settlement near Roztoky u Prahy in central Bohemia. Pedoanthracology brings information about past woody vegetation that is very local and without much anthropogenic influence. On the other hand, archeoanthracology focuses on charcoal originating from archeological excavations directly from human settlements. These charcoals are therefore formed by human behaviour and provide general view on woody vegetation in wider surroundings of the site. Comparing results of these two approaches in Roztoky is allowed by long-term archeological excavations. They provided previously analyzed and partially published charcoal dataset. Newly obtained pedoanthracological dataset brings finer spatial scale, allows to find out the effect of local conditions on the charcoal spectra and also allows identification of possible purposefully selected taxa in the archeoanthracological assemblage. Another part of this work describes present-day vegetation around the soil profiles and examines it's possible continuity with the past vegetation. 4 soil profiles provided quite species-rich (17 taxa) charcoal...
|
|
|
Anthracological and xylotomy analysis from prehistoric archaeological sites and its relationship to vegetation conditions
Prach, Martin ; Novák, Jan (advisor) ; Beneš, Jaromír (referee)
Xylotomy and anthracological analysis belong to fundamental paleoecological methods used mostly for reconstructing evolution of past wood vegetation. The point of this analysis is utilizing either charred or uncharred ancient wood material in the form of taxonomical determination of particular fragments, resulting in conclusions pointing towards reconstruction of species composition of past vegetation. In its first part, this work deals with brief introduction of the method, containing its short history, different methodological approaches and possible complications with final conclusions. The literature review part contains geographically sorted analysis of studies from continental Europe from Spain to Sweden, published mostly in english. Keywords: charcoal, wood, reconstruction of vegetation, archeology, anthracology
|
|
|
Anthracology and NMR spectroscopy in Palaeoecological Research of Chernozems
Danková, Lenka ; Šefrna, Luděk (advisor) ; Chuman, Tomáš (referee)
This thesis deals with black carbon, its characteristic features and with its occurrence in chernozemic soils. In particular, this thesis deals with methods, which can study presence of black carbon in soils. The presence of black carbon and the whole composition of soil organic matter of three chernozemic soils in Czechia (Zeměchy, Tursko, Syrovice) is examined by 13 C NMR spectroscopy. Anthracological analysis of charcoal from fossil chernozems of Zemechy loess ravine deals with pedogenesis of chernozems and development of Quaternary vegetation in Central Europe. Coniferous tree species of Pinus sp., Pinus cf. cembra, Larix/Picea, Juniperus a Vaccicium, i.e. cold- and drought-tolerant taxa, were identified by anthracological analysis of soils of Zemechy loess ravine. The identified species suggest that the landscape around Zemechy was probably formed by parkland taiga. According to 13 C NMR spectroscopy, soil organic matter of fossil chernozem of Zemechy loess ravine consists particularly of alkyl and O-alkyl carbon. Aromatic carbon is also significant. O-alkyl carbon is the most important in the recent chernozems of Tursko and Syrovice. Aromatic carbon has the smallest proportion in both chernozems. The presence of aromatic carbon in chernozem of Tursko is the smallest of all analyzed soils. The...
|
guest ::
